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The effect of rainfall on voter turnout: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Kubíková, Kristina ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Existing research suggests that rainfall on election days has, at least under some circumstances, a significant negative effect on voter turnout. The purpose of this thesis is to assess whether this is also the case in the Czech Republic. The results support the hypothesis, with the preferred specification suggesting that one additional millimeter (mm) of precipitation on election day is associated with a drop in turnout rates of around 0.26 to 0.38 percentage points. We find that election type plays a key role in determining the effect of rainfall on voter's participation. For the elections to the Chamber of Deputies, we find evidence of an inverted U-shape relationship, consistent with the notion that small amounts of rain do not play a significant role in an important election, while heavy rain (around 6mm and more) decreases turnout with every additional mm of rain. For the elections to the European Parliament, which are generally perceived as less important, we find turnout to be negatively associated with even smaller amounts of rain: one additional mm of rain is associated with a 0.82 percentage point decrease in the turnout rate. Finally, we study the link between the closeness of the election results, precipitation, and turnout, and we find that for important elections, a close fight...
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Extreme hydrological events in the context of urban planning
Klimeš, Zdeněk ; Dráb, Aleš (referee) ; Duchan, David (advisor)
The purpose of the bachelor thesis was to describe known extreme hydrological events and potential attitudes to minimalize their negative impacts. The thesis was written as literature recherche from different points of view, not only from a one-sided technical or ecological point. It proceeds systematically from describing the historical evolution of the subject matter through the presentation of global ecological problems, outlining the legislative background and the findings from specialised literature, to the examples of current trends. In view of the fact that the issue is so broad, the thesis treats only certain parts in detail. The subject of interest is the demonstration of separate measures against floods and droughts and the effects of their synergy concerning the minimalization of the repercussions of extreme hydrological events.
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Automated area measurement of precipitation intensity via a network of microwave links
Bubniak, Milan ; Pospíšil, Ondřej (referee) ; Musil, Petr (advisor)
Point-to-point microwave links can be utilized as a large sensor network to measure rainfall. This work deals with the application of this procedure in practice. The first part of the thesis deals with atmospheric precipitation in general and standard methods of their measurement; and the propagation of the microwave signal and various causes of its attenuation, focusing on the attenuation caused by rain and the recommendation ITU-R P.838. This is followed by a state of the art summarization of the measurement of rainfall by microwave links. In the second part of the work, a manual procedure for calculating rainfall from microwave link data is performed, taking wet antenna attenuation into account. Then the creation of a support tool in the C# language is being described, which supply the data to the functions of the RAINLINK rainfall calculation library. Several rainfall calculations that are validated by physical rain gauges are performed. Furthermore, the own Telcorain application for rainfall calculation is created in the Python language, based on the pycomlink library. It has a graphical user interface created in PyQt. Several rainfall calculations validated by rain gauges are performed again, and the results are compared with the RAINLINK library.
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The role of atmospheric precipitation in anther dehiscence
Kampová, Anna ; Vosolsobě, Stanislav (advisor) ; Valuchová, Soňa (referee)
Anther dehiscence is an important process taking place at the end of the plant life cycle. This process consists of various follow-up steps which result in anther opening and pollen grains exposure. Good timing of the anther dehiscence must be synchronized with pollen grains maturation and flower opening. Atmospheric precipitation is a high-risk factor for the anther dehiscence. Male fitness of plants can be reduced when anthers open during poor weather conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of atmospheric precipitation, rain and dew, on Arabidopsis arenosa anther dehiscence. We observed that rain and dew led to a postponed final stage of the anther dehiscence. This caused delayed pollen release. The effect of aqueous and nonaqueous environment on the anther dehiscence was also tested. Experiments with transformation of A. arenosa using Agrobacterium tumefaciens were performed. Key words: anther dehiscence, flower opening, rain, dew, Arabidopsis arenosa, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, transformation
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What is the water contribution of fog to atmospheric deposition? Use of stable isotopes.
Hanusková, Darina ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Šantrůček, Jiří (referee)
The objective of the Master thesis is to estimate the fog contribution on atmospheric deposition with the usage of stable isotopes. The crucial part of the thesis was to perform (first of its kind in the Czech Republic) the relative isotope composition 18 O a 2 H of fog. In the same time, the composition of rain and throughfall was performed. The collection of each type of precipitation took place in five sampling points of Academy of Science within three mountain regions including Krkonoše, Šumava and Jizerské Hory during October and November 2017. The sampling took 14 days in total and it was performed by using TC/EA ThermoBremen and mass spectrometer Delta ThermoBremen at South Bohemian University in České Budějovice. The results confirmed that fog is isotopically heavier in comparison to regular rain. As for the relative isotope composition 18 O and 2 H of each areas, no significant difference was observed. Results of the fog participation on atmospheric deposition in Krkonoše and Šumava can be seen after drafting a simple linear mixing model. The fog contribution on atmospheric deposition in Šumava for 18 O is 4,7 % and for 2 H is 6,4 18 O. For one area in Krkonoše, the average participation for 18 O is 3,6 %. Key words: stable isotopes, oxygen, hydrogen, fog
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The role of atmospheric precipitation in anther dehiscence
Kampová, Anna ; Vosolsobě, Stanislav (advisor) ; Valuchová, Soňa (referee)
Anther dehiscence is an important process taking place at the end of the plant life cycle. This process consists of various follow-up steps which result in anther opening and pollen grains exposure. Good timing of the anther dehiscence must be synchronized with pollen grains maturation and flower opening. Atmospheric precipitation is a high-risk factor for the anther dehiscence. Male fitness of plants can be reduced when anthers open during poor weather conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of atmospheric precipitation, rain and dew, on Arabidopsis arenosa anther dehiscence. We observed that rain and dew led to a postponed final stage of the anther dehiscence. This caused delayed pollen release. The effect of aqueous and nonaqueous environment on the anther dehiscence was also tested. Experiments with transformation of A. arenosa using Agrobacterium tumefaciens were performed. Key words: anther dehiscence, flower opening, rain, dew, Arabidopsis arenosa, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, transformation
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Realistic Model of the Sky
Kussior, Zdeněk ; Bílek, Václav (referee) ; Drahanský, Martin (advisor)
The paper describes a theoretical base and realization of realistic volumetric clouds visualization in an environment of real-time simulator. The first part is concerned with a meteorological background of this problem. I show international classification of ten basic cloud types including a short description and cases of occurence. The following part is concerned with an interaction between cloudiness and simulation core, which is based on the fact, that each cloud acts as a mechanical or an electromagnetic obstacle. This should be considered on some way in simulation. The next part describes technologies and practical implementations of visualization and evaluates their characteristics. Finally, the last chapter describes my implementation and tries to outline project advancement.
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What is the water contribution of fog to atmospheric deposition? Use of stable isotopes.
Hanusková, Darina ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Šantrůček, Jiří (referee)
The objective of the Master thesis is to estimate the fog contribution on atmospheric deposition with the usage of stable isotopes. The crucial part of the thesis was to perform (first of its kind in the Czech Republic) the relative isotope composition 18 O a 2 H of fog. In the same time, the composition of rain and throughfall was performed. The collection of each type of precipitation took place in five sampling points of Academy of Science within three mountain regions including Krkonoše, Šumava and Jizerské Hory during October and November 2017. The sampling took 14 days in total and it was performed by using TC/EA ThermoBremen and mass spectrometer Delta ThermoBremen at South Bohemian University in České Budějovice. The results confirmed that fog is isotopically heavier in comparison to regular rain. As for the relative isotope composition 18 O and 2 H of each areas, no significant difference was observed. Results of the fog participation on atmospheric deposition in Krkonoše and Šumava can be seen after drafting a simple linear mixing model. The fog contribution on atmospheric deposition in Šumava for 18 O is 4,7 % and for 2 H is 6,4 18 O. For one area in Krkonoše, the average participation for 18 O is 3,6 %. Key words: stable isotopes, oxygen, hydrogen, fog
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Atmospheric Efects in WebGL
Brydl, Jaroslav ; Lysek, Tomáš (referee) ; Starka, Tomáš (advisor)
This thesis deals with the simulation and rendering of atmospheric effects in WebGL using Three.js application interface. The principles of functioning and implementation of the effects of altering day and night, clouds, snow, rain and shadows are described. Effects are mostly implemented with GLSL shaders that allow easy use across different platforms.
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Disaggregation of rainfall data
Němeček, Václav ; Máca, Petr (advisor) ; Heřmanovský, Martin (referee)
The bachelor thesis studies selected disaggregation methods, which are used for the description of hydrological time series. The literature search provides the survey of important disaggregation methods. The special attention is put on disaggregation method using the Wavelet coefficients. The methods of moment were applied on estimation of parameters for disaggregation model. Variance reduction function were estimated for selected precipitation time series obtained from the MOPEX database.
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