|
|
Detection of Diseases of Diabetes on the Human Eye Retina
Sýkorová, Tereza ; Semerád, Lukáš (referee) ; Drahanský, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the detection of the symptoms of diabetic retinopathy at retinal images taken by a digital fundus camera. Optic disc, fovea, and blood vessels are found before searching for exudates and hemorrhages. This step improves final detection. The detector uses morphological reconstruction of a candidate region for determination of specific lesions. An algorithm based on thresholding precises its edges. Found regions are classified according to shape and color. Evaluation of detection was done using 120 images selected from three databases. Adding automatic detection of signs of diabetic retinopathy into equipment for retinal screening can help medical doctors in diagnosis and prevent possible vision loss which the disease can cause.
|
|
|
Diabetic retinopathy from the perspective of nurse.
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Petra
In the introduction to the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis we deal with the characteristics of diabetic retinopathy, the risk factors, diagnostics and treatment. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus nowadays. It is a damage of retinal vessels as a subsequence of hyperglycaemia. High value of glycosylated haemoglobin causes tissue hypoxia and leads to neovascularisation of vessels. These neovascular vessels are often imperfect and their wall is a frequent cause of oedemas and bleeding. Diabetic retinopathy has several forms, which lead to major and irreversible sight damages in diabetics. It can lead to total blindness in the final stage. Special care of a diabetic requires a complex interdisciplinary cooperation of an internist, a diabetologist and also an ophthalmologist. There are various subjective symptoms of diabetic retinopathy, from an asymptomatic course via a sight quality alteration, seeing wavy image, light flashes, flying flakes in the field of vision with gradual painless declination of sight. Unless diabetic retinopathy affects macula (the point of the sharpest sight) diabetic retinopathy is really asymptomatic, which proves its insidiousness and seriousness.The goal of the thesis was to determine the specifics of nursing care of patients with diabetic retinopathy. A research question, what specifics of the care of patients with diabetic retinopathy general nurses knew, was chosen to achieve the goal. A qualitative research method was chosen for the bachelor thesis. A semi-structured interview was prepared in advance. Before starting the research itself an application for permission of the research in a healthcare facility in Prague was lodged. This application was accepted by the vice-director for health care of the clinic and by the head nurse of the ophthalmology department where the research was performed. The research was performed in March 2016. General nurses working at the ophthalmology department of a Prague hospital were the respondents. The interviews were held individually after prior consent of the questioned nurses. The interview was based on 12 prepared questions chosen on the base of literature studied in advance. The nurses agreed with recording of the interviews, then the interviews were transcribed literally and printed. The obtained data was then processed by means of the paper and pencil method and categories and subcategories were produced. Four categories were produced from the questions and answers, which were subsequently divided into several subcategories.The research sample for the qualitative research consisted of ten general nurses. The selection of the research sample was intentional as working at an ophthalmology department was the criterion for preparation of the interview.We may conclude from the research results that the general nurses from the ophthalmology department where the research was held provide patients with diabetic retinopathy with quality nursing care. The knowledge of the causes of the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy, the risks factors of diabetic retinopathy and possible symptoms of diabetic retinopathy is good among the nurses. The nurses are aware of and are familiar with the specifics of the nursing care of patients with diabetic retinopathy and are able to apply such specifics in the practice.The bachelor theses was conceived to provide an insight into diabetic retinopathy and the problems of the care of patients with diabetic retinopathy. It may also be used as a source of information for nurses that care of patients with diabetic retinopathy. A proposal for an interdisciplinary seminar aimed at the problems of the care of a patient with diabetic retinopathy at an ophthalmology department is a practical output of this work.
|
|
|
Potential of stem cell therapy for diabetic retinopathy
Palacká, Kateřina ; Holáň, Vladimír (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Tereza (referee)
Diabetic retinopathy is retinal disease causing irreversible cell damage and consequently a loss of vision. Current treatment protocols have many limitations and are associated with serious site effects. A possible treatment options for retinal degenerative diseases is a use of stem cells. There are different types of stem cells. These include embryonal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and cells from an adult organism, among which we can include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs can be found in almost all tissues of the adult organism. MSCs can migrate to the site of damage, regulate development of inflammation in retina, suppress the formation of fibrovascular scars and replace damaged cells such as nerve cells, photoreceptors and epithelial pigment cells. Application of MSCs could be a promising treatment for degenerative retinal diseases.
|
|
|
Research of vitreous and vitreoretinal interface in microvascular retinal disorders focussed on eye complications of diabetes mellitus
Křížová, Libuše ; Zima, Tomáš (advisor) ; Průša, Richard (referee) ; Sosna, Tomáš (referee)
In this work I present conclusions of clinical-laboratory research focused on the patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). We performed biochemical and immunochemical analyses of vitreous samples that were collected during the pars plana vitrectomy. Moreover, at patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) we assessed morphological characteristics of DME using optical coherence tomography (OCT). According to our findings, the vitreous and serum concentrations of uric acid and glucose were significantly higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy and DME compared to controls. Also total ratio (serum/ vitreous concentration) of uric acid and glucose was in diabetics significantly higher than in controls. The most important determinant of increasing concentration of both uric acid and glucose in the vitreous was the grade of diabetic retinopathy. Moreover, we demonstrated significant correlation between vitreous concentration of uric acid and concentration of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with DME and NPDR. We found further, that the volume of the macula (cube volume - CV) computed with the software of Cirrus HD-OCT correlates in diabetics significantly with the vitreous VEGF concentration, but not with uric acid. This OCT parameter could be used to...
|
|
|
The Incidence of Complications in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Korytenská, Kristýna ; Pavlíková, Pavla (advisor) ; Hrdličková, Renáta (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis deals with the occurrence of complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this bachelor thesis is determine which acute and chronic complications prevail in relation to gender, type of diabetes and duration of diabetes. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part of the thesis I described themselves diabetes mellitus, types of diabetes mellitus, acute complications and chronic complications. Among the acute complications include hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Chronic complications are divided into specific and nonspecific. In the empirical part, I followed the incidence of complications. I realized quantitative research using questionnaires. The questionnaire was own of design. Participated in this research 78 respondents who were acquired in diabetes clinics. I divided respondents into subsequent categories: women with type I diabetes, women with type II diabetes, men with type I diabetes and men with type II diabetes. The thesis results that, overall acute and chronic complications suffered total 41 % of respondents. The most common complication of acute hyperglycemia reported 25.6 % of respondents. The most common complications were chronic diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy, each with 6.5% of respondents. Keywords:...
|
|
|
Automatic detection of microaneurysms in fundus images
Klímová, Markéta ; Walek, Petr (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
Diabetic retinopathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. It develops as a result of total damage of vessels caused by hyperglycemia and it is one of major causes of blindness. The microaneurysms are the first clinically observed pathologies of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to propose and to implement an automated microaneurysm detector. Teoretical part describes the eye anatomy, diabetic retinopathy and some existing methods of automated detection. Next the implemented solution is described and the results of the detectin are evaluated.
|
|
|
Microaneurysms and hemorrhages detection in retinal images
Tobiášová, Nela ; Štohanzlová, Petra (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
Diabetic retinopathy is a serious eye complication of diabetes mellitus and one of the major causes of blindness in the world. The microaneurysms and the haemorrhages are the pathologies of diabetic retinopathy. Their detection can halt or reverse the progression of this disease and prevent blindness. The algorithms could be helpful to ophthalmologists. This bacherol’s thesis is concerned with the detection of microaneurysms and haemorrhages in fundus images. The diabetic retinopathy, the types of lesions and the treatment methods are described in the first part of the paper. Existing methods are described as follows. The practical part of this work is aimed at the proposal and the detection of the red lesions. It consists of several steps, such as selecting the correct channel of RGB images, using local methods of contrast enhancement, edge detection, thresholding, creating a training set of the feature vector and the classification with the use of the neutral network.
|
|
|
Hard and soft exudates detection in retinal images
Válková, Hana ; Lamoš, Martin (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
The thesis deals with automatic detection of soft and hard exudates in retinal images of the human eye. In its introduction the thesis describes the issue of diabetes in relation to the damage to the retina of the eye. What is described in the first place is diabetic retinopathy, its symptoms and progression of the disease. Another section is devoted to describing DIARETDB1, the freely accessible database which besides other things contains a set of images showing various degrees of disease, evaluation of images from the experts and the evaluation protocol. The next section discusses several methods for automatic detection of hard and soft exudates. The practical part of the bachelor’s thesis is aimed at image pre-processing with respect to the normalization of retinal images, the selected method for adaptive transformation of contrast was implemented. This part also containts description of chosen methology of thresholding, feature extraction based on lesions intensity and its surroundings, use of Ho Kashyap classifier is described, classification of lesions in images is followed. In conclusion realized methods is evaluated.
|
|
|
Criterial function for retinal image registration
Horáková, Pavla ; Kolář, Radim (referee) ; Harabiš, Vratislav (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis is focused on comparison criterial functions, which are usually used in registration of retinal images. Criterial functions reflect degree of images’ sameness thereby they influence proper registration considerably. The aim of this thesis is to discover criterial function, which is the best for image registration of retina. Registration of images is very difficult; it is important to get some informations such as an uniqueness or a shape of function.
|
|
| |
guest ::
