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Total temporomandibular joint replacement physiotherapy
Zeman, Jan ; Benešová, Lucie (advisor) ; Kulich, Václav (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Bc. Jan Zeman Supervisor: Mgr. Lucie Benešová Title: Total tempromandibular joint replacement physiotherapy Abstract: The bachelor thesis is designed as a theoretical-practical and deals with the issue of physiotherapy after total temporomandibular joint replacement. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to develop a proposal for diagnostic and therapeutic concept in physiotherapy for total temporomandibular joint replacement. The theoretical part is divided into four sections. The first is a brief description of the anatomy, kinesiology and biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint. The second deals with joint disorders, their etiology, classification, clinical manifestations and therapeutic intervention with a special focus on disorders that lead to surgical treatment. The third describes surgical process of total joint reconstruction, mentions the risks and contraindications of surgery, and describes postoperative care. The fourth presents the characteristics and comparison of joint replacements and the main manufacturers. The practical part presents the application of the diagnostic and therapeutic concepts in clinical practice. The concept includes a kinesiological analysis with emphasis on the cervical spine, complemented by a specific examination of the...
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Sugars and other sweeteners
Krejčí, Martina ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Panovská, Zdeňka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of sugars and other sweeteners. In the theoretical part, a brief overview of carbohydrates in terms of nutrition, composition and basic breakdown is given. In detail, attention is then paid to specific types of natural energy sweeteners, non-energy sweeteners and polyols. The health effects of these sweeteners, the history of their use and, in the case of sugar, their consumption and production are discussed. Particular space is devoted to the legislation, control and safety of some non-energy sweeteners. Part of the work focuses more specifically on the artificial sweetener aspartame and the cases concerning its safety and effects on human health. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to identify the range of table sweeteners and syrups, to create a list of them and then to assess the most common types of syrups sensorially. Another objective was to find out what sweeteners the general public and high school students use, whether they prefer beverages with artificial sweeteners, and to find out their opinion on the safety and control of artificial sweeteners. The practical part firstly deals with market research in 13 shops, 6 drugstores, 6 pharmacies and 3 health food stores. An inventory of 52 types of table sweeteners and 46 types of syrups offered in the...
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Is vertebrate local biodiversity influenced by beaver activity?
Komár, Ondřej ; Munclinger, Pavel (advisor) ; Uhlíková, Jitka (referee)
Beavers (Castor spp.) are ecological engineers and keystone species thanks to their ability to significantly modify the landscape to suit their ecological needs. Beaver, however, do not only create suitable habitats for themselfs, but as well for the whole spectrum of other vertebrate species and thus they increase local species richness. Currently there are only two extant species of beaver, European beaver (Castor fiber) and North American beaver (Castor canadensis), but they do not differ in their ability to modify the local landscape under the same ecological conditions. The construction of a beaver dam on the water stream and the subsequent flooding of the landscape results in the creation of a beaver pond, which is suitable habitat for amphibians, freshwater turtles, water birds and shorebirds. Beavers also create suitable habitats for other semi-aquatic mammals such as muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) and Eurasian river otter (Lutra lutra). The efect of beaver activity on the local richness of fish species is complex and depends on the water stream characteristics, such as the stream gradient. Beaver dams can also limit the movement of migratory fish to some extent, but the dams do not represents an absolute migration barrier. Beaver do not just affect vertebrate communities inhabiting aquatic...
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Additional hearing of the succession
Vonková, Kateřina ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Janoušková, Anežka (referee)
Additional hearing of the succession Abstract The thesis deals with the additional hearing of the succession as an institute of inheritance law, which is not dealt with as a whole in any professional publication. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to provide the reader with a comprehensive theoretical interpretation of the additional hearing of the succession in one place. The purpose of the thesis is to outline the complexity of the institute it deals with, both from the perspective of the legal regulation used in the additional hearing of the succession and from the perspective of the course of the different types of additional hearing of the succession and the difficulties in terms of its connection to the original succession proceedings and its current independence. The thesis provides a theoretical definition of the concept of the additional hearing of the succession and further demonstrates its nature as well as its characteristic elements, types of the additional hearing of the succession and its course. Beyond the theory, the thesis discusses the specifics that may arise in the course of a additional hearing of the succession. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first three chapters present the theoretical basis of the thesis and the last two chapters complement the above interpretation...
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Insects as a model group of organisms for the research of knowledge about and attitudes to invertebrate animals
Jelínek, Filip ; Mourek, Jan (advisor) ; Janšta, Petr (referee)
This thesis is a literature review that aims to process the available literature on attitudes towards insects, knowledge about insects and the ways in which the perception of insects by humans can be influenced. In the chapters focused on attitudes towards insects, I show how the emotions of disgust and fear lead to negative views of insects and, conversely, how the perception of their beauty and importance promotes positive views of insects. In the knowledge section, I show how people confuse true information about insects with myths, inaccurately distinguishing between what is an insect and what is not, which insects are dangerous and which are not. In the last chapters, I present the literature that deals with the ways in which attitudes towards insects and knowledge about insects can be influenced. I deal with the effect of urbanization, experiential educational programs and the picture of insects in human culture, namely in language, poetry, fictional literature and fine arts
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Zoochorous dispersal of vascular plants in the context of rewilding - study in the Milovice grazing reserve
Mádrová, Terezie ; Lepková, Barbora (advisor) ; Janíková, Eva (referee)
Seed dispersal is one of the most important mechanisms of plant population dynamics. One type of such dispersal is zoochory, i.e. the dispersal of seeds by animals, which is divided into two types - epizoochory (dispersal of seeds on the animal's body) and endozoochory (dispersal of seeds in the animal's digestive tract). For endozoochory in particular, the essential dispersers are large herbivores, which are one of the important elements defining the character and structure of vegetation and many species of which have disappeared from the European landscape as a result of human activity. Conservation management that uses the reintroduction of animal species to care for sites, is called rewilding. The non-profit organization Česká krajina deals with the reintroduction of large herbivores in our environment and established a reserve with horses (Equus ferus), European bison (Bison bonasus) and aurochs (Bos primigenus) in the former military area Milovice. My aim was to determine how these animals contribute to a local vegetation dynamics through zoochoric seed dispersal. I studied epizoochory using a germination experiment with the soil samples from under the so-called rubbing trees (by Heineken et al. 2006) from the spring of 2021. A total of 27 seedlings germinated from 120 soil samples, 85 % of...
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Mapuche in the 21st century
Nešpůrková, Anna Marie ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Kouba, Karel (referee)
The thesis analyses the issue of Mapuche ethnic identity in the context of the Chilean constitutional process. It analyses the discursive strategies used by selected representatives on Twitter/X using David Snow and Robert Benford's framing concept. The theoretical framework focuses on the definition of ethnic identity, an introduction to the concept of framing and a brief historical and political context. The analytical part of the thesis examines how indigenous leaders and representatives of the right and left parties framed Mapuche ethnic identity during the creation of the new Chilean constitution. The period under study covers the period from 2021, when the first draft of the constitution was drafted, to 2023, when the second constitution-making process took place. The primary source of data is the twitter accounts of the officials under study. Using the concept of framing, the thesis seeks to uncover the key themes, arguments and discursive strategies used by different actors to promote particular understandings of Mapuche identity and rights in the context of constitutional reform.
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Review of taxonomic history of bats of the family Molossidae of the Old World
Forró, Beáta ; Benda, Petr (advisor) ; Staňková, Markéta (referee)
0 Abstract This thesis deals with systematics and taxonomic expressions of the relationships within the Molossidae family. Further attention is devoted to the species that occur in the Old World. The work consists of four chapters: introduction, basic characteristics of the family, description of particular species and conclusions. The second chapter, focused on the characteristics of the family Molossidae, consists of a description of the family systematics, its distribution range, morphological characters and the role of molecular genetics in the taxonomy of this family. The third chapter briefly discusses the genera of the New World thereafter looks in detail at the evolution and various views on the taxonomy of the species in the Old World. The species on which the thesis focuses belong to the following genera: Platymops, Sauromys, Cheiromeles, Myopterus, Otomops, Chaerephon, Austronomus, Ozimops, Micronomus, Setirostris, Mops, Tadarida, and Mormopterus. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the opinions on the systematic arrangement as well as taxonomic representation of relationships in the Molossidae family of the Old World and to reveal areas that require further attention. It also provides a description of alternative taxonomic arrangements based on the available evidence.
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Evolution of nuclear DNA content variation in the genus Mallomonas and its ecophysiological consequences
Čížková, Natálie ; Čertnerová, Dora (advisor) ; Trávníček, Pavel (referee)
The variability of genome size among eukaryotes and its consequences remains largely unknown. This is particularly true for unicellular eukaryotic organisms, also known as protists, whose nuclear DNA content is still largely unexplored. Across plants or animal studies, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that genome size is closely associated with cell size and may also be related to other eco-physiological parameters, such as growth rate, metabolic rate, or life strategy. In protists, the cell represents their entire body, allowing for the direct assessment of the impact of genome size on organismal phenotypic traits. In this thesis, with the use of flow cytometry, the absolute amount of nuclear DNA was estimated for 165 strains of the genus Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae) belonging to 64 species, revealing diversity in nuclear DNA content for nearly 1/4 of the globally recognized diversity of this genus. Based on the obtained data, up to 100-fold variability in nuclear DNA content was found across Mallomonas species (0.12 pg - 11.4 pg). Detected intraspecific variability in nuclear DNA content suggests the influence of various evolutionary mechanisms, for example multiple-fold difference in DNA content (even within closely related species) suggest frequent polyploidization in the genus Mallomonas....
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Development of regulatory T cells and their role in autoimmune diseases
Tomicová, Kateřina ; Hadlová, Petra (advisor) ; Vašek, Daniel (referee)
T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) are the basic cell population of the immune system. They play a role in suppression of immune responses, maintenance of homeostasis of the body and tolerance of its own tissues. Tregs develop in the thymus from bone marrow progenitors, similar to other T lymphocytes. At the same time, they also develop in the periphery from mature helper T lymphocytes due to the cytokines IL-2 and TGF-β. The key molecule that characterizes Treg is the transcription factor FOXP3 expressed in the nukleus. Other molecules typically found on the surface of Treg include the surface molecules IL-2RA, CTLA-4, ICOS, GITR, TIGIT and PD-1. FOXP3 is an essential molecule for Treg suppressive function and stability. Stability is ensured by hypomethylation and histone modifications of the FOXP3 gene. Deficiency of Treg cells can cause autoimmune diseases such as IPEX, APECED and DiGeorge syndrome, demonstrating the importance of these cells for proper immune function. Studying the mechanisms of Treg cell function and understanding how to maintain their stability is contributing to a large body of research that seeks to exploit their unique properties in therapies and treatments for autoimmune and cancer diseases. Treg cell therapy is developing in two main directions. The first focuses on the...
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