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Possibilities of ex situ protection of rare and endangered plant species
Vítová, Jana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Dostálek, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to present the possibilities, significance and possible problems of ex-situ protection for the future conservation of biodiversity of plants on Earth. In the introductory part of the thesis, the individual processes and programs of ex situ protection are described, with the help of literature search. At the same time, information on international cooperation in the field of seed banks and botanical gardens is presented, which, through their activities and mutual cooperation, create rescue programs to secure as many samples of plant material for possible future use. The work also mentions international plant databases, which provide the accurate and detailed information about the preserved material of rare and endangered plant species for the public. Further in the thesis, the currently known problems of ex situ protection with their impacts on the collected and stored material are mapped. Keywords Ex situ conservation, threatened plants, Ministry of the Environment, database, seed dormancy, inbreeding, outbreed depression, cultivation, seed bank, botanical gardens, tissue cultures, in vitro, genetic drift, mutation, hybridization, wildlife conservation, endangered species, threatened species
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Historický vývoj a vegetační změny nivy dolního úseku řeky Labe
ROTTENBORN, Jan
This work has been divided into two main sections theoretical and research sections. The theoretical section focuses on the bases for the studied issue. It mainly defines a floodplain and wider space of a river and presents development of recognition of processes, which we refer to as vegetation development and dynamics. These range from the theory of plant succession to vegetation succession in view of the significantly distributed environment. And it also shows how a one-sided view of the effect of a river on vegetation with recognition changed only after the biogemorphic approach, when all described parts are mutually related. Today no one will be surprised that vegetation also influences geomorphic processes, such as erosion and sedimentation, and that this view of the issue has been through its own development. The next part of the work presents the monitored territory and characterises natural phenomena, such as geomorphology, geology, hydrology and selected environmental characteristics (potential vegetation, climate, phytocelonology and phytogeography). It also summarises all available botanical data regarding the territory and familiarises the reader with the history and current status of botanical research. The final part of the work presents known changes which have occurred in the floodplain in the recent period (over several centuries). These mainly include changes in the manifestation of the river, indicated by changed oscillation of the water level, adjustments to the river bed and floodplain as such, along with pollution and eutrophisation of the river, a change to generic class (entry of neophytes and plant invasion) and a change to floodplain management. The research section is divided into four parts, which correspond to published or soon-to-be-published articles. The first collects all available data about historical species composition, compares them with the current situation and tries to put them into context with the changes that have occurred and area occurring in the floodplain. The second (and from my point of view crucial) part is based on long-term collection of data at permanent monitoring points. A large number of collected images (more than 700) include a large amount of information about the current composition of vegetation and make it possible to compare year-to-year changes, put them into context with changes in monitored abiotic factors and estimate the frequency of the processes that occur on gravel days. The third part focuses on the Corrigiola litoralis, known by its common name strapwort, which, as has already been stated in the introduction, is a critically endangered species and is also very characteristic for the studied groups. This part attempts if possible to present in the most effective way this species, its biology and changes in its population and to identify potential threats as well as opportunities. The fourth final part attempts to show other options for examination of vegetation changes. It uses the resources of geographical information systems. It presents examples of how the river flow in a relatively short period of time in a "little regulated" part has changed and how vegetation reacts to it. It uses both historical map data and modern aerial shots adjusted to orthophotographs.
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Reintroduction of butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Štochlová, Tereza ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Straka, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with one of the active means of conservation - reintroduction. By this ap- proach, organisms are released in their historical range from which they have disappeared. Re- introductions typically concern vertebrates, that is, however, why this thesis focuses on a group of invertebrates - butterflies (Rhopalocera). The main aim of this work is to carry out a research of previous experiments, evaluate used methods and discover the best way to proceed with reintroduction of butterflies. This process contains many important steps. Firstly, a suitable species must be chosen, that means one that is declining and has limited dispersal abilities. Secondly, an appropriate habitat for releasing organisms must be found - host plants ought to be sufficiently abundant and the area big enough. If the habitat quality is not satisfactory, it can be achieved through management, most commonly by planting host plants, mowing or grazing. Next step is choosing the right donor population. It should be stable, genetically variable, and genetically and ecologically related to the original extinct population. After transfer and release of sufficient number of organisms, it is crucial to carry out a long-term monitoring of the newly formed population and to modify its management when necessary. All methods...
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Distribution, ecology and conservation of critically endangered Alcon Blue (Phengaris alcon f. alcon) in the Czech Republic
Kupková, Barbora ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Pech, Pavel (referee)
The state of the populations of many insects is critical in the Czech Republic, other species have already extinct. Among the species balancing at the limit of survival is myrmecophilus Alcon Blue (Phengaris alcon), especially its ecological form (P. alcon f. alcon), which is associated with the Marsh Gentian (Gentiana pneumonanthe) during the early larval stages. The general aim of my work was to evaluate the current distribution of the Alcon Blue butterfly (P. alcon f. alcon) in the Czech Republic, to estimate the size of the remaining populations and to propose a practical action plan for conservation of the species in the Czech Republic. The analysis of the databases showed that the species survives theoretically in 11 localities. The field survey in 2016 revealed, however, that at five other sites a species in the recent past was extinct. The remaining 6 localities are concentrated in Southwestern Bohemia on a total area of only 20 hectares. Two population is however close to extinction. The cause of local extinction of Alcon Blues was the extinction of host plants. The main factors influencing the size of butterfly populations in the last localities were the abundace and vitality of host plants (number of fertile shoots, height). Part of my work was an attempt to reintroduce Alcon Blue to a...
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Report on the status of the burbot populations in the Karhov, Lučina, Nýrsko and Zhejral reservoirs and Obecník Pond in 2016
Blabolil, Petr ; Jůza, Tomáš ; Matěna, Josef ; Muška, Milan ; Peterka, Jiří ; Říha, Milan ; Vejřík, Lukáš
The aim of the study was to monitor the burbot populations in four reservoirs and in a pond with previous stocking. The monitoring was carried out during the spring season 2016 and, in the case of the Nýrsko Reservoir, during winter and summer as well. The combination of harmless methods (traps of two types, visual survay, electrofishing, hydroacoustic), a method simulating fishing pressure (long-lines) and a fix-frame trawl were used to detect burbot. A novel monitoring scheme was developet and validated and burbot populatin characteristics described.
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Population viability analysis of endangered species in Czech Republic
Šťastná, Andrea ; Helman, Karel (advisor) ; Bašta, Milan (referee)
Diploma thesis analyzes the viability of the selected species populations in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part contains a stochastic model simulating possible scenarios of the Eurasian lynx population size in the Czech Republic. For this model program Vortex was used. The second part is focused on Time series analysis of the Grey Partridge and the Common Kingfisher population, where data was obtained from the Czech Society for Ornithology. This analysis aims on identification of factors that may affect the viability of the two bird species.
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Diversity and taxonomy of Steccherinum in the Czech Republic
Geigerová, Tereza ; Koukol, Ondřej (advisor) ; Borovička, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with geographical distribution and taxonomy of Steccherinum genus in the Czech Republic. Members of this genus are corticioid fungi of Meruliaceae family, characterized by odontioid hymenophore, small spores and encrusted pseudocystidia. Presence of nine species was confirmed in Czech Republic on the basis of herbarium specimen revision and study of my own collections. Analysis of ITS and LSU nrDNA gene regions was used to create phylogenetic trees. These trees show relations in Steccherinum genus and related species. Selected traits in specimens of S. ochraceum s. l. (number of spines, their length, spore size and pseudocystidia size) were measured. This was followed by investigation of morphological variability in individual specimens and in relationship to ecological conditions (substrate and elevation). Morphology of selected individuals was compared with molecular data afterwards. Two clades were defined in S. ochraceum s. l. - existing differences between them are presumably caused by intraspecific genetic variability. S. rhois could not be separated as individual species on the basis of phylogenetic analysis. Dependence of fruiting body morphology on ecological conditions wasn't supported by results. Maps of geographic distribution of individual species of Steccherinum genus are...
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Human preference to animal species and its impact on species conservation
Marešová, Jana ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Komárek, Stanislav (referee) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
The dissertation thesis deals with human aesthetic preference to other species and its anthropological and conservation aspect. The aesthetic preference to animal species has rarely been systematically studied before and quantitative analyses, especially on a fine taxonomic scale did not exist. On the other hand, it was known that attractive species often receive more support for their conservation. From these simple facts rose the idea to test human aesthetic preference to snake species (and consequently to species across major vertebrate taxa) and use this quantified preference to explain the conservation effort devoted to captive breeding worldwide (measured as size of zoo populations). We confirmed that the perceived attractiveness (preference and/or species' body size) succesfully predicts the size of zoo populations across mammal, bird and reptile taxa. On contrary, we found no effect of the IUCN listing of the species. To find out whether we work with Czech students' preference only or we may generalize to other populations, we carried out the same experiment to determine human preference to boas and pythons in eight cultures of five continents. Despite profound differences of the studied ethnics, we revealed a considerable agreement. Moreover, we found an agreement between pre-school...
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