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Analysis of primary photosynthetic processes in conifers: A comparison of selected methods and their possible utilisation for the study of genetic variability
Palovská, Markéta ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Albrechtová, Jana (referee)
Conifers are important both ecologically and socioeconomically, however, same parts of their biology are not that well researched. This includes genetics and breeding and partly even physiology. Because quantitative genetic analyzes applied in breeding necessitate an analysis of a large number of samples, and conventional methods of analysis are quite time-consuming, certain parameters describing e.g. the activity of photosynthetic electron-transport chain (ETC) are considered for such use. Several methods of the measurement of the activity of photosynthetic ETC exist, but there are some problems with their usage in conifers. I studied this issue from different points of view in three parts of this thesis. 1) I compared the photosynthetic ETC activity in 8 species of conifers using chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence measurements on intact needles and polarographic measurements in isolated chloroplasts. Each method brought different information. 2) I measured Chl fluorescence parameters, reflectance spectra and pigment content in 536 genetically defined trees of Pinus sylvestris L. Many parameters showed relatively high genetic variability and heritability. I have also determined the suitability of various reflectance indices to estimate pigment and water content of needles. 3) I have optimized the...
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Možnosti biotechnologií u konopí
Šenkyřík, Josef Baltazar
Theoretical part of the thesis Possibilities of Biotechnology for Cannabis deals with morphological, taxonomic and genetic characterization of Cannabis genus and presents an overview of biotechnological methods employed in scientific research of Cannabis. Aim of the experiment itself was to analyze genetic variability between particular genotypes of Cannabis. Six mixed Cannabis samples were analyzed using 8 microsatellite markers based on PCR. Twenty-three alleles with diameter of 2,88 per locus, whose size varied from 140 to 240 bp. The largest number of alleles was found in markers CAN0039 and CAN0093. Values of diversity index (DI), polymorphic information content (PIC) and probability index (PI) were calculated for each of the microsatellites and based on statistical evaluation, a dendrogram of similarity was determined. The results show applicability of microsatellite markers for analysis of genetic variability in Cannabis.
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Molekulární fylogeneze a genetická diverzita nejbližších příbuzných rodu Pisum
Sedláková, Veronika
During the process of domestication and selection reduction of genetic diversity of cultivated crops occurred. Currently the main interest of breeders is to transfer some of crop wild relatives’ genes to cultivated crops. Those genes of interest are related e.g. with desease and pest resistance or drought resistance. Hybridization of wild and cultivated species is prevented by reproductive isolation. The frequent phonomenon in hybrids is called nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility, which is manifested by reduced fertility, sterility or lethality. In this phenomenon occurs conflict between nuclear-encoded genes with genes encoded in the organellar genomes. The identified accD candidate gene responsible for nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility in pea is highly variable due to insertions and deletions. High variability of the accD gene was also confirmed in the genera Lathyrus and Vicia. Variability was observed in gene sequence lenghts caused by presence of indels and single nucleotide polymorphisms. In comparative analysis with other regions of cpDNA commonly used in phylogenetics, the region of the accD gene had the highest value of parsimonially informative sites. The phylogeny derived from the region of the accD gene corresponds to the phylogeny based on combined chloroplast markers, therefore the accD gene may be suitable for this type of analysis.
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Studium variability DNA u tribu Triticeae
Vintrlíková, Nikola
This work is focused on the study of genetic variability of chosen genotypes of tribus Triticeae. 9 genotypes of common wheat and 2 genotypes of tritordeum by 12 microsa-tellite markers were studied. We found 71 alleles whose size ranged from 110 to 260 bp. For every SSR marker were calculated the diversity index (DI), the probability of identi-ty (PI) and the polymorphic information content (PIC). Dendrogram was constructed on base of statistical evaluation The genotypes of tritordeum were statistically significantly separated from wheat genotypes. Individual plants from 2 crosses between wheat and tri-tordeum using highly polymorphic marker Xbarc077 were analyzed. Results show that the crossing was successful only for one set of analyzed plants (JB1 × Elly). SSR markers are useful for detecting genetic variability in the Triticeae tribe and detecting the success of hybridization.
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Analýza genetické variability konopí pomocí DNA markerů
Balgová, Barbora
This thesis is focused on analysis of genetic variability of Cannabis sativa L. and sequencing of the candidate genome sequences in selected varieties of Cannabis. In total there were 28 genotypes of hemp were analyzed with 23 microsatellite markers.107 alleles were found whose size ranged from 100 to 360 bp. Uniform marker was detected (CAN1660). The diversity index (DI), the polymorphic information content (PIC) and the probability of identity (PI) were calculated for every microsatellite marker. Similarity dendrogram was constructed on base of statistical evaluation. The specific primer for the patrial sequences of cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDA) gene and the specific complete for the sequences of tethrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCA) gene were used for the sequences study. Gained sequences were compared by BLAST. Most sequences had 100% match with sequences in the available databases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in the sequences of CBDA synthase. One sequences that did not belong to the genus Cannabis was detected. All obtained sequences will be inserted into the NCBI database and access number will be assigned.
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Resynthesis of oilseed rape from Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea
Klíma, Miroslav ; Hilgert-Delgado, Alois ; Ulvrová, Tereza ; Bryxová, Pavla ; Vítámvás, Pavel ; Prášil, Ilja Tom ; Kosová, Klára
In order to extend the variability of the genofond, so-called resynthesis can be used, when new genotypes are created by crossing selected Brassica rapa and B. oleracea, by early isolation of immature embryos from young eggs and their in vitro fertilization (Hilgert-Delgado et al., 2015). It has been shown that resyntetized genotypes are distinct from rape materials grown at present (Sosnowska et al., 2010), so that they can serve as a source of new variability in breeding programs focusing on cytoplasmic and pollen sterility, resistance to pathogens and tolerance to stresses (Warwick et al., 2009). Representatives of the initial components are characterized by wide variability in terms of morphology and agronomic characteristics, and are a prospective source of heterosis and other traits (Wu et al. The use of resyntetized genotypes for the direct production of rapeseed varieties is not possible due to the poor quality of the seed of these materials. It is mainly the high content of glucosinolates and erucic acid, typical of most of the initial components (Jesske et al., 2013). However, the required properties can be transferred by crossing to conventional breeding materials (Hilgert-Delgado et al., 2017).
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Pharmacogenetics in rheumatology - role of miRNAs
Vicherková, Petra ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Doseděl, Martin (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmacology and toxicology Candidate: Bc. Petra Vicherková Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Pharmacogenetics in rheumatology - role of miRNA Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes progressive joint damage and can result in to life-long depreciation of life. The influence on the onset and course of the disease is not only genetic, but due to the heterogeneous character of the disease, it is also strongly influenced by lifestyle. This disease, based on the malfunction of our immune system in RA, is still incurable. The treatment of RA uses conventional synthetic drugs as well as biological treatment. To diagnose the effect of anti-rheumatic therapy, monitoring and evaluating the response to treatment is necessary. Important indicators of RA activity, functional status, quality of life, and structural progression of the disease are important. In clinical practice, we use DAS 28 composite system according to recommendation of ČRS. Recent discoveries in the area of diagnostics raise the question of whether some miRNAs could be appropriate biomarkers of RA progression. In my diploma thesis, I summarize available knowledge in this field, obtained from...
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Studium polymorfizmu DNA konopí
Balgová, Barbora
This work is focused on the study of genetic variability between Cannabis samples. 22 genotypes of hemp were analyzed with 24 microsatellite markers based on PCR. We found 105 alleles whose size ranged from 100 to 320bp. Uniform marker was detected (CAN1690B) and this marker was not suitable for identification genotypes of Cannabis. The diversity index (DI), the polymorphic information content (PIC) and the probability of identity (PI) were calculated for every microsatellite marker. Dendrogram of similarity was constructed based on statistical evaluation. The samples of industrial hemp varieties and Cannabis sativa were separated from other genotypes. Results showed usefulness of microsatellite markers for detection of genetic diversity in Cannabis.
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Genetic variability of the genus Alburnoides in Azerbaijan
Omelchenko, Dmytro ; Švátora, Miroslav (advisor) ; Vukićová, Jasna (referee)
The Caucasus region is characterized by high rate of endemism and taxa richness of fishes. Azerbaijan is a country situated on the border between Europe and Asia with rivers flowing in the Caspian Sea. Natural environment of this country is represented by various habitats with diverse ichthyofauna. This region is very attractive for biogeographical studies because it lays on the border of two different ecoregions. Even on the modern stage of scientific cognition, there is still lack of data about freshwater fishes from that region. Spirlins or rifle-minnows (Alburnoides Jeitteles, 1861, Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) is a genus of small freshwater fishes and it has been chosen as a focus of this thesis because of numerous reports of new species from surrounding countries. The presented thesis is one of the seldom molecular studies trying to reveal the taxonomical situation within the genus Alburnoides, describe the phylogenetic relationships between geographically isolated populations, and provide biogeographical implications for fishes in the Caspian Sea river basins. Both mitochondrial (cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (RAG1, rhodopsin) markers were used in the study and the Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were performed. Further, the...
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