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South Sudan's border formation process: the case of Abyei
Porubčanová, Lenka ; Mičko, Branislav (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
The Sudan-South Sudan boundary has been the flashpoint of long-standing disputes between the two states. The most volatile area, however, is the oil-rich territory of Abyei. In the complexity of the localized zone, it is not only oil that forms the basis for the intractability of the two state's territorial disputes. This thesis aims to apply a newly developed theory of boundary formation that conveys broad insights into the possible drivers and factors of the border's state, not only in its technical definition. To this end, the thesis monitors some of the most influential factors compared across chronological periods. In such a mechanism, the thesis concretizes the state of the frontier by the selected structuralist theory. The extract further suggests a bidirectional relationship between the influence of state apparatus and border populations on the final borderwork. Therefore, the reflexivity of the population equally contributes to the border's state. This result demonstrates the theoretical model's broad applicability and a multidisciplinary explanation of the local border dispute fixation. Despite the limited scope, and hence the casual relationships examined, the thesis contributes to the debate on the stimulus for Abyei's territorial boundary tensions to some extent.
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Population development in countries with the highest population growth rate
Janovský, Jan ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Population development in countries with the highest population growth rate Abstract The bachelor thesis focuses on the population development of the countries with the highest population growth rate in the period 1990-2020. The thesis aims to evaluate the population development of the countries with the highest population growth rate. For the selection of countries, an indicator of the crude rate of natural change of population is used, which excludes the influence of migration on population growth. One of the main goals of the work is, based on research, to find the factors that influence the population growth rate, and then evaluate the influence of these factors on selected countries. For the purpose of this work, the states of Mali and Niger were chosen, which rank among the countries with the highest population growth rate. The analytical part is based on data from the United Nations and the Demographic and Health Surveys. The results of this work confirm the third phase of the demographic transition in Mali and Niger, thus confirming the continuation of the reduction of fertility in these countries. According to the analysis of factors affecting total fertility rate, significant differences in the education and wealth of families were found, which were significantly reflected in the demographic...
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Diversity and phylogeny of the lacertid lizards (Lacertidae) with emphasis on the tribe Eremiadini
Hlaváč, Denis ; Šmíd, Jiří (advisor) ; Chmelař, Jan (referee)
The family Lacertidae (lizards) belongs to the class Reptilia (reptiles) and the order Squamata (scaly reptiles). This family consists of two subfamilies, Lacertinae and Gallotinae, which are diversified into 45 genera and approximately 368 species. The subfamily Lacertinae is divided into two tribes, namely the tribus Eremiadini and Lacertini. The tribe Lacertini can be further divided into two clades: the Ethiopian and the Saharan-Eurasian clade. The subfamily Lacertinae, with approximately 354 species, is much larger than the subfamily Gallotinae, which consists of only 14 species. From the subfamily Lacertinae, the larger tribus Eremiadini is formed by 215 species classified in 22 genera. Representatives of this family can be found in Europe, Africa and Asia, but the center of origin is Europe. They belong to the dominant species of herpetofauna in Europe. The Eremiadini tribe separated from the rest of the Lacertidae family in the past and migrated to Africa, where it diversified into its present form. Currently, the diversity of the Eremiadini tribe is concentrated in Africa, but a large number of species also occur in Asia. The body is small to medium in size, which usually does not exceed 90 mm without the tail. The body shape is slender and the tail is relatively long compared to the body...
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The effect of the covid-19 pandemic on the spatial organisation of air transport in Africa.
ZEMAN, Jan
The key topic of this bachelor thesis is the analysis of the spatial organization intracontinental of the air transport in Africa in 2019 and 2020 when it was affected by the covid 19 pandemic. In the introductory part, the bachelor thesis is presented, the objectives of the thesis are set and also hypotheses that will be later confirmed or refuted. The introductory part is followed by the theoretical part where the theory of the air transport is introduced, concepts related to this mode of the transport in general and then concepts that are typical for transport in Africa. In the second part of the thesis is a transition from the theoretical to the analytical part. The analytical part has two subchapters, the first deals with the analysis of the domestic air transport in 2019 when it was not yet limited by the covid 19 pandemic. The second subchapter is 2020 when the covid 19 pandemic has already greatly affected air transport. The data for processing the analysis are from the ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization database. Based on this data, intracontinental air transport was compared between 2019 and 2020 when the covid 19 pandemic was spreading.
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Diverzita a fylogenetické vztahy hlodavců v horských oblastech východní Afriky
KRÁSOVÁ, Jarmila
The Eastern Afromontane region of Africa is characterized by striking levels of endemism and species richness. Therefore, it was recognized as the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot (EAMBH) with numerous endemic plants and animals including mammals. Some parts of EAMBH (e.g. Ethiopian Highlands) are still under-represented in terms of biodiversity research in comparison with areas where sampling was relatively intensive in the last decades (e.g. Albertine Rift). This thesis describes genetic diversity, evolutionary history and taxonomy of several rodent species inhabiting mountain areas of Eastern Africa and Angola with a special focus on neglected areas such as Ethiopian and Angolan Highlands. Molecular-genetic analyses detected considerably higher diversity of small mammals than previously expected. Several candidates for new species were suggested and some of them also formally described based on phylogenetic and morphometric analyses. Molecular dating placed most of the diversifications into the eras of Pliocene and Pleistocene confirming the hypothesis that Plio-Pleistocene climate fluctuations together with topographically diverse landscape of Eastern Africa contributed to the high level of species diversity observed today.
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Integrovaná výuka vzdělávacích oborů zeměpis a přírodopis na 2. stupni ZŠ (s praktickou ukázkou výuky tematického obsahu biogeografie)
HŘAVOVÁ, Michaela
This diploma thesis deals with integrated teaching, its application both in our country and abroad and with its possible uses when teaching Geography and Natural History. The aim of the thesis was to create teaching activities connecting those two subjects with biogeographical content. Three teaching activities focusing on distribution of organisms in the area of Africa, Australia and Oceania and America had been created in total. Two of the activities had been designed to incorporate another subjects, namely Art and Czech Language. A conception of teaching of biomes and biogeography and a suggested arrangement of educational content in Geography and Natural History at second stages of elementary schools are also included in the thesis.
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Multimediální pomůcka pro výuku regionální geografie Afriky
BARTOŠ, Tomáš
The diploma thesis deals with the creation of multimedia aid with a focus on regional geography of Africa which is useful especially in geography lessons at the lower secondary school. The introductory chapter about the goals of the thesis is followed by a theoretical part of the thesis which deals with multimedia in general and their position in teaching and regional geography. In the case of regional geography its meaning is solved together with the principles of its teaching. The following pages deal with many kinds of publications that try to describe a wide range of topics about the entire African continent. After the methodological chapter which describes the process of creating individual multimedia elements of the aid and the multimedia aid as a whole there is a chapter about the multimedia aid itself. Except the description of the aid, which is available from www.sites.google.com/view/rg-afrika there is a description of several selected multimedia elements (illustrations, graphs, maps, videos and tasks for students) with their specific usage. In general, the usage of the aid is primarily in better representation of the curriculum and possible improvement of teaching. An important chapter is also testing of the multimedia aid in practice. It describes how the aid was tested directly in the classroom with students and how they reacted to individual multimedia elements.
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Impact of health expenditures on infant mortality in Africa
Bajer, Vladimír ; Šlegerová, Lenka (advisor) ; Bertoli, Paola (referee)
Each year, the infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births in Africa is more than 15 times higher than in the Czech Republic. This thesis investigates whether infant, neonatal and under-5 mortality rates could be lowered by an increase in health expenditures in Africa. We used data from 49 African countries for the last 20 available years, i.e., from 2000 to 2019. Applying the fixed effects estimation method for panel data, we examined the health expenditures as aggregate total current spending, and also separately as domestic private, domestic public and external. Our analyses showed significant negative relationships between both total current and external (i.e., direct foreign transfers and foreign transfers distributed by a government) health spending and infant/under-5 mortality. Additionally, under-5 mortality is also significantly affected by domestic private spending. On the contrary, no significant relationship between neonatal mortality and any health expenditure was found. Previously performed studies claimed that domestic public spending decreases studied mortalities too. However, our results imply that the effect of domestic public spending has disappeared and transferred instead into external and private health funds. Thus, it is crucial to invest in these segments more to lessen...
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Arming Subsaharan Africa (2011-2020)
Hoza, František ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
Most countries in sub-Saharan Africa lack the capacity to produce arms and military equipment, so they are fully dependent on arms imports. At the same time, the arms trade has a strong political dimension, which is a huge volume beyond the financial trade itself. The aim of this work is to provide a descriptive analysis of the armament of sub-Saharan Africa between 2011 and 2020. This work uses data to define the largest exporters and importers in the region over a period of time and examines the effects of various variables on arms imports and exports to sub-Saharan Africa. Data for analysis were collected from a publicly available databank such as The World Databank or SIPRI. R studio with the assistance of ggplot2 and tidyverse packages was used to analyze and process all data. Thanks to this analysis, we found that, contrary to previously stated hypotheses, Chinese arms imports to sub-Saharan Africa are no longer growing than Russia, and Russia is still the largest arms exporter to the region. Some data suggest that there are correlations between arms imports into the region and war conflicts, which cause the two variables to interact.
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