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Design of the expansion of 22 kV distribution network in a specific part of the city of Brno
Lakomý, Vojtěch ; Nepevná, Vlastimila (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to design measures of the distribution network in Brno to ensure a supply of electricity to its consumers in required quantity, quality and reliability. This project will be solved in the program called PAS DAISY Off-Line v.4.00 Bizon. At first we make an analysis of the steady state of the distribution network. We check load of transformer stations 110/22 kV, overhead and cable lines if they operate in allowed limits. Then we complete or correct reserved power drains of big consumers of electricity in the model of distribution system. From the calculation of the steady state of the distribution network we will probably find out that some parts of the system are overloaded. Therefore we suggest changes for it (like switching over circuits, installation of new transformer stations and circuits), which should ensure safety and reliability of operations in the distribution system.
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Aging curves of elements of the distribution network
Bočan, Tomáš ; Malínský, Vladimír (referee) ; Ptáček, Michal (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of the current methodology, provided by the client EG.D, a.s., for the creation of aging curves of distribution system elements, specifically the evaluation of the provided input data, from which a new methodology is subsequently created. The new methodology is applied to the high voltage support points and compared with the original methodology. The paper also includes an analysis of the ageing of distribution system elements and its application to each regional distribution network operator, as an important illustrative and general overview to better understand the individual context.
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Steady state and short-circuit conditions within E.ON 110kV power network at bridge operation of transformers T402 and T403 in 400/100kV transformer station Sokolnice
Bernát, Jan ; Rampl, Martin (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (advisor)
The master’s thesis deals with a calculation of steady state and short-circuit conditions in a 110 kV system during a bridge operation of transformers in a Sokolnice substation. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with a calculation of steady state of a system using Newton’s iterative method, it investigates short-circuits – their timing, distinctive values and a method of their calculation. In the practical part the 100 kV grid supplied from Sokolnice substation is described. The main goal of the thesis is a comparation of two basic wirings: bridge operation of T202 and T203 transformers (contemporarily in service) and bridge operation of T402 and T403 (in service after 2017). These two wirings were controlled even during one state of emergency during which the Sokolnice substation will be affected by an outage of one busbar. Voltage conditions, loading of power line and transformers and overall power balance were controlled. Short-circuit conditions were also calculated and short-circuit resistance of particular substations was inspected. In the conclusion technical measures needed to ensure smooth bridge operation of convertors T402 and T403.
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Integration of Photovoltaic Power Plants in the Electricity System
Michl, Pavel ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The thesis discuses an integration of photovoltaic power stations to electric network. The first part describes connecting conditions of small sources to distribution system, including administrative requirements, feasibility study, and requirements to the energy meters, measuring, control devices, switching devices and protection. The second part is aimed to describe problems of the photovoltaic system. Solar radiation generating and reducing of its intensity incident upon the earth surface are described in this part. The quantum of produced electric power depends on climatic conditions in the fixed area, seasons, etc. This work also discusses the types of photovoltaic cells and their actual efficiency. Inverters are further important components of the photovoltaic system. The parameters of the inverters have a great influence on the total actual efficiency of the photovoltaic system. Different methods of the photovoltaic panels’ connection with the inverters and their advantages and disadvantages are also mentioned. The supporting structure of the photovoltaic panels and eventually transformer are further important components of photovoltaic system. The work also analyze the methods of connection of the photovoltaic power station to distributive low voltage and medium voltage network, electric energy accumulation and possibilities of the sale of produced electric energy. The large number of the connected photovoltaic power stations has negative influences to electric network. The third part contains the design of a photovoltaic power plant with a capacity of 516,24 kWp on the scoped area in southern Bohemia. The project documentation for the location where the power plant is designed is also made. It contains the design of photovoltaic panels, the design of the inverters to get an optimal power load. This part also contains a calculation of the photovoltaic system losses and the design of transformer and the cable junction calculation of the distributive system. The feasibility study of the power plant connected to distributive system is also conducted. Its delivery rate will be connected to the distribution point Řípov (110/22 kV). The calculation results show us that this photovoltaic power plant can be linked to the distribution system. The final part of this paper contains an economic estimate of the photovoltaic power plant operating and the calculation of the return. An Economic return is influenced by the wide range of values that affect the total return rate. The calculation of an operating economy is made for several variants. The return rate in refer to contemporary redemption price for 2010 with no consideration for a bank loan is 7 years. If we consider the bank loan it would be 12 years. The penetrative reduction of the redemption price is expected for 2011. Calculation works with the decline of 30 %. It would extend the rate of return to 11 years without a bank loan or to 22 years with the bank loan. The bank loan is considered to cover 80 % of the investment.
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Electric networks with DC voltage up to 1000 V
Fiala, Martin ; Kopička, Marek (referee) ; Ptáček, Michal (advisor)
This master´s thesis deals with the proposal of DC low voltage network at a voltage level of 1000 V DC in Praskolesy u Mrakotina village. Direct distribution will be realized only at the terminal, which will power the village. Next part of this thesis is theoretical and its main focus is description of both DC and AC distribution systems. The proposed DC grid will use existing distribution grid. The thesis further describes the problems of long terminals in low voltage distribution systems and electrical installation in buildings. The result of this work is a comparison of the losses between AC and the proposed DC system. The last part deals with economical evaluation and technical solution for the proposed network variant, including their advantages and disadvantages.
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Potential of non-frequency ancillary services for a distribution system operator
Reiskup, Filip ; Holub, Martin (referee) ; Ptáček, Michal (advisor)
This thesis provides a basic overview of the ancillary services in a transmission system. It summarizes changes regarding the implementation of European directives SOGL and EBGL. It describes in detail a portfolio of non-frequency ancillary services used in the distribution systems. It evaluates the demand of E.ON distribution system potential for those services in particular locations. Practical part is focused on a potential of reactive power management in this distribution area. It evaluates reactive power flow into transmission system and indicates the most critical substations. This thesis also covers analysis of existing resources in this distribution area and assign their possible potential in reactive power management.
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Monitoring in Middle- and Low-Voltage distribution systems penetrated by distributed generation
Kolacia, Tomáš ; Kolář, Vladimír (referee) ; Drápela, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis concerns monitoring in Middle- and Low-Voltage distribution systems penetrated by distributed generation. Monitoring itself means measuring voltages and power flows and sending relevant data to the supervisory system. The first part of the thesis describes distribution systems with differences between individual voltage levels. The following chapter is focused on consequences of high share of renewable energy sources in distribution systems. Most of the problems are partially resolved by technical conditions for connection of the new power sources. However, difficulties with voltage regulation and uncontrolled power flows to higher voltage levels remain. These are the reasons for measuring voltages and currents in medium voltage networks. Second to last subhead of this chapter is dedicated to possible benefits of monitoring. The fourth part of the thesis deals with voltage and current sensors with their advantages and disadvantages. The best suitable devices are chosen in the end of the chapter. It is crucial to mention that sensors are only part of measuring system. Analog outputs from current or voltage transformers need to be converted to digital signal and further processed. After that required quantities are finally sent. Properties of these circuit cards are described in the sixth chapter. Following part aims to define a certain key that will determine the suitable locations for installation of the measurement. The final part of the thesis compares measured voltages and power flows from real 22 kV network with calculated values from computer program PAS DAISY Bizon.
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The Impact of Media on Consumer Behaviour in the Energy Sector
Sedláček, Štěpán ; Hála, Tomáš (referee) ; Langerová, Petra (referee) ; Šedrlová, Magdalena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the aspects that prevent or allow the integration of the principles of social networks into the system of smart meters as well as the study of their potential and possibilities of implementation. The issue of how the future smart grid consumer will benefit from the future smart city grid services are hot topics. Here, a survey is presented that focuses on these aspects. An analysis of the survey results and key messages identifies view of the people on the topic and proposes directions that may be followed when designing applications and services of residential smart city consumers.
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Smart metering data analytics
Ševčík, Prokop ; Klusáček, Jan (referee) ; Drápela, Jiří (advisor)
The thesis focuses on using data from smart meters based on two-way communication in distribution system. It describes hardware structure of smart meter and measurements of electrical quantities. The thesis summarizes multiple smart metering use cases in DS. It reviews actual implementation of use cases in DS and it evaluates data available from smart meters. Data analytics tools for DS analysis are presented based on possible use cases
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Dispersed production and its influence on distribution network
Kácl, František ; Vybíralík, František (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with dispersed generation (production). The small electric power sources are connected into distribution networks. Types and principles of the small electric power sources are studied. The legislation framework concerning renewable energy sources utilization is described. These power plants have impact into distribution networks and therefore techniques for the source connection to distribution network are included in the thesis. The impact of the specific small source of electricity must be studied.
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