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Phytoextraction of Selected Psychoactive Drugs
Grasserová, Alena ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Petrová, Šárka (referee)
Abstract, key words Fluvoxamine is one of the most used psychoactive drugs nowadays. In human body at least nine metabolites are formed and only 4 % is excreted unmetabolised by urine. This substance can be harmful for the environment at very low concentrations already. The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to find out whether we can use phytoremediation to remove the fluvoxamine from the environment. Phytoextraction of the fluvoxamine was tested on in vitro cultivated Zea mays and Pisum sativum plants. Murashige-Skoog medium contaminated with the fluvoxamine was added to cultivations. Samples were collected every 24 hours and the concentration of the drug was determined by HPLC with UV detection at 235 nm. The average concentration decrease was 54,6 % for Zea mays and 37,6 % for Pisum sativum within 72 hours. In the case of Pisum sativum, the decrease of fluvoxamine showed a linear pattern. Key words: phytoremediation, phytoextraction, psychoactive drugs, fluvoxamine, HPLC.
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Embryotoxicity testing of psychopharmacs using the CHEST method
Pavlovič, Ondřej ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Maňáková, Eva (referee)
Psychotropic drugs are commonly used group of pharmaceuticals, their main effect is to alter psychic condition, including mental diseases treatment. Symptoms of mental illnesses are more and more common, theref orenumber of patients diagnosed with mental illnes, and thus using psychotropics, is growing stronger. But using psychotropics during gestation is not without risks for mother and embryo itself. However, thanks to the absence of controlled human studies, the knowledge of emrbyotoxic effects of pschotropics is limited to casuistics, reported side effects and animal experimental studies. Many of those studies suggests emrbyotoxic potential of psychotropic drugs, on the other hand, others claim their safety. The goal of this thesis is to test at least some of them, using CHEST method, that allows us to observe direct effect of unmetabolized substance on chick embryo. In this thesis we tested selected psychotropics, very common antidepressant fluoxetine (prozac) and antipsychotic drug olanzapine, for embryotoxicity, using in ovo method CHEST with chick embryos as model organism. By bypassing the maternal organism and his metabolism, this method allows to observe direct effect of unmetabolized substance on chick embryo. Results revealed embryotoxic effect of fluoxetin in dosage 10-2 and 10-3 on 3rd and...
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Diabetes mellitus type 1 and depression. Psychopathology by somatic deseases
Komorousová, Jana ; Beran, Jiří (advisor) ; Lacigová, Silvie (referee) ; Jirák, Roman (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a severe chronic life-long disease. The condition itself introduces a need for patient's lifestyle adjustment to the disease and a number of everyday therapeutic and diagnostic restrictions. Therefore, mental disorders are more common in diabetic patients than in the rest of the population. Biochemical and hormonal connections between mental disorders and diabetes mellitus represent another reason for their higher incidence in diabetic patients. Comorbid mental diseases can further negatively influence the course of diabetes. They are especially depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders and cognitive disorders including dementia. Type 2 diabetes is also more common in patients with primary mental disease, as is e.g. schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Regarding therapy, psychoactive drugs are used in diabetic patients. It is important to respect the specifics of the underlining disease during drug selection. The main factor for the selection of the medication is, apart of mental problems, the influence on body weight and blood glucose. Mental disorders can be also treated by psychotherapy and psychoeducation. Studies performed in diabetic patients with mental problems suggest the need for intervention in this area. The practical part of the work introduces a...
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The schizophrenic in social - cultural level with influence in art and reception of the world
Brichcínová, Markéta ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Matějů, Martin (referee)
This work is focused on schizophrenia, one of the most serious diseases that affects human's life in all its parts. I submit the summary of information about the causes leading to the disease. I answer the questions how to treat schizophrenia and why it affects the patient's life in such a high extent. The work summarizes the different views on the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia in the past and in the present. I wonder how society views a mentally ill person nowadays. I focus on the artistic expression of people with schizophrenia, which is characteristic for them. I answer the question about how much the disease affects their creating and why it is so obsessive for them to create. I wonder if the genius is linked with madness.
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New psychotropic drugs and their effect on developing embryo
Košťalová, Jana ; Maňáková, Eva (advisor)
In my diploma thesis, I researched the effect of mirtazapine on a developing embryo. Nowadays, new drugs are being developed and used for the treatment of depression. These drugs also include mirtazapine. The risk of using mirtazapine during pregnancy has not been documented yet and therefore it can not be used by pregnant women. These drugs are often very effective and well tolerated so it is very important to recognize the effect on a developing embryo. In our research, we used the method of CHEST (chick embryotoxicity screening test). We applied a dose of mirtazapine solution dissolved in DMSO to 4-day old chickens. The doses were 0.2µg, 0.15µg, 0.1µg, 0.05µg, 0.03µg in 3µl of the solution. As controls, we applied 3µl DMSO and 3µl destilled water. Embryos were being incubated for 5 days in an incubator and on the 9th day, we evaluated dead and malformed embryos and the spectrum of defects. From our observations, we have obtained the lethal dose, which was above 0.15µg and the dose that was equivalent to the LD50 - 0.05µg. Lower doses were safe, although these embryos were malformed. These malformations, however, were not statistically significantly different from the malformations occurring in controls. It is neccessary to continue and complete data for 2 -and 3-day old embryos, so that we cover all...
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