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Environmental catalysers of economic distress-induced self-harm
Lauko, Adam ; Šlegerová, Lenka (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
This thesis examines the relationship between the unemployment rates and suicide rates in Czech and Slovak districts from 2002 to 2020 by fixed effects model. The thesis found a positive link between the male suicide rate and the unemployment rate. For the female suicide rate, the link was insignificant. It was found that the moderating effect of built-up areas was estimated as negative, while the effect of population density was positive. These findings were only partially according to the literature, as we expected that both effects will be negative. The moderating effects of greenery and divorce rate were estimated as insignificant. However, the validity of these findings is questionable, as the goodness of fit measures are poor and were increased only after increasing the level of aggregation from NUTS4 to NUTS3
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Impact of health expenditures on infant mortality in Africa
Bajer, Vladimír ; Šlegerová, Lenka (advisor) ; Bertoli, Paola (referee)
Each year, the infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births in Africa is more than 15 times higher than in the Czech Republic. This thesis investigates whether infant, neonatal and under-5 mortality rates could be lowered by an increase in health expenditures in Africa. We used data from 49 African countries for the last 20 available years, i.e., from 2000 to 2019. Applying the fixed effects estimation method for panel data, we examined the health expenditures as aggregate total current spending, and also separately as domestic private, domestic public and external. Our analyses showed significant negative relationships between both total current and external (i.e., direct foreign transfers and foreign transfers distributed by a government) health spending and infant/under-5 mortality. Additionally, under-5 mortality is also significantly affected by domestic private spending. On the contrary, no significant relationship between neonatal mortality and any health expenditure was found. Previously performed studies claimed that domestic public spending decreases studied mortalities too. However, our results imply that the effect of domestic public spending has disappeared and transferred instead into external and private health funds. Thus, it is crucial to invest in these segments more to lessen...
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Tax progresivity of health insurance revenues in the CZ
Staňová, Jana ; Bryndová, Lucie (advisor) ; Šlegerová, Lenka (referee)
This work deals with the analysis of the tax progressivity of public health insurance revenues in the Czech Republic. The key role in its determination is played by the application of the minimum and maximum assessment base. Scientific works that dealt with this issue within the Czech Republic in the past examined the impact of health insurance contributions on the individuals. Our thesis investigates impact of health insurance contributions on groups of individuals and households in which income inequality occurs. For the purposes of this analysis, we used data from the sample survey called European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions conducted by the Czech Statistical Office. Measures of the tax progressivity used in the thesis are the Lorenz and concentration curve, the Gini and concentration index and the Kakwani index. The results show a slightly regressive impact of the minimum assessment base within all working persons and predominantly proportional taxation within the entire households of these persons.
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Is women's vaccination against HPV in the Czech Republic cost-effective?
Lušková, Martina ; Šlegerová, Lenka (advisor) ; Bryndová, Lucie (referee)
Is women's vaccination against HPV in the Czech Republic cost-effective? Bachelor's Thesis Author of the Thesis: Martina Lušková Abstract This thesis approaches the cost-effectiveness of women's vaccination against human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the Czech Republic. HPV is a pathogen responsible for the majority of diagnosed cervical carcinomas. The aim is to assess the current reimbursement setting of HPV vaccination compared to the designed change. In order to increase the vaccination coverage and subsequently decrease the future treatment costs, two strategies were proposed. A homogenous multistate Markov model is developed to model the transition among states representing the stages of progression of the cervical carcinoma. Transition analysis is performed based on the data collected for the purpose of healthcare reimbursement under public health insurance. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio suggests that increased immunization coverage (from 65.8% to 80%) fuelled by the campaign promoting vaccination seems to be cost-effective assuming the threshold of 1.2 million CZK per one quality-adjusted life year. The strategy promoting the vaccination together with extending the age (from thirteen-year-olds by cohorts of fourteen- and fifteen-year-olds) at which vaccination is reimbursed delivers analogous...
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Depression in aging population: Social and economic determinants
Šafářová, Kristýna ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Šlegerová, Lenka (referee)
Depression among aging population is a common phenomenon. This thesis studies potential socioeconomic and health-related factors as determinants of depression. We analyse a cross-sectional dataset of European residents aged 50+, provided by the SHARE project. Hypotheses regarding the factors are formulated based on existing literature. A logistic regression is applied and a number of robustness checks is carried out. A significant positive relationship is found between depression and factors associated with poor physical health and financial difficulties. The odds of depression incidence increase substantially for women both in the Czech Republic and Europe. Stratified analysis points that being employed reduces the chance of developing depression among the Europeans aged 50-64, while it increases the chance significantly for the Czechs aged 65+. 1
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Wage inequality among young college graduates: Can we find any evidence for reverse gender wage differential?
Vrbovský, Samuel ; Mysíková, Martina (advisor) ; Šlegerová, Lenka (referee)
This thesis examines whether in the United States among young college gradu- ates in male-dominated dominated job fields the the gender wage differential is reversed, i.e, women earn more than similar men. The thesis further adds two additional hypotheses that narrow the examination down to large employers and singles. To evaluate those hypotheses the thesis estimates linear regression models for each of the male-dominated job field and each hypothesis using data from 2017 National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG). Although the results revealed that in IT and mathematics and in physical sciences women earned more than similar men, with the effects being more pro- found among those working for large employers and among singles, the results were not statistically significant. Those results are, however, still important in context of societal narrative and gender wage gap literature, since they do not hint any potential discrimination of women in male-dominated fields. JEL Classification J31, J38, J70 Keywords United States, gender wage gap, gender wage differential, gender inequality, discrimination, college, men, women
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Health technology assessment: case study on breast carcinoma treatment in the Czech Republic
Šlegerová, Lenka ; Bryndová, Lucie (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
Health technology assessment: case study on breast carcinoma treatment in the Czech Republic Bc. Lenka Šlegerová January 4, 2019 Abstract This thesis proposes an original method for assessing total costs of med- ical treatment. It defines the semi-Markov model with four states that are associated with specific costs of the treatment, and not with patients' health statuses. This method is applied to individuals' treatment data drawn from the Czech clinical practice in the treatment of the metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. The aim is to assess the cost-effectiveness of adding medication per- tuzumab to the combination of trastuzumab+docetaxel within first-line therapy and to examine whether using individual data on Czech patients and the economic conditions leads to different results from foreign stud- ies. Furthermore, employing censored data from the clinical practice in the thesis complicates the estimation of patients' overall survival in compari- son to clinical-trials data that form random samples. Therefore, survival functions were not only estimated by the Kaplan-Meier estimator but also using the Cox proportional hazard model and the Accelerated failure time model that both control for the effects of included covariates. The addition of pertuzumab does not result in significantly longer pa- tients'...
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Youth Unemployment: What Can the Flow Data Tell Us?
Šlegerová, Lenka ; Flek, Vladislav (advisor) ; Janotík, Tomáš (referee)
Youth Unemployment: What Can the Flow Data Tell Us? Author: Lenka Šlegerová Supervisor: doc. Ing. Vladislav Flek, CSc. Academic Year: 2015/2016 Abstract This thesis deals with the dynamics of the Czech labour market, with special emphasis on the youth. The calculations of gross labour market flows and flow transition rates deliver evidence on higher youth labour market dynamics compared to prime-age labour market. The thesis then analyses the driving forces of unemployment rate fluctuations. It explores the concept of steady-state unemployment rate and then focuses on decomposition of fluctuations in the steady-state unemployment rate. In the Czech Republic, the results at the aggregate level suggest that changes in unemployment inflow contribute with considerably higher share to the fluctuations in steady-state unemployment rate than changes in unemployment outflow. In case of the youth steady-state unemployment rate, changes in unemployment inflow account for an even higher share of fluctuations in the steady-state unemployment rate.
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