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The introduction of diagnosis of new bacterial pathogens Ralstonia a Achromobacter isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis and determining their sensitivity to antibiotics
Michálková, Alice ; Melter, Oto (advisor) ; Bébrová, Eliška (referee)
Cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) is an incurable genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene). The most common causes of increased mortality and morbidity of patients include bacterial respiratory infections which may occur even due to less frequent pathogens. Bacterial species of the Ralstonia and Achromobacter genera are not considered pathogenic for healthy people, but they have been established as pathogens in the sputum of patients with CF. However, due to their phenotypic similarity to other bacterial pathogens encountered in patients with CF, microbiologists often do not pay attention to them. The aim of this thesis was to propose some methods of identification of the genus Ralstonia, to determine both quantitative and qualitative susceptibility towards antibiotics, and to make a bibliographical search focused on the issue of the Achromobacter genus. Strains of Ralstonia spp. were identified using phenotypic and genotypic methods and were tested for the susceptibility towards antibiotics. The thesis also proposes a new method of genotypic indentification of R. respiraculi.
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The Influence of Specific Genes on Joint Hypermobility
Krýda, Tomáš ; Žatečka, Ladislav (advisor) ; Tomší, Adéla (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the influence of specific genes on the occurence of joint hypermobility. The main goal is to verify, whether the hypermobility test results differ among persons tested for the polymorphism of COL5A1, ACTN3, COL1A1 and GDF-5 gene with the respet to a particular genotype. The theoretical part of the thesis presented the specifics of sports genetics, general overview of the most important findings about hypermobilty, the manners in which it can be examined, its clinical features and also a detailed analysis of the role of the above stated genes, their association with health and performance attributes and their relation to hypermobility and range of motion. In the practical part, an examination of 15 probands (9 males and 6 females) at the age of 28,7 ± 5,6 years was conducted applying four scoring systems for measuring hypermobility. All probands were genetically tested by the PCR method. The statistical analysis was carried out by one-factor ANOVA. The statistical significance p < 0,05 wasn't reached with respect to any of the analysed genes. For SNP rs 12722 of COL5A1 gene, the average medians of the total hypermobilty score with respect to a particular genotype were 10,82 (CC), 7,30 (CT) and 10,99 (TT). For SNP rs 1815739 of ACTN3 the average medians of the total...
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Genetics and phenotypic characteristics of early-onset Parkinson's disease
Fiala, Ondřej ; Růžička, Evžen (advisor) ; Seeman, Pavel (referee) ; Bojar, Martin (referee)
Objective: Mutations in the parkin (PARK2) gene have been associated with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) with various frequencies in different populations. The aim of the study is to describe phenotypic characteristics of Czech EOPD patients, to evaluate the influence of environmental risk factors, and to determine the frequency of parkin allelic variants in patients and healthy controls. Methods: A total of 70 EOPD patients (age at onset ≤ 40 years) and 75 controls were phenotyped and screened for the sequence variants and exon rearrangements in the parkin gene. Results: The main features in the phenotype of the patients' sample were: the absence of cognitive deficit, high occurrence of dystonia, depression, hyperhidrosis, an excellent response to dopaminergic therapy, early onset of dyskinesia and motor fluctuation. Patients with mutations in the parkin gene had significantly lower age at onset. The agricultural occupation and work with chemicals increased the risk of EOPD, however the coffee drinking appeared to be a protective factor. Parkin mutations were identified in five patients (7.1%): the p.R334C point mutation was present in one patient, four patients had exon deletions. The detected mutations were observed in the heterozygous state except one homozygous...
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Vliv vybraných faktorů na ztráty selat
Zvědělíková, Drahomíra
The diploma paper was focused on evaluation of chosen factors that influences loss of piglets since birth to weaning. Experiment was run in pre-chosen breeding herd on 80 sows of two genotypes A and B. The influence of genotype was evaluated for loss of piglet, then it´s influence on birth weight and sex, and for genotype A lose based on order of litter. There was statistically proven difference between genotypes in loss of piglets for litter. For genotype A the loss for litters was 1, 49 piglets and for genotype B it was 0,84 piglets for litter. There was also valid statistics prove of positive correlation between number of piglets that were born alive and number of reared piglets, however highly provable positive correlation between number of piglets born in litter and lose of piglets before weaning was established only for genotype A. When gender taken into account higher mortality of female piglet for genotype A 9,22 % than for genotype B 3,76 %. In case of male piglet the difference was not so striking 10,92 % for genotype A and 7,37 % for genotype B. The overall loss of male piglets was 5,31 % higher than for females piglets. Average postnatal weight of dead piglets did not differ for both genotypes too much (1,06 kg A, 1,02 kg B). Statistically unprovable difference was established for evaluation of postnatal weigh of dead piglets with opposite sex. During evaluation of number of piglets born alive in litter based on order of litter was established statistically provable difference between the first and the third litter and highly statistically provable difference between the second litter and the third litter. There was highly provable statistic difference in number of reared piglets between the third and the fourth litter. Highly provable statistic difference in number of dead piglets on litter between the first and the fourth litter and also between the second and the fourth litter was established. In a lose percentage was established statistically provable difference only between the second and the fourth litter.
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Vitalita semen obilnin a její souvislost s výnosem zrna v podmínkách sucha
Bucková, Pavlína
The seed vigour as the ability to germinate under unfavorable conditions is one of the basic prerequisites for achieving a high yield of the crop. The goal of breeding is to select genotypes with the highest vitality to guarantee good offspring even in unfavo-rable conditions. In 2017, six genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. and selected plants of their offspring were evaluated. Seed vigour was evaluated for reduced water availability and cold. Drought was simulated by a reduced water -0.5 MPa in aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) solution and the temperature was maintained at 10 °C. It was found out how the genotype affects seed vigour and yield. According to the results of the ANOVA genotype has no statistically significant effect on seed vigour or on yield. However, according to the correlation results, the higher seed vigour after 14 days of germination under unfavorable conditions could be associated with higher grain yields. Genetic variability is 20 % of the phenotypic variability of the seed vigour sign.
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Faktory ovlivňující množství a kvalitu silice v rodu Origanum L. (dobromysl)
Gricová, Martina
Bachelor thesis, written on Factors influencing the quantity and the quality of essential oil in the genus Origanum L. (Dobromysl), is an enumeration of Czech and foreign information regarding to description of the genus. The literary part is dedicated to taxonomy, botanical description, expansion, morpohology and ecology of the genus. Part of the thesis is a description of the taxa cultivated in The experimental garden of ZF MENDELU in Lednice. The quantity and the quality of the essential oils are assessed from the point of view of both internal and external factors (genotype, ontogenesis, phenology, climatic influence, fertilization, composting) and from the way of harvesting and post-harvest treatment. Key words: Origanum, essential oil, genotype, phenology, fertilization
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Detection and genotypisation of Helicobacter pylori strains in Waldeyers lymphatic tissue and its relationship to the formation of pathologies in this area
Nártová, Eva ; Astl, Jaromír (advisor) ; Smilek, Pavel (referee) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim ofthis study was to reveal the presence ofHelicobacter pylori (HP) in the Waldeyers lymphatic tissue in the group ofchildren and adults, along with its possible role in the etiology of tonsillar carcinoma and benign diseases (chronic tonsillitis, OSAS, adenoids). In our study we have confirmed the hypothesis that HP is presented m the Waldeyers lymphatic tissue. as well as in the stomach and that the oropharynx and epipharynx are the an extragastric reservoir ofHP. Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue in the stomach is similar to lymphatic tissue ofWaldeyer ring. These conditions can be very favourable for the survival ofHP and thus can promote inflammation changes and immune changes as well as in the stomach. ln our study, using the real-time PCR method we have detected high incidence ofHP DNA in adenoids and tonsillar tissue. ln the group ofbenign diseases, the most frequent genotypes were CagA VacAsIbm1 and CagA-VacAslbm2. In the group of patients with tonsillar carcinoma, the most frequent genotype was CagA-VacAslbml. Genotyping identified strains ofHP showed differences in comparison with the predominant strains which are most frequently found in the stomach. Genotypic analysis ofI-IP strains showed that the less prevalent virulent strains ofHP, known as cagA negative and vacA positive....
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Detection and variation of the crayfish plague pathogen in selected crayfish populations
Mojžišová, Michaela ; Petrusek, Adam (advisor) ; Buřič, Miloš (referee)
Crayfish plague is an emerging disease caused by the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci, a pathogen listed among the 100 World's Worst Invasive Alien Species. It was introduced into Europe in the second half of 19th century from North America and caused collapses of European native crayfish populations. Nowadays, A. astaci is widespread in Europe and has spread also to other parts of the world, threatening all susceptible crayfish of non-North American origin. The aims of this MSc thesis were 1) to provide information about crayfish plague outbreaks from recent years, and by using microsatellite and mtDNA markers reveal A. astaci genotypes involved; 2) to test healthy-looking indigenous crayfish for potential occurrence of chronic infections by A. astaci in Czechia. Six new crayfish plague outbreaks were confirmed from 2016 to 2018, involving at least five distinct pathogen strains. My results provide first evidence of the A. astaci genotype group D causing Astacus astacus and Austropotamobius torrentium mass mortalities in Czechia. MtDNA sequencing revealed two haplotypes of the D haplogroup, indicating two independent sources of infection presumably either from ornamental crayfish or spreading from neighbouring countries. The genotype group A was recorded in two A. astacus mortalities and genotype group...
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Human parvovirus B19 genotype study among the patients of Motol Univeristy Hospital
Dubišová, Mária ; Hubáček, Petr (advisor) ; Limberková, Radomíra (referee)
Parvovirus B19 is a common human pathogen that typically infects erythroid progenitors and causes hematological problems such as anemia and aplastic crises. The clinical presentation depends mainly on the immunological status of the patient. PVB19 can cause serious clinical disorders in immunocompromised patients after transplantation. More than 1500 samples from 90 patients who passed the HSCT in 2015 were tested for the presence of PVB19 in this work. This work describes the incidence of the virus and two typical periods of onset of infection in patients after the transplantation. Although several sources report the negative effect of PVB19 infection on the survival of allogeneic graft patients, this work did not confirm this assertion. Also, the results of this work suggest that allogenic grafts are not the main source for transmission, but that it is likely to be reactivated after long-term persistent or latent PVB19 infections. PVB19 is divided into 3 genotypes. Genotype 1 is the most widespread, genotype 2 is very rare in Europe for the last 10 years, and genotype 3 occurs mainly in tropical localities. This work as the first describes the distribution of genotypes in the Czech Republic. More than 130 samples from 125 PVB19 positive patients, stored in the Motol University Hospital from 2004...
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