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Nagorno-Karabakh: 2020 war and the new geopolitical reality.
Vantsyan, Tatevik ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, which erupted in the end of 1980s, entered its most dangerous phase after the 1994 ceasefire agreement. The 2020 war totally changed the geopolitical situation of the South Caucasus region. After the victory and preservation of the status quo for 26 years, Armenia suffered huge losses and is left defeated and humiliated. Russian influence enhanced due to deployment of peacekeepers into Nagorno-Karabakh, while Turkey actively engaged in the war, openly supported Azerbaijan, and took a position of a more active player. Clash of conflicts between the reality and the narratives and rhetoric, which have been an inseparable part of this conflict, reached its culmination during the war. Even though the military actions were halted, and Russian-brokered trilateral ceasefire agreement was signed, long-term peace and reaching a final conflict solution seem quite farfetched.
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Geostrategic Importance of Greenland
Uchytilová, Gabriela ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
The diploma thesis entitled "Geostrategic Importance of Greenland" deals with the current geopolitical position of the island in the context of advancing climate change. This brings Greenland many opportunities, but also threats that could affect its further development. The main aim of the work is therefore to examine how the geographical location of the island in combination with the advancing climate change affects its development, especially towards the future full independence from the Kingdom of Denmark. The work maps the current situation of Greenland in terms of newly emerging opportunities as well as the threats it also faces. Furthermore, the work focuses on the relationship between Greenland and Denmark and tries to describe the strategic importance of the island for Denmark. Although the Arctic is an area where states have cooperated in the past decades, in recent years tensions have been growing in the region between the Russian Federation, which is increasing its military presence there, and Western states represented by the North Atlantic Alliance. In addition, China is trying to penetrate the region, which is not indifferent to the strategic importance of the region, and other non-Arctic actors, led by the European Union, are also turning their attention to the region. The...
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Russia's Idea After the Dissolution of the USSR. The changes of V. Putin's geopolitical thought
Martinek, Jan ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
In this thesis, I examine how geopolitical ideas about the future development of the Russian Federation changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and how the Vladimir Putin regime has subsequently built on this debate. Using Russian political and geopolitical thought, I demonstrate that the key questions to which the Russian elite (whether intellectuals or members of the ruling class) have attempted to find answers over the past two hundred years remain relevant and continue to shape social discurs: For example, the question of how open Russia should be to foreign influences, whether it represents a European, Asian, or unique civilization, and whether the Russian nation has an exceptional, messianic mission to which it must subordinate its existence. Different schools of geopolitics have successively offered different - mutually contradictory - answers to these questions. Thus, I first present the history of the search for the Russian idea, and then, using speeches and articles delivered and written by Vladimir Putin in particular, I argue that none of these geopolitical conceptions alone fully explains the direction in which today's Russia is heading, but that in their summary they can in some way explaining the gradual changes in Putin's rhetoric and policies. Whereas earlier geopolitical...
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The shaping of Russia's Arctic strategy
Fritzen, Johan ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
The Shaping of Russia's Arctic strategy Abstract Dramatic and rapid shifts are brought about by climate changes to the Arctic geography: Arctic Ocean ice recedes and leave behind resources and sea lanes that traditionally were out of reach to man. This potentially leads to conflict between the coastal states which have overlapping resource claims in the region, different forms of statehood, and diverging security priorities. The changes are felt the strongest in Russia which is investing in Arctic infrastructure to accommodate oil and gas extraction, in addition to a slowly opening intercontinental trade route along her Northern shores. Arctic extraction is a means of increasing economic output and the maritime route to Asia ensures a diversified market which is unlikely to engage in trade sanctions to the same extent as Europe. Melting Arctic ice has repercussions in the defence sphere as well: traditionally protected against invasions from the North by a frozen ocean, Russia's Arctic coastline is becoming exposed to foreign powers. This has sparked a Russian military build-up in the region, inspiring her neighbouring Arctic states to consider their regional defence - not as a response to changed climatic conditions, but to Russia's rhetoric and actions. Both the economic flexibility stemming from Arctic...
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Geopolitical significance of the European Union in the perspective of economic influence on its surroundings
Sušanka, Adam ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the geopolitical significance of the European Union in terms of its economic impact on neighboring countries. Using the concept of geographical distance, Heartland and Rimland theories, geoeconomic theory and the world system theory, it examines its economic impact on six target countries in the geopolitically important area of Rimland in comparison with the world's three largest power actors. The main goal is to find out whether the European Union as a whole is competitive in geopolitical rivalry with the USA, China and Russia. The first hypothesis of this research claims that the EU's geopolitical influence is comparable to other world powers. Furthermore, a second hypothesis is presented that argues the importance of geographical distance in relation to geopolitical influence, ie the greater the distance of the domestic actor from the target he wants to act on, the more his overall geopolitical influence decreases, which is also analyzed in this project in the case of the European Union and others.
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The GIUK's gap Geopolitical Importance
Prášil, Matěj ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
The following thesis is focusing on the geopolitical as well as geostrategic significance of the GIUK Gap. In addition to an overview of the realist theories of international relations used in the analysis as such, the thesis includes a section devoted to the historical development of the geopolitical and geostrategic significance of the GIUK Gap, but above all an analysis of the current geopolitical and geostrategic significance of the once mentioned specific North Atlantic region. The analysis of the current geopolitical situation is written with an emphasis on the increasing importance of the area for NATO and the Russian Federation, whose interests have increasingly clashed in recent years, not only in this region. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate a causal relationship between the generally deteriorating relations between NATO and the Russian Federation following the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the growing importance of the GIUK Gap.
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Transformation of geopolitical importance of Arctic Ocean due to climate change.
Doboš, Bohumil ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
Work describes and predicts future development in geopolitical situation in the region of the Arctic Ocean. Problematic is covered with regard to melting of the Arctic iceberg leading to access of mineral resources under the sea floor, as well as to opening of so-called Northern Route as the shortest sea route between Far East and European markets. Thesis is a case study, which creates the most probable development in the region and its conflict potential based on study of available sources. Specific points covered in the text are, after geographically limiting the area and summing up the historical process, problematic of peak oil and sketching probability of melting of the Arctic iceberg. Second part covers the question of recovering of the mineral resources in the area - oil and natural gas as the most important. It also deals with dependence of the countries in the area on the drilling and with impacts of the possible drilling in the Arctic Ocean on the situation inside these countries. Last topic covered in this part are tools a conventions of the sea law dealing with setting of so-called Exclusive economic zones and technical difficulties of the mining process. Third part covers topic of availability of Northern Route and North-west Passage and their fallout on the trade between Far East and Europe...
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Analysis of relations of the South Caucasus countries
Makovský, Pavel ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Uchočová, Michaela (referee)
Pavel Makovský: Analýza vztahů jihokavkazských států Abstrakt The South Caucasus is very heterogeneous and dynamic region. In the area are conflicts not only between Christianity and Islam, but also major geopolitical actors. The world power is interested in this area thanks to exploitation of oil, natural gas and pipeline from Azerbaijan. The main aim of the bachelor thesis is to analyze the interrelationships of all three states, which is based on principles of liberal-idealist tradition. This thesis is focused on the economic power and interdependence of foreign trade, the intensity and the results of international meetings of politicians or the involvement of transnational institutions and their benefits. Each state takes to its neighbors totally different attitude and because of it are the resulting relationships quite different. Diversity of these states encourages orientation on the superpowers and institutions. These interests puts their potential partners against each other. Instability of the region confirms the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan, which is still actual, because there were mutual armed clashes even in April 2016. Keywords: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, South Caucasus, liberal-idealist tradition of international relations, geopolitics
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