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Risk of Choosing a Supplier Using Fuzzy Logic
Sekáč, Jan ; Janková, Zuzana (referee) ; Dostál, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on analysis and evaluation of supplier risk using the theory of fuzzy logic. The analysis and evaluation of suppliers' risks was compiled for the company PROBYT REAL s.r.o., which is looking for a supplier of construction work for the reconstruction of its building. Two decision models based on the principles of fuzzy logic were created in this work. The models were processed in MS Excel and MATLAB software. The selection of the least risky supplier is based on the results of the models.
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Implementation of the ecosystem services framework into policy and decision-making
Daněk, Jan ; Vačkářová, Davina Elena (advisor) ; Mederly, Peter (referee) ; Schneider, Jiří (referee)
The ecosystem services (ES) framework enables a better understanding of the benefits of nature to people and society. Thus it can help to inform decision-making and promote a more sustainable use of nature and landscape. Although the number of scientific publications on ES is steadily increasing, the actual application of ES knowledge in policy, decision-making and practice by actors is still very limited. The dissertation examines through several sub-studies whether and how the ES framework is already implemented in policies and in the real decision-making practice of various actors in the Czech Republic, and what the possibilities are of using this framework. The methods used include policy content analysis, semi-structured interviews, participatory workshops, focus groups, questionnaire survey with participatory mapping and a systematic literature review. The individual studies are then embedded in a conceptual framework of impact assessment for policy and decision-making. The results show that although the ES framework is relatively abundant in key national environmental policies, its application in decision-making is minimal. The identified gap between the existing level of implementation in policies and the very limited use in decision-making and practice can be explained by a number of...
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The role played by social media in the migration-related decision- making process in the case of international students of Charles University.
Rodikova, Alena ; Neag, Annamária (advisor) ; Wirthová, Jitka (referee)
The last decades have seen a growing number of international students. States and institutions all around the world are trying to attract students from abroad. Nowadays, to reach the target group they are putting information online. It is foreseeable since the Internet has deeply penetrated our daily life. However, there is still a lack of understanding of how aspiring international students use online sources, and how these sources influence their decision to study abroad. This thesis aims to provide up-to-date information on the influence of social media on the decision-making process of aspiring international students. This study was conducted with qualitative interviews with international students of Charles University. After the data analysis, it became apparent that even though social media does not have a major impact on one's choice to study abroad, it is an important medium that helps one to maintain and create personal networks and disseminate people's influence. Therefore, one can conclude that social network sites facilitate student migration. Keywords social media, international students, student migration, decision-making, aspiring students, student mobility
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Decision-making in cross-border cooperation in times of the COVID-19 pandemic
SCHNEIDER, Bettina
COVID-19 has caused unprecedented challenges to the decision-making process of cross-border cooperations. In consequence many cross-border cooperations are not able to travel abroad, leading to a fundamental shift from on-site to virtual collaboration. Existing research literature about decision-making and media use does not provide a thorough ex-planation of how the decision-making process changed and how the media is used. This study explores the change that the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has presented and the technological means project managers use to implement their decisions. For this study, eight project managers were invited to participate in an expert interview and to talk about their experiences of making a decision while working from home. This thesis con-tributes to the Media Synchronicity Theory and Lunenburg's (2010) sequential model by providing an understanding of the procedure of the decision-making process and its media use during the COVID-19 pandemic. The change of the decision-making process resulted in more effort during the now more asynchronous preparation of this process. Moreover, it was found that more documents have been created to visually support this process at any step and the importance of the preparation team has increased. Finally, it was found that due to the change of situation, the decision-making has changed as well and more media is used to support the communication. However, concerning the decision-making itself, it could be observed that although there is a wide range of media to support the decision-making (e.g., voting tools, decision-making trees, decision matrix), hardly any are used.
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How can Factors Underlying Human Preferences Lead to Methods of Formal Characterizations towards Developing Safe Artificial General Intelligence?
Al-Nusair, Rana Ghalib ; Špelda, Petr (advisor) ; Butler, Eamonn (referee) ; Biagini, Erika (referee)
This research aims to investigate the Artificial Intelligence (AI) value alignment problem, which refers to the challenge in developing a safe and reliable AI that can achieve our goals and adhere to our values as we intend it to do. A misaligned AI, especially one which transcends all domains of cognitive abilities and has acquired vast computational powers, will be nearly impossible to manage and it will threaten our security. Research addressing this problem is now focused on understanding how to develop AI that can reliably infer our values from our preferences. Thus, preferences are the primary conceptual unit of analysis to the AI value alignment problem. This paper investigates our preferences and seeks to shed light on the issue of obtaining a formal truth that is fundamentally constitutive of our preferences, for the aim of using said formal truth to create a value aligned AI. To do this, this paper gathers data from economics, biological evolution, and neurocognitive studies to bridge the current gaps on the conceptual problem of preferences. The paper concludes with presenting a new kind of security dilemma which stems from the notion of combining a general theoretical framework that fully captures our preferences with the crucial elementof uncertainty inAI, effectively showcasing how...
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A Common Legacy, Divergent Paths: Understanding the Transformation of Post-Yugoslav Welfare States
Jusić, Mirna ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Pickering, Paula M. (referee) ; Wildmannová, Mirka (referee)
Four countries that had once been embedded in a common welfare state, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, have espoused different paths of institutional welfare transformation following Yugoslavia's dissolution. The author's PhD dissertation aims to understand the nature of the changes that have occurred in two welfare sectors (employment policy and family policy) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia and Serbia, over the last two decades, by looking at changes in the characteristics of welfare programs and their implications on the capabilities of beneficiaries, as well as the levels of stratification they yield within these societies. Moreover, its other aim is to understand why such differences in welfare transformation came about. To that end, the dissertation applies Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) to identify important conditions that have contributed to streams converging and the opening of policy windows that resulted in agenda change.
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Characterizing Uncertainty In Decision-Making Models For Maintenance In Industry 4.0
Ahmed, U. ; Carpitella, Silvia ; Certa, A.
Decision-making involves our daily life at any level, something that entails uncertainty and potential occurrence of risks of varied nature. When dealing with industrial engineering systems, effective decisions are fundamental in terms of maintenance planning and implementation. Specifically, several forms of uncertainty may affect decision-making procedures, for which adopting suitable techniques seems to be a good strategy to attain the main maintenance goals by taking into account system criticality along with decision-maker(s) opinions. A wide variety of factors contributes to uncertainty, being some of them greatly important while other ones less significant. However, all of these factors in synergy can impact the functioning of systems in a positive, neutral, or negative way. In this case, the question is whether obtaining a complete picture of such uncertainty can improve decision-making capabilities and mitigate both through-life costs and unforeseen problems. The fundamental issues include dealing with ambiguity in the maintenance decision-making process by employing numerous evaluation criteria and dealing with real-world scenarios in the maintenance environment. In this study, the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach is analysed, with particular reference to the Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS), technique capable to effectively rank alternatives while dealing with uncertainty for maintenance decision-making. A final case study is developed to demonstrate the applicability of the method to the field of maintenance in industry 4.0. The proposed study may be useful in supporting intelligent and efficient decisions resulting in favorable maintenance outcomes.
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Risk of Choosing a Supplier Using Fuzzy Logic
Sekáč, Jan ; Janková, Zuzana (referee) ; Dostál, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on analysis and evaluation of supplier risk using the theory of fuzzy logic. The analysis and evaluation of suppliers' risks was compiled for the company PROBYT REAL s.r.o., which is looking for a supplier of construction work for the reconstruction of its building. Two decision models based on the principles of fuzzy logic were created in this work. The models were processed in MS Excel and MATLAB software. The selection of the least risky supplier is based on the results of the models.
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The concept of consciousness its components and functions in the process of system functioning in the understanding of Karl Wolfgang Deutsch
Pulicar, Miroslav ; Váňa, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the concept of political consciousness in the understanding of the German political scientist and international relations theorist Karl Wolfgang Deutsch. In the first, theoretical section it introduces some existing approaches and conceptualizations of consciousness in political science. Consequently, it provides an essential introduction to Deutsch's communications theory, its basic points and some crucial concepts, such as information, feedback, memory, or will. The aim of this section is to outline the specifics of Deutsch's communication-based approach to the analysis of political systems and provide context for the main subject of this thesis. After general introduction it deals with the very concept of consciousness. Through the analysis of Deutsch's pivotal work The Nerves of Government it outlines theoretical foundations of his concept, defines its functions and significance within the political system, connects it with other concepts of Deutsch's theory and marks some differences compared to approaches of other political scientists. In the second, practical section theoretical considerations developed in the previous section are on the basis of qualitative research applied on the specific political system. The aim of the research is to explain some of the...
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Principles of the tax justice
Huspeková, Marie ; Seknička, Pavel (advisor) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee)
This thesis is an interdisciplinary perspective on the issue of fair distribution of the tax burden. Taxes are assessed in terms of its purpose, which is to establish resources for the payment of government spending . Attention is focused on the moral and ethical aspects of the impact of the tax burden in human behavior and decision making. The work is divided into four chapters . The first chapter is devoted to human beings , its behavior and decision-making capabilities and comprehensive view of human individuality. One is set in the perspective of living and farming. The second chapter contains a brief look at the concepts of justice , focusing on the relationship between justice and ethical values selected . In the third chapter, the evaluation of the structure of the tax system and individual taxation, with a focus on tax fairness in economic sense . The fourth chapter is devoted to some aspects of international taxation. In conclusion, the thesis are evaluated conflicts tax fairness with other values .
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