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Spalné teplo a výhřevnost vybraných energetických trav stanovení na základě elementární analýzy
SEDLÁKOVÁ, Aneta
Renewable energy sources are largely represented by biomass energy, which is then used in many ways. Among the most common are the phytomass direct combustion to heating. For these purposes, in many cases growned Reed canary grass, which could compete with other, more efficient energy grass Szarvasi -1. Aim of this work is to compare the suitability of selected energy grasses (Phalaris arundinacea L. and Elymus elongatus subsp. Ponticus cv. Szarvasi-1) for purposes of direct combustion in terms of the energy yield of the unit of production and unit of area under various intensities of fertilization.
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A possibilities of use of Phalaris arundinacea for energetic utilisation
VACEK, Martin
The aim of my thesis was to compare selectid allotment, Botanical composition of allotmnet and prortion were monitored. Assessment of medium water content in soil. For parametrs of burning was to find number of fertile and sterile culm. In literal research are summarized common data about biomass and particular grass used for energetic purposes. Detailed description of reed canary grass and its description, agrotechnology and harvest. It is also important to mention processing of biomass in to the shape briquet and pelets. In the last part of research is description of burning device for used biomass. The practice part description to optain sample particular lokalities and these results and compares them.
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Environmentální dopady pěstování energetických plodin
Pospíšilová, Jana
The presented thesis is written in a literary review and addresses the issue of energy crops and their impacts on the environment. Intensive field crops cultivation has an adverse effect- increase susceptibility of soils to erosion, overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, eutrophication and soil compaction. Partial objective is a description of possible remedies to these influences. The thesis describes fytomass processing technology, the characteristics of selected field crops, related legislation, including checks on compliance, whose job it is to motivate farmers to the proper use of land. Because only soil and water protection can provide the sustaiability of agriculture.
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Agropellets for House Boilers
Čaňo, Lubomír ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the characteristics of the agropellets and with their combustion in the house combustion units. In the introduction of the first part is described what the agropellets are and how they are produced. It is followed by a characteristics of the agropellets as a fuel and by their comparison to the other solid fuels. The end of the first part is dedicated to a combustion itself and the creation of emissions during it’s combustion. The second part of the bachelor thesis is focused on a practical verification of the characteristics of the selected agropellets as a fuel. It also includes the experimentally measured values of emissions during their combustion.
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Vliv stanoviště a agrotechniky na produkci fytomasy vybraného klonu topolu (Populus nigra L. X Populus maximowiczii Henry) pro energetické účely
NOVÁKOVÁ, Aneta
The thesis deals with theme of fast-growing species and with the impact of agricultural practices (like choice of location, care and possibility of fertilizers usage) which are the most important factors for successful cultivation of energy tree species. The introductory part of the thesis contains an explanation of the term biomass and its possible distribution by types and ways of obtaining the biomass. Following chapters deal with fast-growing tree species. The issues of cultivation are also described here in parts like basic characteristics, history of these energy species, legislative restrictions and procedure during founding of the plantation itself, selection and preparation of locality, the use of agricultural practices (cultivation, fertilization). The practical part deals with it´s own experiment with a clone of poplar J 105 (Populus nigra L. x Populus maximowiczii Henry). This clone of poplar was planted on four experimental plots. The growth depending on the conditions of habitat and selected agritechnical measures was observed in following years. There are descriptions of conditions on all localities, chosen ways of planting and aftercare about tree vegetation. Another experiment which contained adding different types of nitrogenous fertilizers was performed in the last period of observing. Results showed that the greatest impacts on the quality of the growth of fast-growing trees have properly chosen location and aftercare about tree vegetation, at least in the first vegetation period. Addition of fertilizer seemed as important only in case of planting on nutrient very poor sites.
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Effect of fertilization of permanent grassland on the substrate biogas yield
Stibůrek, Jakub ; Fuksa, Pavel (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this study was to extend knowledge about the influence of permanent grassland fertilization on the yield and the quality of biogas.
During the years 2013 and 2014 three levels of fertilization (non fertilized control, N50PK, N200PK) were tested. Samples were taken from the experiment site Černíkovice, Benešov region. For anaerobic digestion, a 40 day mesophilic conditions batch test was chosen.
A statistically significant decrease of substrate biogas yield (SBY) and area biogas yield (ABY) with higher doses of fertilizers occurred between non fertilized control (575.4 ml/g; 3332.4 m3/ha) and N200PK variant (460.5 ml/g; 2605.7 m3/ha) in 2013. The only statistically significant differences in the quality of biogas were found during the first day of anaerobic digestion, when the highest doses of fertilizers caused higher concentration of methane (33.2 %) compared to control variant (22.6 %).
Application of fertilizers had no significant effect on SBY in 2014. Still, the highest SBY was obtained from the non fertilized control (762.7 ml/g) compared to N50PK (707.6 ml/g) and N200PK variant (732.8 ml/g). Furthermore, significant most of the ABY was obtained from the N50PK (2911.5 m3/ha) compared to the non fertilized control (2296.3 m3/ha). The only significant differences in biogas quality were found during the initial 7 days of the test. Most of the methane was contained in biogas from the non fertilized control (59.1 %), and least amount of the methane was found in the N50PK variant (57.9 %).
ABY is highly influenced by the yields of phytomass, which were negatively affected by the late first cut caused by unfavorable site conditions in 2013.
Cumulative biogas production showed that the most important part of anaerobic digestion was during the initial 14 days, which produced upwards of 80 % of total biogas yields in both years.
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Impact of Biomass Storing on Heating Value
Černý, Michal ; Špiláček, Michal (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
The main aim of my bachelor´s work is the experimental verification of the landfill impact on the parameters biomass. The first part deals with definition, the formation of a basic biomass division. In the next section we find the issues concerning the burning, fuel composition and emissions during combustion. The last part deals with the influence of climatic conditions on the biomass degradation. In the experimental part were measured calorific calorimeter. The result was that, after a measured period of five months to avoid significant degradation of the fuel.
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Utilization of biomass for small business or houses
Láník, Lukáš ; Šlezingr, Jan (referee) ; Macháček, Jan (advisor)
Thesis deals with usage of biomass as an energy source for smaller plants and houses. Thesis showes us how to use different types of biomass. In the next part of thesis is mentioned the help from the state in case your are using this kind of energy, different types of dotations ane advantages. In the thesis is described the procedure of designing nex heat source and making decision about it. The last part of thesis compares the economic running boiler on land gas to boiler of different kinds of biomass.
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Cogeneration plants on vegetable oil
Macoszek, Pavel ; Baxant, Petr (referee) ; Radil, Lukáš (advisor)
The thesis is focused on cogeneration units on vegetable oil. The first chapter contains basic information about the production, supply and consumption of electric energy in the Czech Republic and about renewable energy sources. The following chapter is devoted to possibilities of use oil kinds of phytomass in the Czech Republic, or products made from them. Next chapter is mentioned on legislation allowing the use of used cooking oils for energy purposes. It contains a summary of the laws and regulations and options regarding subsidies for electric and heat power. The main objective of these chapters is to explain the issue of the establishment and operation of cogeneration units on vegetable oil. The following chapters are devoted to the design and study of simultaneously operated cogeneration unit on the vegetable oil with a combustion engine and the calculation of economic operation running. The reason of study is to evaluation, which on based of the input values and calculation methods determine the economic efficiency of the project cogeneration unit on vegetable oil under mode purchase price and mode green bonus. Appreciation is also given to the overall legal review and responsibilities of cogeneration units on vegetable oil.
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