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The influence of school meals and family on the development of overweight and childhood obesity
Skřivanová, Eliška ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Weidenthalerová, Edita (referee)
Currently childhood obesity has reached epidemiological levels and can be considered one of the world's biggest problems. The probability of an obese child becoming an obese adult is dangerously high. These children are also more likely to develop health risks. The mechanism of development of obesity is conditioned by a number of factors. These are most often genetic factors, whilst their environment also plays a large role. In this case the influence of the family and the preferred lifestyle, which plays a significant part in the development of obesity, may be a factor. Early treatment and detection is important to prevent future issues with weight and serious health risks. However in order for obesity to be treated, it must first be diagnosed, the so-called diagnosis of childhood obesity. School meals in Czech Republic are considered to be one of the most advanced in Europe. It is not about providing a sufficiently strict diet, it also pays attention to variety, balance of dishes and dining culture. School meals must comply with the legislation, comply with financial limits and follow nutritional standards, respectively a consumer basket that sets out the required quantity of ten food commodities per pupil a day and these have to be adhered to within one month. The environment of prevention...
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Family socioeconomic status and its impact on the development of childhood obesity
Nováková, Veronika ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; Hrnčířová, Dana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of childhood obesity - family socioeconomic status and its impact on the development of childhood obesity. The theoretical part of this diploma thesis deals with childhood obesity in general - definition, classification according to etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnostics, health complications, prevention and treatment. Subsequently, this diploma thesis deals with the relationship between childhood obesity and socioeconomic status - impact of socioeconomic inequalities , impact of parents. The practical part of this diploma thesis is based on an anonymous questionnaire survey, which is focused on family socioeconomis status and its impact on nutritional status and nutritional habits of child. The survey was realized from October 2020 to February 2021. The questionnaire survey was distributed to five primary schools (located in Prague and Prague-East District) and was also published via a social network Facebook. The survey was targeted at trird grade students (116 students, 56 % boys, 44 % girls) and their parents (the respondents). The obtained data was evaluated using the program RůstCZ (child's BMI percentile) and the program R (statistical analysis). Relationships between pairs of categorical variables were evaluated by Fisher's exact test. The...
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The influence of irregular diet and exercise on the development of childhood obesity
Horáčková, Simona ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Weidenthalerová, Edita (referee)
The topic of this bachelor's thesis is childhood obesity, which is currently still a major challenge not only in Czech pediatrics. The work focuses mainly on the connection between childhood obesity and irregular eating and exercise regime of children of younger school age. The theoretical part focuses on the prevalence of childhood obesity, health risks associated with it, factors influencing the development of childhood obesity, and also on the possibilities related to both nutritional and exercise recommendations. Chapter 1.9 additionally deals with the epidemiological situation of Covid-19 related to the introduction of various regime measures, having an impact on the diet and exercise regime of children. The main goal of the practical part is to find out what are the eating and exercise habits of children of younger school age. Furthermore, to compare the role of the frequency of individual habits with the weight percentile of children and also to point out the risky behavior of children and parents in connection with weight gain in children and to recommend appropriate interventions. In the practical part, the results from an anonymous, quantitative questionnaire survey, which was intended for parents of children of younger school age (6-11 years), are first evaluated both graphically and in...
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Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity
Šmídová, Radka ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
Diploma thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part. I dedicated the theoretical part not only to prenatal and perinatal obesity risk factors, but also to diagnosis, management, health complications and prevention. In the practical part, I described the outcomes of the questionnaire survey dedicated to the mothers of children aged 1-7 years. The aim of this thesis was to find out the occurrence of selected risk factors for childhood obesity. I found out that in my study group, there were some risk factors represented in relatively small quantity (for example smoking during pregnancy, smoking during breastfeeding, gestational diabetes mellitus). Other risk factors, such as mother's or father's obesity were frequent. Some risk factors for childhood obesity are obvious, while others have not yet been proved to be directly related to obesity. However, we can certainly suggest, that the healthy parents' weight, alcohol and nicotine abstinence and exclusive breastfeeding at least until the end of fourth month of life are the factors beneficial not only for the health of the child. Key words: childhood obesity; diet during pregnancy; nutritional programming; obesity prevention; obesity risk factors
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The effect of spa treatment on changes of anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese pediatric patients
Pejšová, Hana ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
Childhood obesity is currently considered a serious pediatric problem. The main risk of this metabolic disease lies in the shift of comorbidities associated with obesity to ever younger age categories. This is also related to the increasing overall cardiometabolic risk in these obese individuals. Early detection and treatment of childhood obesity is an essential task of pediatrics. The possibility of non-pharmacological treatment of childhood obesity is spa treatment. It consists of intensive reduction therapy, which includes nutritional, physical and educational interventions. The aim of the study was to monitor changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters after monthly treatment in pediatric patients. Furthermore, to identify and specify selected potential markers of cardiometabolic risk that significantly correlate with BMI and could be useful in children and adolescents. The thesis also focused in detail on two adipocyte hormones - leptin and adiponectin, which already correlate with the amount of adipose tissue in the pediatric population. These hormones could become significant predictive parameters of metabolic syndrome, subclinical atherosclerosis and other comorbidities associated with obesity and cardiovascular risk, already in children. Based on our measurements we can confirm...
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Psychosocial issues of obesity in childroon
Dlouhá, Lenka ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Drahoňovský, Jan (referee)
Diplomová práce se zabývá obezitou a šikanou dětí mladšího školního věku. V teoretické části jsou vymezeny základní pojmy: obezita, dětská obezita a šikana. Těžiště teoretické části práce tvoří téma psychosociální důsledky obezity u dětí s důrazem na šikanu těchto dětí ve školním prostředí. Praktickou část tvoří výzkumné šetření zaměřené na problematiku obezity a šikany dětí ve školním prostředí. Výzkumné šetření bylo realizováno formou krátkých dotazníků.
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The effect of technologies on physical activity and eatning habits in adolescents
Charvátová, Pavla ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; El-Lababidi, Nabil (referee)
Children's obesity is a global issue. Overweight is associated with many health complications and social inconveniences. The theoretical part is devoted to the general causes of obesity development, complications associated with obesity and treatment of obesity. Physical activity, children's and adolescent's eating habits are discussed in the following chapter. Short parts are devoted to describing the characteristics of adolescents period and modern technologies. The group consisted of 11 adolescents aged from 11 to 18 years. The adolescents were observed for two months. During this period, adolescents recorded physical activity, number of steps, number of hours spent with technologies (mobile phones, computers, tablets, laptops). Each of them also wrote down their eating habits. All eating habits diets were provided evaluated and compared with recommendations. Adolescents were measured twice on a bioimpedance device, their body compositions were determined and evaluated based on their measuring. Research proved that each respondent has shown a change in body composition (ratio between muscle and fat), which did not always show a decrease in total body weight. For adolescents, motivation was caused by borrowed pedometers. But not even thanks to this modern technology, adolescents were not able to...
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Physical activity and sports as an alternative to leisure time spending for children and youth in the era of digital technologies
Pospíšek, Pavel ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Kotherová, Zuzana (referee)
This master thesis aims on the means of how Czech children and youth spend their leisure time. Great focus is also given to attractivness of the activities. The problem addressed by the author in this thesis is the increasing percentage of the prevalence of childhood obesity in the Czech Republic and it's connection with the increase in technological dependency of children and youth. The main goal of this thesis is to describe whether there is a connection between the aforementioned phenomena. Another goal focuses on ways of spending free time and base on author's own research adresses the attractivness of the activities, i.e. which leisure time activities are more and less attractive for children and youth, what children enjoy in their free time and how they really spend it. For these purposes, the author sets up hypotheses in the thesis, the validity of which is addressed by the research questions in order to achieve the main objectives of the work. The author defines the basic concepts for better orientation in the text which is divided into analytical and empirical parts. The author even introduces two new concepts: the online world and the offline world. In the final part of the thesis the author suggests the possibility of connecting the online world and the offline world for further...
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The influence of spa care in the treatment of childhood obesity
Brtníková, Veronika ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karbanová, Martina (referee)
Worldwide, childhood overweight and obesity represents a pandemic. Thus, it is important to discuss this issue and solve it. The theoretical part focuses on the definition and diagnosis of childhood obesity. It also deals with different causes and consequences of weight gain in children. One chapter is dedicated to childhood obesity prevention at national and family level. Finally, treatments provided to cure the affected children are outlined in this bachelor thesis. The practical part focuses on treatment stays for children in Olivova dětská léčebna, o.p.s. during two treatment stays. It deals with the change in body weight and body composition during the stay in medical environment. It also describes different therapies used during these stays - particularly nutrition therapy, sport activities and patient education. Six months after the completion of the treatment stay children's parents or paediatricians were contacted and children's current body height and weight was assessed. These figures were compared with the values the children had when they finished their treatment stay. A part of this study was also the information whether these children see the experts regularly and participate in patient education repeatedly and how these consultations affect the further weight loss. All children lost...
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