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Doplňkové látky ve výživě drůbeže
PEKAŘOVÁ, Eliška
This bachleor work deals with the diference in digestion, necessary nutritiv and nutritiv additives for poultry. Feeding adittives are divaide into four groups zootechnical, technological, sensory and nutritive additives. Each group is described and individual types of additives and their use in nutrition are characterized. The work describes individual substances and their description and effect on health, production or feed.
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Variability of the domestic chicken breeds in selected immunological traits of hen and egg
Bílková, Barbora ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Plachý, Jiří (referee) ; Trefil, Pavel (referee)
The avian immune system is a complex system of defence mechanisms that protect bird hosts against threats from ubiquitous pathogens. According to the co-evolutionary models, variability in immune traits of hosts is the key component providing ability to adapt and enhance their defence mechanisms in presence of constant selective pathogen pressure. Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus f. domestica) is used as a model organism in avian biology and also is one of the most important food-producing animals, not only for their meat but also for the egg production. Unfortunately, in research usually only inbred chicken lines are used and modern poultry husbandry is tight with unilateral breeding towards highly productive breeds. Those approaches decrease intra-population polymorphism in chickens. However, especially in case of farm animals, searching and extending the pool of immune variability and enhancing pathogen resistance is crucial for sustaining healthy and biologically secure populations and their products. Morphologically highly distinct traditional chicken breeds, which have evolved for hundreds years under different selective pressures, may represent this desirable immunological variability. In my thesis I described variability in chosen immunological traits, haematological parameters and proteomic...
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The effect of gut microbiota composition on condition in birds
Černá, Kateřina ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Saláková, Martina (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize present knowledge concerning the effects of gut microbiota composition on condition in birds. The effect of gut microbiota on various aspects of animal physiology is currently intensively studied and the understanding of its biomedical importance is a topical theme. However, the majority of the current research is focused on humans and other mammals, and in birds on agriculturally significant species. Therefore, this thesis focuses also on the applicability of results of agriculturally orientated research on free-living birds' study. The results of agricultural research show a high interspecies and intraspecies variability in the effects of certain bacteria on the condition of the host. That should be taken into account when designing experiments in wild-living species. This thesis summarizes current knowledge concerning the effects of bacteria on condition of birds that was gained in correlational and manipulative studies. Manipulative studies include those in which probiotics or antibiotics were given to birds. The main modes of action of probiotic bacteria are also summarized here. One of the aims of this thesis was also to find out the possibilities of using detection of certain bacterial species as a non-invasive method to assess birds' condition. This thesis...
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Stanovení termotolerantních druhů Campylobacter spp. v potravinách
Zsoldosová, Jana
Campylobacteriosis is according to European Food Safety Authority one of the most advanced worldwide foodborne disease causing gastroenteritis. The Czech republic ranks at number one in the highest incidence of campylobacteriosis. This thesis deals with the determination of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in samples of poultry and pork liver, in chicken and raw milk. From total number of 50 samples were 31 samples positive for Campylobacter spp. For poultry liver and chicken at the back of thighs were 92 % of positive samples. For pig liver was lower incidence, only 46 %. For fresh raw milk was the lowest incidence of just 17 %. Higher incidence in the Czech republic reflects good way of searching their subsequent reporting infections.
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Vliv hladiny vápníku ve směsi pro brojlery na senzorické vlastnosti masa
Zajdová, Lucie
The thesis is about the impact of a content of the calcium on a quality of the meat. The target of the observation was whether a feeding with a higher level of the calcium has the impact on the sensorical properties of a breast and thigh muscles. Feeding mixture BR2 contained different level of the calcium during the feeding experiments with the broilers with a hybrid combination ROSS 308. First two groups of those broilers were controlled and fed by mixture BR2 with content 2 grams Ca per 1 kg. The third and the fourth group got the feed with the content 15 grams per 1 kg. At the end of this experiment tested broilers were killed and the samples for the degustation have been frozen for 30 days at -40 degrees of Celsius. Extremely different groups (2 to 15 g/kg Ca) were chosen for sensory analysis. From the sensorical analysis which was participated by 12 evaluators follow that feeding mixture with higher content of the calcium had no influence on the organoleptic properties of the meat. Statistically significant difference (p<0,05) was determined only for taste in breast muscles based on the different level of calcium after removing the impact of the evaluators and the absence of the foreign smell of the thigh muscles. Upon receipt of a higher level of Ca in feed (1.08 +- 0.04), the absence of foreign odor was evaluated more favorably than fetal control (0.94 +- 0.04).
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Zařazení barevné pšenice Skorpion do krmné dávky brojlerů
Pokorná, Martina
The effect of the feeding of blue-coloured wheat Skorpion on the carcass performance and antioxidant activity of broiler chickens was studied. Crafted feed mixture was used to fed male chicken hybrid Ross 308. Before the start of the experiment we have divided the broiler chickens to a weight-balanced groups. Each week was weighting individual animals. All of the data, and the changes was recorded. At the end of experiment we reviewed influence of colored wheat on the parameters of broiler chickens, especially the mass increases, feed conversion and slaughter yield. As a control sample of wheat was elected common variety with red grains - Vánek. Feeding with Skorpion wheat has not been proven, in the statistical processing, any influence on additions, feed conversion and even slaughter yield. On the contrary, the assessment showed the improvement of antioxidant capacity of wheat variety Skorpion.
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Vliv zinku ve výživě drůbeže na senzorické vlastnosti masa
Němečková, Šárka
Experiment was conducted, in which were served different levels of zinc for the cockerels Ross 308. The aim of my study was to discover, if the level 204 mg Zn/kg of feed mixture will affect the sensory characteristics of the thigh and breast muscle after 30 days of storing. From the sensory analysis, performed by the 12 evaluators, appears, that the higher level of zinc did not have a statistically significant impact on the sensory characteristics of the thigh and breast muscle in majority parameters in my study. Exception was a statistically significant difference (p < 0,05) in aroma at the thigh muscle after correction of evaluator (Zn 24 mg was evaluated 1,03 +- 0,02 and Zn 204 mg was evaluated 0,97 +- 0,02). In the breast muscle of the experimental group was relatively the best rate the juiciness - 5 % above the average. In the thigh muscle of the experimental group was relatively the best rate also the juiciness - 10 % above the average.
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Vliv barevných pšenic na senzorickou jakost drůbežího masa
Habrová, Stanislava
This diploma thesis deals with the impact of feeding the colour wheat KONINI and UC 66049 on the sensory quality of poultry meat. There were chosen young cocks of crossbred combination ROSS 308 which were devided into three groups in this experiment. Young cocks in the first group were feeded with the feed mixture containing wheat Breeze (Vánek) with the low level of antioxidants (Check, Kontrola). There was used wheat with the blue aleurone UC 66049 in the second group and wheat with the purple pericarp KONINI (Purple, Purpurová) in the third group. The experiment was terminated at the age 36 days of young cocks. The senzory evaluation was performed on the breast and thigh meat. There was found the positive effect of the purple wheat on the aroma on the breast meat, but on the other hand there was the negative effect of both coloured wheat on the chewability. As for the thigh meat, there was positively evaluated the colour in both groups with the encore of coloured wheat, the fibrillation was positively influenced by the purple wheat KONINI, but on the contrary the purple wheat negatively affected the chewability of thigh meat.
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Nové trendy vo výžive vykrmovanej hydiny
Janušková, Anna
This bachelor thesis is about different types of poultry that are kept for fattening. It informs about differences of their digestive tract. It also states which hybrids are most often fattened and what fattening parameters we follow. It deals with individual feeds that are used in fattening poultry nutriotion. Furthermore, their processing, complete feed mixtures and sorting according to individual developmental stages to which they are fed. It is also about conveyor systems for the transport of feed used in farms. The following chapters deal with antinutritional substances and antibiotics contained in feed for fattened poultry and their impact on their health. These substances include mycotoxins, dioxins and heavy metals and other. The work also sets out two nutritional standards for fattening broilers. One standard lists the nutritional values for fattened broilers from 2007. The second standard lists the nutritional values for the COBB 500 from 2018. We are comparing standards in the work and present the changes at the end.
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Využití ostropestřce a konopí ve výživě drůbeže
Šťastník, Ondřej
The aim of this work was to characterize the nutritional value of the milk thistle and hemp by-products and to study their influence on selected performance parameters, metabolism and poultry health by including different doses of these non-traditional feeds into compound feeds. Study of the influence of non-traditional feeds was conceptually divided into four individual experiments. Three experiments were carried out on fattened Ross 308 chickens and one on Bovans Brown laying hens. The addition of milk thistle seed cakes worsend performance parameters of broiler chickens compared to the control group. Benefits of potentially positive biologically active substances have not been prove in chickens. In the experiment with 7% of milk thistle seed cakes in the diet of laying hens led to higher antioxidant activity of the blood and a higher number of eggs with higher weight was achieved while at the same time was higher feed consumption. The Haugh units and millimeter height of the egg was higher, but a thinner egg shell were found in the experimental group. The addition of 5% and 15% of hempseed expellers worsed feed conversion ratio and led to lower weight gain. In the group with addition of 40% hempseed expellers, was found a higher chicken weight gain compared to the control group. In the experiment with 2.5% of hempseed expellers and 1% of hemp herb included to the chickens diet, were found balanced feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. Chickens performance parameters were not affected by experimental treatment.
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