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Enteroclysis - Past and Present
HUBÁČKOVÁ, Veronika
Enteroclysis is one of the main radiological diagnostic procedures, that is able to examine the thin intestine. Thorough intestinal imaging has previously been used for X-ray enterocolysis. In this examination, the technique of bi-contrast imaging is used, the use of positive barrier contrast medium and subsequently the negative contrast media of methylcellulose. Thanks to this, the intestines can be displayed in good quality. Today is examined only on CT or MR using positive contrast agent intravenously. In the theoretical part, thin and thick intestine is described as these radiological examinations are focused on changes mainly in these sections of the digestive system. I deal with the anatomy and physiology of the thin and thick intestine, as well as their disorders, for which patients have to undergo these examination. In my work I describe the most common disorders of bowel function that are diagnosed during these examinations. I also deal with the description of the pre-enterocystic examination. The practical part describes the actual examination and the results of my work.
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Inflammatory bowel disease
Růžičková, Radka ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Červinková, Monika (referee)
Infammatory bowel disease IBD is unspecified form of bowel inflammation represented by two types - Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease. UC is illness that typically affects intestine mucous membrane from rectum up to proximal parts of gastrointestinal tract. Affection in UC is limited only to colon. CD is characterised by inflammation of whole intestinal wall with common manifestation in ileocecal region but entire colon and small intestine can be affected. Patients with UC and CD suffer by extraintestinal manifestations similar for both diseases. Illness therapy is currently focused on biological treatment. People with IBD are not excluded from common life activities like school attendance, sports, etc. even they have complications or some sort of handicap. These patients can meet each other and seek advice within IBD associations all over the world.
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Sex-specific analysis of mortality for malignant neoplasms in the Czech Republic in the years 1994-2013
Maláková, Kateřina ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kohoutová, Barbora (referee)
Sex-specific analysis of mortality for malignant neoplasms in the Czech Republic in the years 1994-2013 Abstract The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze and describe the evolution of mortality due to malignant neoplasms in the Czech Republic from 1994 to 2013 and to study mortality of malignant neoplasms by sexes in detail in the chosen spatial and temporal distribution for the purpose of identifying possible factors which can have an influence on differences between men and women. This thesis deals with mortality from selected causes of death in the malignant neoplasms in addition to the analysis of mortality for the whole group of malignant tumours. There was used standardized mortality rate as the main indicator of mortality and the probability of death by age and decomposition of the difference in life expectancy at birth by cause of death and age between 1994 and 2013 were also used as a more detailed analysis of mortality. During the reported period standardized mortality rate decreased for the whole group of malignant neoplasms and for most particular causes of death for both sexes. It was also found that the differences between men and women are rather decreasing, but for some causes of death such as malignant neoplasm of colon, malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lungs, and malignant neoplasm...
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Treatment of client suffering from Crohn's disease
Krejčí, Šárka ; Hejtmánková, Lenka (advisor) ; Lukášová Jeřábková, Lenka (referee)
The topic I chose for my bachelor thesis is the treatment of a client suffering from Crohn's disease. It consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part describes Crohns's disease including its history, occurrence, symptoms, treatment, impact on fertility and new findings connected to its treatment. The empirical part contains qualitative research in the form of a case study. The aim of the bachelor thesis was understanding the individual needs of a patient suffering from Crohns's disease. The case study describes the life of a woman from when the first symptoms were found till the present day. I found that the disease affects not only the physical but also the psycho-social aspect of the patients, which is often forgotten. Key words Crohn's disease, chronic inflammatory diseases, small intestine, large intestine
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Study of genetic factors modifying the risk of onset and progression of colorectal and pancreatic cancer
Mohelníková Duchoňová, Beatrice ; Souček, Pavel (advisor) ; Skálová, Lenka (referee) ; Macek, Milan (referee)
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of genetic and lifestyle factors in the risk of onset and progression of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. The first part deals with the etiological factors and the importance of polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes and genetic alterations in the gene CHEK2 in the origin of these malignancies. In the second part, the ABC transporter genes were analyzed as potential prognostic and predictive markers of a treatment's outcome. Materials and methods: The polymorphisms and other genetic alterations were detected using real-time PCR, allelespecific PCR and PCR-RFLP methods in DNA which was extracted from the blood of patients. The frequency of polymorphisms was evaluated and their importance was assessed with regard to the available epidemiological data. Gene expressions were determined by qPCR in paired samples of tumor tissue and adjacent non-tumorous parenchyma. Results: A majority of the observed polymorphisms failed to show a relationship between their presence and the risk of any of these malignancies. CYP2A13 variant allele*7 coding inactive enzyme was found in 7 of 265 controls and in none of 235 pancreatic carcinoma patients. In contrast, GSTP1-codon 105 Val variant allele and GSTT1-null genotype were associated with an elevated...
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Microarray Data Interpretation
Ludwig, Petr ; Šilhavá, Jana (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis explains the basics of biochip or microarray data interpretation, starting with short introduction to genetics, especially genetic information significance evaluating. The focus was set mainly on the set of scripts transforming and analyzing the sample data. The data used in this thesis are a result of biochip analysis of the Colon Tumor tissues. The secondary result represents disclosing the main marker for this particular type of cancer, the primary result is evaluation of marker significance in the context of signaling pathways. The resulting pathways are sorted by relevance.
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Probiotics and their importance in human nutrition
Formanová, Kristýna ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
A great deal of immune system is located in the colon thanks to a large number of microbs that influence not only digestive tract of a human. The contact of these microbs with the digestive tract of a human is very important for other development of immune defensive mechanisms and the natural immune response, which supports health of a host. That is why in recent years a great deal of attention and efforts have been paid to possibility of human health status improving by a modulation of the intestinal microflora. As probiotics are indicated living microorganisms, that can have positive effects on human health and some species, for example Saccharomyces boulardii, have positive effects in prevention and treatment of many diseases associated with diarrhea. The company Valosun a.s. has provided for testing the probiotic food supplement which is suitable in acute diarrheal disorders. This product has been tried by patients of gastroenterology ambulance. The aim of sociological survey was to map knowledge of respondents in the field of probiotics and probiotic food supplements.
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Problem of knowledge of a patient indicated for colonoscopy
ČERNÁ, Miroslava
The colonoscopic examination is no only a diagnostic method, but also a therapeutic method applied in gastroenterology. The colonoscopic examination is performed by the flexible endoscope and it is possible to examine the whole mucous membrane of the large intestine and to perform here also minor surgical operations. The necessity for the colonoscopic examination is as perfect as possible defecation of intestines, however, also this depends on the sufficient knowledge of the patient of the examination performance and preparation. This examination is quite stressing and strenuous for the patients. The target of the thesis was to find out the difference in knowledge of clients indicated for colonoscopy within hospitalization and clients coming as outpatients. 2 hypotheses were postulated: Hypothesis 1: {\clqq}The scope of information of dietary measures before colonoscopy provided to hospitalized clients is different than the scope of information provided to ambulatory clients``. The hypothesis 2: {\clqq}The scope of information about the procedure of the examination before the colonoscopy provided to hospitalized clients is different than the scope of information provided to ambulatory clients``. The method of questioning - technology of a questionnaire was applied to the collection of data. The questionnaire was completely anonymous and was determined for patients indicated to colonoscopic examination. The questionnaire included 22 closed and half-closed questions. 130 questionnaires were distributed in the gastro-enterologic ward in the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s. After returning the questionnaires and elimination of the incompletely filled in and empty questionnaires, the examined group consisted of 106 respondents, thereof 53 were ambulatory respondents and 53 hospitalized respondents. The target of the thesis was achieved. It followed from the results that both hypotheses were confirmed, there is really a certain difference in knowledge before the colonoscopic examination between the ambulatory and hospitalized respondents. In both hypotheses, the ambulatory respondents were informed better. This bachelor´s thesis points out the importance of giving the information to the patients and of co-operation between the patient, nurse and physician. To improve the knowledge of patients indicated for colonoscopy I created the draft of a leaflet, summarizing information the patient should know before this examination. The results of this thesis will be provided to the head and management of gastro-enterologic ward of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s. Its topic could be of help to the medical staff in better informing the patients.
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