|
|
Informovanost žáků 8. a 9. ročníků základních škol o chronických neinfekčních nemocech
KOLMANOVÁ, Aneta
The aim of this diploma thesis was to assess the current knowledge of the pupils of 8th and 9th grades of primary schools about selected chronical non-infectious diseases (known as civilisation diseases). The pupils of rural and urban types of primary schools have taken part in the questionnaire survey. The theoretical part is focused on the characteristics of selected diseases, their causes and prevention. In the practical part, the results of the survey are processed and evaluated.
|
|
| |
|
|
Netradiční rostlinné oleje ve výživě člověka a jejich zdravotně preventivní význam
HÁLOVÁ, Karolína
The topis of this thesis is focus on the use of an unconvential plant oils in human nutrition. Oils can be produced in different ways. These are mechanical and physical processes that influence the amount of certain functional substances in oils. These substances are presented for example such as tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids and chlorophyll. These oils have a wide range of positive effects on human health. Various studies have shown a connection with the consumption of these oils and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, skin diseases and many others. They have also been confirmed to be of no less importance for the development and maintenance of mental activity. This is also the reason why doctors recommended it in connection with pregnancy and subsequent development of children. Unconventional oils significantly reduce LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol levels. These oils are also used to relieve various types of inflammatory diseases. A significant health preventive effects have been demonstrated, for example, in sea buckthorn oil and safflower oil. The sea buckthorn oil has to treat a wide range of diseases due to the three types of oils with different compositions. Seeds oil is distinctly different of pulp or whole berries oils. Safflower oil is interesting in the treatment of osteoporosis. Consumption of the alternative plant oils is preceded by various civilization diseases.
|
|
|
Risk factors of lifestyle diseases among clients exercise program with elements of functional training
Stránská, Eva ; Kinkorová, Ivana (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Occurrence of the risk factors of civilization diseases in clients of the physical aktivity program with components of functional training. Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the occurrence of risk factors of civilization diseases in a selected group of clients who have been involved in the physical aktivity program with components of functional training (Fitness Svět pod Palmovkou). Methods: The research was attended by 35 probands (women) attending group lessons with components of functional training at Fitness svět pod Palmovkou in Prague. To all probands were measured the basic anthropometric parameters (body height, body weight, BMI, WHR index). Parameters of body composition were determined by BIA (Bodystat QuadScan 4000). For the analysis of selected risk factors was used the blood pressure monitor (Tensoval duo control) and a capillary blood sample was collected invasively (BeneCheck PLUS analyzer) for cholesterol determination. To determine the occurrence of selected diseases in blood relatives, was used the questionnaire - Family anamnesis. We correlated the relationship with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: For the whole observed group (n = 35), there was discovered a significant relationship between family anamnesis of obesity and body weight (r =...
|
|
|
Healthy Lifestyle of Secondary Schools Youth in Teplice
Fürst, Roman ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
The diploma thesis addresses the lifestyle of the high school students in Teplice; in particular their healthy lifestyle. In the theoretical part, basic information about a healthy lifestyle is summarized. At the same time, the lifestyle information is introduced, which relates to healthy diet, eating habits, fluid intake, motion activity and sleep. Furthermore, the determinants harmful to human health are introduced in this part; i.e. alcoholic beverages overconsumption, smoking or excessive mental strain. The practical part is aimed at mapping the major factors of the high school youth's lifestyle in Teplice and to ascertain whether the taught subject focused on health and healthy lifestyle influences the students and their attitude to a healthier lifestyle. I evaluated the questionnaire survey by means of self-made evaluation methods based on the healthy lifestyle principles. The reason was that none of the discovered methods for poll evaluation corresponded with my needs. The results are clearly arranged in the attached tables and demonstrated in the charts. The health based subject taught at school proved to have only a minor impact on the healthy lifestyle of high school students. The appendix includes the sample of the evaluation method created by myself, the questionnaire applied for the...
|
|
|
Attitudes of physitians of the region of the South Bohemia to the unconventional medicine
ČÁBELKOVÁ, Petra
: This thesis focuses on monitoring attitudes of general practitioners in Southern Bohemia toward non-conventional medicine. In its theoretical part, the thesis deals with clarifying the concepts of non-conventional medicine, alternative medicine, and scientific medicine. Furthermore, the thesis describes various approaches to non-conventional medicine. In its practical part I examined the level of knowledge about non-conventional medicine among doctors. The research was conducted through anonymous questionnaires filled in by general practitioners. The questionnaires were then used for creating the charts. These charts indicate how doctors view various approaches to non-conventional medicine, to what extent they support using these methods among their patience, and how they view the quality of medical education in this area in the Czech Republic.
|
|
|
Physical activity as a primary prevention for selected civilization diseases
DIVÁCKÝ, Jan
The content of the bachelor thesis is to outline the importance of physical activities in a primary prevention of lifestyle diseases, and emphasize the implementation of these activities as a part of a healthy lifestyle. Increased prevalence of lifestyle diseases is linked to our way of life, among which there are an excessive food intake and a reduced physical activity. Physical activities in the appropriate volume positively affect levels of HDL cholesterol, reduce the risk of colon cancer, the type 2 diabetes or hypertension, help to keep one´s body weight, increase cardiorespiratory endurance, which forestalls heart disease, circulatory and respiratory systems diseases. The most common cause of the morbidity and mortality in most European countries including the CR represents cardiovascular disease. Physical activities in addition to the primary prevention have an important benefit in the treatment, thus the tertiary prevention of the cardiovascular disease. The first objective of this study was to determine what physical activities are carried out by individuals with cardiovascular disease. The most common form of physical activity in this group of people is walking: 26 (39%) men and 22 (48%) women. At the first set target H1 binds: People with cardiovascular disease are not involved in physical activities (H0). This hypothesis was rejected by testing at a significance level alfa = 0.05 by the chi-square test. Performing physical activity primarily affects the goal you want to achieve. To keep health benefits we must abide the FITT principle. People with CVD are especially recommended a long- term physical activity (walking, nordic walking, cycling, swimming, home trainer), performed regularly with a frequency of 3-5 times per week, for at least 30 minutes, which should not exceed the intensity of 60-80 % of the maximum heart rate or 6 METs. Physical activities need not be carried out once, but may be divided into more time intervals during the day. The second objective was to determine what knowledge the individuals with cardiovascular disease have of the possibility of appropriate physical activities. To which followed H2: People with cardiovascular disease are educated about the characteristics of appropriate physical activities. To determine the appropriate knowledge of the possibilities of physical activities I have included 6 survey questions. I determined the erudition/education by reaching 4 points or more for at least 70 % of patients (H0). The value of p = 0.00 <0.05, therefore we reject (H0) that people with cardiovascular disease are educated about the characteristics of appropriate physical activities (70% share of the educated), and accept the alternative hypothesis that people with cardiovascular disease are not educated about the characteristics of suitable motion activities (HA). The proportion of the educated person is not expected (70 %), it is significantly higher, patients are more educated than it was expected (86%). In the summary, the people with CVD perform most outdoor physical activities in the form of walking, while the men prefer a higher frequency of 3-4 times a week and women 1-2 times per week. Time spent on physical activities by both sexes mostly ranged between 20 to 30 minutes a day of moderate intensity. Compared with the recommendations, the volume of PA research sample is sufficient, just weekly rate for women should be the same as for men. If you keep the current level of physical activity, it should individually lead to keeping the current health parameters considering the higher average age (63.7 years) and the disposition of the respondents. The results of this study may contribute to understanding the importance of physical activities in the prevention of lifestyle diseases, thereby affecting behavior and lifestyle of risk groups (sedentary people, children and youth, seniors).
|
|
|
Defence of organism against reactive oxide substances and the role of nutrition in it
BENDLOVÁ, Radka
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species along with environmental toxins are the most frequently cited sources of pathological effects on physiological proceses in man and on the development of degenerative diseases (diseases of civilization). Numerous free radicals commonly occur in the organism because they are part of physiological processes (physical exercive, food processing, the body's immune defence). On one hand highly reactive oxygen species play an important role in antimicrobial protection of the human body, helping to kill microorganismus during phagocytosis. Other side of oxidative stress (overproduction of reactive oxygenates) participates damage to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Oxidative damage to biomolecules has to be counteracted by antioxidant defense. Sufficient level of antioxidants in biological tissues act protectively. If we follow the recommended quantity and composition of food rich in antioxidants we can substantially contribute to improving our health and reduce the risk of manifestation of the serious diseases, so called civilization diseases.
|
|
|
Functional foods in human nutrition
ZEVLOVÁ, Veronika
Bachelor thesis deals with functional food and their role in human nutrition. The history of functional food, their characteristics, components, evaluation of individual species and the impact on the health of the consumer is described here. A lot of researches are focused on the topic of functional food, but no legally definition have been established yet. Even in the Czech Republic or the EU. Only the certain designations are used, which have a small deviations in different countries. Functional foods can be formed in different ways. It´s the elimination of certain harmful substances, a modification, but the most commonly used method is to add some substance to food. These substances may have various origins. The most commonly used are probiotics and prebiotics, antioxidants, anticarcinogens, fiber and many more. As the types of functional food there are mentioned cereals and products made from them, as well as meat and meat products, fruit and vegetables, vegetable fats, foods from stevia and very important probiotic food. Then the study focuses on the behavior of these types of food in prevention of civilization diseases, namely diabetes, obesity, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the Alzheimer´s disease. Subsequently, this section deals with the importance of functional food for particular population groups. Attention is given to children, the elderly, pregnant women and athletes.
|
|
|
Factors influencing changes to the content of antioxidants in the body.
MERLEOVÁ, Gabriela
This thesis deals with the relationship between antioxidants and free radicals, their interactions and effects on the human body. Characteristics, properties and occurrence of some antioxidants such as carotenoids, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, selenium, melatonin, quercetin, etc., may explain some of the mechanisms of their effects on human health, particularly in the area of lifestyle diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and obesity. Fruits and vegetables are important sources of dietary antioxidants and therefore are regularly added to the diet part of the antioxidant defense of the organism, although the content of antioxidants in these foods may be changed by external influences. Information used in this study were obtained from the scientific and professional publications and periodicals found in domestic and international databases of scientific and specialist literature.
|
guest ::
