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Pilot study of sublingual in vitro permeation of butorphanol.
Šrámková, Markéta ; Vachek, Josef (referee) ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor)
The theoretical has mentioned the basic information about pain and its treatment. Furthermore, there are described analgesics, mainly opioids. This part is specifically focused on the kinetics and pharmacodynamics of butorphanol alone. A following section deals with the basic description of sublingual administration and it provides with a description of morphology of tongue and also provides information from articles, which dealt with a similar theme as this thesis. The experimental part focuses on the permeability of a sublingual membrane using butorphanol dispersed in different vehicles. Isopropyl myristate, phosphate buffer pH 5.3, propylene glycol - water (3:2) were used. Some of the test donor samples used gelatinous membrane or chitosan donor membrane. Acceptor phase in the experiments was phosphate buffer pH 7.4 or pH 6.5. Permeation marker there was caffeine. I have found from the permeation results obtained that caffeine as a marker of choice was appropriate. Permeability tests of butorphanol brought some interesting findings on the dependence between permeability and a selected membrane type. It can be concluded from the results that the membrane permeability of the membrane affected by membrane properties more than the used vehicle.
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Nursing care of the patient after total hip replacement
Zajícová, Markéta ; Bořilová, Lucie (advisor) ; Štědrý, Jiří (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on the patient's post-operative condition after a total hip replacement of the left. My patient during my study underwent an elective surgery for a long-term hip pain caused by coxarthritis which was unresponsive to conservative treatment. She has undergone the same surgery on the right hip. I visited the patient during the second postoperative day, she lay in the standard inpatient department and felt reasonably to her condition. She was glad that the operation was managed without complications and was looking forward to be self-sufficient again. The work is divided into a clinical and a nursing part. In the clinical section, we became familiar with the physiology in more detail, with a notion of total joint replacement and with reasons for this implementation. For the processing of the case study I used the most important information found by a physician during the reception of the patient. In the nursing theory are described the Marjory Gordon's nursing model and nursing process. According that I worked up the anamnesis - the information are obtained from the patient during the interview. The anamnesis helped to me to establish nursing diagnoses, the current ones and the potential ones. Based on the patient's current state of needs I set short and long-term care plan.
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The Issue of Alcohol Dependence in Adolescents
FILIPOVÁ, Darina
Researches focused on the issues of alcohol addiction performed in the Czech Republic show that the number of alcohol addicts is higher every year and alcoholism has become a serious public health problem. There are more and more addicts every year, which is except others backed by the words that MUDr. Petr Popov, senior consultant of the Addiction Treatment Department of the General Faculty Hospital in Prague, said to the Právo daily on 10 March 2010: ?We used to have about 300 thousand alcohol addicts. Now there are between 600 and 700 thousand. There are twice as many men as women, but women have been gaining on men?. As an article in the Mladá Fronta Dnes of 21 February 2012 says, the number of young alcohol consumers is increasing, while about a fifth of 16 year olds admit drinking five or more glasses at least three times a month. This results from 2011 research quoted in the above article. My thesis dealing with the issues of alcohol addiction in teenagers wants to map the situation among teenagers of České Budějovice region and their knowledge of the impacts of excessive alcohol consumption on their personal and family lives, social lives and relations. The theoretical part deals with the problems of the process and occurrence of alcohol addiction in general and with the social and health consequences of excessive alcohol consumption, with the factors influencing teenagers to consumption of alcohol and other drugs and prevention in the field of addiction focused on teenagers. In the research part I particularly focus on socioeconomic background of young respondents, personal experience with alcohol and marginally on the other addictive substances. I also focus on mapping the knowledge of the consequences of alcohol consumption, influence of environment and of free time activities. I applied quantitative research, in the form of a questionnaire. My research shows that most of teenagers are aware of the consequences of alcohol consumption or abuse, but they do not limit alcohol consumption in their lives and they actually increase its consumption as they are growing older. More systematic application of training seminars focused on more consistent care about personal and social development and better orientation of free time activities can definitely contribute to prevention of alcohol abuse, of addiction development among teenagers, to further improvement of their knowledge and skills used for alcohol consumption reduction and consequent addiction. Better legislation measures in the field of punishing young users of alcohol and drugs would undoubtedly contribute as well.
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Atopic eczema in children's health and social impact
PÁLKOVÁ, Hana
The thesis deals with atopic eczema in children and its health and social impact. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is focused on explaining the basic concepts in dermatology, presenting the anatomy and physiology of skin and its specific qualities in childhood, defining the atopic eczema and outlining its etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, treatment and nursing care as well as health and social impacts of eczema. The practical part of the thesis set up three goals. The first objective was to determine the impact of the disease on children and their families. The second objective of the research was to determine the role of a nurse in the treatment of children with atopic eczema. The third objective was to create an educational brochure for parents of children with atopic eczema. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative research based on two semistructured interviews was carried out. The first of the two interviews was conducted with mothers of sick children. The research group consisted of ten mothers, five from Prague and five from České Budějovice. The second interview was performed with nurses in GP surgeries for children and adolescents and in surgeries of dermatologists and allergists. The second research group consisted of eight nurses, four of which worked in GP surgeries for children and adolescents, two with dermatologists and two with allergists. Nurses, as well as mothers, came from Prague and České Budějovice. Attention was paid to problems that mothers and children find the most annoying. Small children under four years of age are most bothered by the itching and pain; part of these children also dislike daily skin care. Children from five years up are upset about insufficient contact with their peers and limitations in performing their activities of interest. They have to make sure they do not swear while enjoying their hobbies and their skin must not come into contact with irritants. Their mothers suffer from the unpredictability of the disease and from not knowing whether the eczema will ever disappear. They also fear that the eczema might get worse. The medical complications related to atopic eczema include Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, warts, Molluscum contagiosum and herpes in eczema-affected areas. Other complications include itching, pain, sleep disorders in the mother and child, subsequent fatigue, impaired performance at school and/or work. Generally, children and mothers have positive relationships with others, yet sometimes the have to face curious looks. Mothers tend to spend less time with their partners than they would desire. As for nurses, it was found out that the primary role in patients? education is played by doctors, whereas nurses, in addition to performing their administrative duties, provide additional information and educational materials and respond to parents? practical questions. The research results may serve mainly to parents and their children with atopic eczema as a source of information about the problems they might encounter, helping them to address such problems. The output of the thesis will be an educational brochure for parents of children with atopic eczema.
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The quality of life of patiens with cancer of glandula thyroidea
Benáková, Miluše ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Slováček, Ladislav (referee) ; Nečasová, Andrea (referee)
80 This bachelor's thesis discuss about the quality of life of patients with thyroid cancer. It describes the problems of quality of life, illness and pain, characterized types of thyroid cancer. It also includes nursing care for patients with thyroid cancer. The empirical part focuses on quantitative research examining the quality of life with cancer of the thyroid gland. Quality of life was studied in two groups of patients. One group consists of patients with thyroid cancer diagnosed undergoing surgical treatment - thyroidectomy. The second group consists of patients with an enlarged thyroid gland and glands of the conversion node, which also undergoing surgical treatment - thyroidectomy. The aim is to compare the quality of life for these two groups. Using a questionnaire we survey the impact of disease on their quality of life. Using a questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30, we see the impact of disease on their quality of life. Research participated in the investigation of 84 patients after thyroid surgery. Of these, 42 patients operated on for thyroid cancer and 42 patients were operated on for benign thyroid disease (goiter nodoza). After evaluating the questionnaire found significant differences in patients with malignant disease in several areas of quality of life. Differences were observed mainly in the...
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Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic pain treatment in cardio surgery patients
Klemová, Eva ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Manďák, Jiří (referee) ; Ulrychová, Hana (referee)
Pharmacologic a non - pharmacologic pain treatment in cardio surgery patients This project is orientated on pain treatment in cardio surgery patients, especially in intensity of pain, character of pain and other close parameters. The theoretical part is about basic physiology of pain as CNS function, complex reaction on pain, types of pain, etc. There are pain-scoring scales mentioned as well. In more detail post surgery pain is analyzed, its treatment and scoring (evaluation) by a nurse. The end of this project is orientated on this topic in cardio surgery. Basic cardio surgery diagnosis, surgery procedures, post surgery care and basic vital signs monitoring are explained too. The clinical part contains results of patient examinations and discussions, which took care about the intensity of pain, the character of pain, the localization of post surgery pain and other close parameters.
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Modification of protective lime coating systems for the porous limestone using lime nanomaterials: assessment of mechanical properties and ageing resistance
Navrátilová, Michaela ; Bayer, K. ; Ghaffari, E. ; Macounová, Dana ; Slížková, Zuzana ; Weber, J.
Within the area of care for sculptural and architectonic monuments of limestone in Austria there has been a historic continuity of use of protective lime coatings. In the regions of Upper and Lower Austria, Vienna and Burgenland mainly Leitha limestone (named after the Leitha Mountains) are dealt with. In Czech lands such approach was disrupted from 19th century by application of the “purist” idea of bare surface of stone. Nevertheless, this treatment of stone surface has been coming back into use for many various reasons in the past few decades. Requirements for preservation of pieces of art and handcraft made of limestone using lime coatings are most often applied in the regions of Vyso!ina, South Moravia and South Bohemia, which directly border on the Northern States of Austria. Owing to the resource locations of Leitha limestone in these regions, there is a higher representation of cultural heritage monuments made of this type of stone in the Czech Republic.
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The role of angiotensin receptors in neuropathic pain
Kalynovska, Nataliia ; Paleček, Jiří (advisor) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
Neuropathic pain is one of the most debilitating disorders. Currently available treatments for neuropathic pain are still unsatisfactory as they have only limited treatment effect and patients may suffer from unwanted side effects. Mechanism-based approaches to neuropathic pain treatment are considered to be more effective. Therefore multiple studies are dedicated to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropathic pain. One of the possible underlying mechanism that causes neuropathic pain is neuroinflammation. Recent studies suggested that angiotensin II ( main effector molecule of the renin-angiotensin system) via its receptors in the central nervous system may be involved in the neuroinflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of angiotensin receptor type 1 in the developement and maintenance of neuropathic pain induced in animal model. Spinal nerve ligation (L5) was used as a model of peripheral neuropathy. Our results showed that treatment with AT1R blocker losartan markedly reduced thermal hyperalgesia and reduced increased sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in the SNL-operated rats.This indicates a possibly significant role of AT1 receptors in the development of neuropathic pain, probably due to reduction of neuroinflammation in the nervous system. These findings...
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Renaissance Appearance of Melnik Castle
Čermáková, Lucie ; Zlatohlávek, Martin (advisor) ; Nespěšná Hamsíková, Magdaléna (referee)
Renaissance appearance of Mělník chateau Bakalářská práce - Lucie Čermáková The appearance of Mělník chateau has been developed for centuries. We cannot tell it is a typical Renaissance building structure but the most significant reconstruction took place in a Renaissance era. At that time, its horizontal projection was L-shaped. A person in possession, at those times, Zdislav Berka z Dubé had merit in most extensive treatments of the chateau in mid-1600. He invested considerable amount of money into building-up of the northern arcade wing-wall and a sgraffito decoration of the courtyard. Building treatments got under way in 1542 when Berka acquired the chateau and its finalization is assumed to have come between 1554-1555, also according to extant bills and engraven style found in sgraffito decoration. Sgraffito decoration came into existence in connection with a new build-up of the northern wing-wall and a staircase tower, and it also dates back to the same period. Mělník's sgraffito was considered as the oldest dated sgraffito decoration for a long time. However, we know about older examples of dated sgraffitos nowadays which cannot change the fact that Mělník's arcades, including its decoration, still belong to one of the oldest. The structure of Mělník's arcades are not to be found anywhere...
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