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Measurement of of atmospheric pollution
Dohnal, Jan ; Zimáková, Jana (referee) ; Bača, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with methods of measuring air pollution for gaseous substances. It contains a theoretical analysis of various types of pollution. Classification of pollution sources according to several criteria. It focuses on the creation, harm, use of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide associated therewith. Analysis of various methods of detection for both gases.
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Dispersion studies for logistic problems
Dvořáček, Jan ; Šomplák, Radovan (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
Presented diploma thesis deals with the application of dispersion modelling of emissions from stationary sources of pollution as a potential tool which can be used for data preparation in reverse logistic models. In this case, the stationary source is represented by a waste-to-energy plant. The thesis consists of two main parts -- theoretical and computational. Firstly, emission sources and pollutants originating in thermal waste treatment are discussed. In the second chapter, legislation linked to the problem of air pollution is listed and the topics of current air quality in the Czech Republic and dispersion studies are outlined. Closing section of the theoretical part provides information about the principals of dispersion calculations and classification of dispersion models is given. In the computational part, the used dispersion software SYMOS'97 is introduced and the series of conducted calculations is presented. The calculations investigated the influence of plant capacity, dispersion conditions and terrain on the results. The input data of plant capacity and wind rose were indicated as key parameters in the calculation. The final evaluation revealed a good potential of the used dispersion model as a support tool in reverse logistic models.
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Analysis of air quality around selected energy devices
Páll, Marek ; Ondroušek, Luděk (referee) ; Ptáček, Michal (advisor)
My thesis deals with analysis of air quality close to power devices and with rating of emissions caused by these devices. In the work there are listed laws and regulations, which relate to the rating of indoor and outdoor air quality. Further, there is a briefly clarified problem of pollution, outdoor air pollution and methods of measurement of pollutants. Main characteristics of workplace climatic conditions and their permissible limits are classified and characterized. Areas where the analysis was done are specified and there is mentioned a brief course of the measurement. In further parts are stated results of measurements done close to the boiler, where natural gas is burned, and a boiler, where wood chips are burned. The last part is dedicated to evaluation of emissions measurement results.
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Impactor for laboratory capture of fine particles
Kodad, Daniel ; Poláčik, Ján (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
The focus of this master’s thesis is the issue of fine dust particles suspended in the air and their measurement. The thesis explains the basic characteristics of fine particles and the rules, which they follow. The section then examines the health risks of inhaled particles. Next is explained the influence of particles in the air on the environment, the historical development of the air pollution in the Czech Republic and the most important pollutants. After that is described the legislation, which frames the limits for pollutants suspended in the air. In the practical part is described the methods for calculation the geometry of cascade impactor, the design of three-stage impactor and finally the comparison with professional impactor. The designed impactor was then constructed and tested with wood burning stove as a source of particles.
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Emissions of medium pressure steam boilers for gaseous fuel
Zavadil, Jan ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Šnajdárek, Ladislav (advisor)
The aim of this the Bachelor Thesis is a description of a medium steam boiler for gas fuels, fuel's emissions created during the burning process of natural gas and following evaluation of measured pollutants in 5 years of operation. First part of the thesis describes types of steam boilers and most important parts of it. Following a brief comparison of burners for gas and liquid fuels and pollutants created during the burning process of natural gas and their impact on the environment. The last part focuses on measurements of pollutants in real device and a review of produced pollutants created during the long-term operation.
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The effect of air pollution on oxidative stress markers in newborns
Ambrož, Antonín ; Rössner, Pavel (advisor) ; Rubeš, Jiří (referee) ; Gábelová, Alena (referee)
In everyday life, humans are exposed to toxic substances of anthropogenic origin. These substances can also be found in the ambient air and their impact poses a long-term risk for human health. Respirable particulate matter (PM) of aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is intensively studied, along with carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), bound to it, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a reference carcinogenic PAH. Owing to small size, PM2.5 can penetrate the human body primarily via the airways and represent an increased health risk compared to larger particles. The negative health impacts of anthropogenic PM2.5, generated e.g. by fossil fuel combustion, are linked with its small size, relatively large surface, as well as with PAHs and other substances adsorbed on PM surface. PAHs, generated by an incomplete combustion of organic matter, can enter organism either via ingestion of contaminated food, water or via inhalation of polluted air. PAHs affect organisms via genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, embryotoxic and other adverse effects. One of the common denominators of these effects is oxidative stress, which is also considered to be the main mechanism of action caused by PM in the human organism. Oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) may affect any cellular...
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Vliv textilního průmyslu na složky životního prostředí
Chocholáčová, Adéla
This bachelor thesis deals with the impacts of the textile industry on environmental components. The thesis is conceived as a research of the basic negative consequences of this industry. The thesis explains the basic concepts like fast fashion or textile industry. The work includes the negative impacts of natural and man-made fibres, the different stages of textile production, including the post-life cycle phase of the product. The thesis shows that the textile industry is one of the biggest polluters of the environment, especially through wastewater containing toxic chemicals. The case of wastewater is elaborated in detail using the case of Bangladesh. The thesis concludes by presenting ways in which the negative impacts can be mitigated in the future and also presents sustainable methods and materials that are already in use.
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Study of the dispersion of hazardous gas in an underground room.
Nosek, Štěpán
This study investigated airflow and pollutant dispersion in an underground room using two different ventilation methods: natural and forced ventilation. The experiment was conducted on a scale model of the room in a wind tunnel using physical modelling. The main objectives were to understand the airflow behaviour and dispersion of passive pollutants in a real environment under isothermal conditions.
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PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVOLUTION OF AEROSOL FROM OPEN COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS DURING THE TRADITIONAL “BURNING OF THE WITCHES”
Mbengue, Saliou ; Vodička, Petr ; Komínková, Kateřina ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Vítková, Gabriela ; Windell, Laurence Christian ; Suchánková, Lenka ; Lhotka, Radek ; Julaha, Kajal ; Prokeš, Roman ; Šmejkalová Holubová, A. ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Ždímal, Vladimír ; Holoubek, Ivan
Open biomass burning (OBB) is a major source releasing large quantities of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the atmosphere, with global, regional and local impacts on air quality, public health and climate (Andreae, 2019, Chen et al., 2017). OBB aerosols mainly consist of carbonaceous matter, and a considerable amount of inorganic salts, which present distinctly different optical properties (Chen et al., 2017, Reid et al., 2005). In this study, we investigate the influence of OBB during the traditional Burning of the Witches (BoW), referred to in Czech as “Pálení čarodějnic”, on the physico-chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols collected at the National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice (NAOK). The BoW is a centuries-old pagan tradition very popular in the Czech Republic. Today, it is celebrated during the night from April 30 to May 1 by lighting bonfires made of woodpiles with fake witches.
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