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Zoochorous dispersal of vascular plants in the context of rewilding - study in the Milovice grazing reserve
Mádrová, Terezie ; Lepková, Barbora (advisor) ; Janíková, Eva (referee)
Seed dispersal is one of the most important mechanisms of plant population dynamics. One type of such dispersal is zoochory, i.e. the dispersal of seeds by animals, which is divided into two types - epizoochory (dispersal of seeds on the animal's body) and endozoochory (dispersal of seeds in the animal's digestive tract). For endozoochory in particular, the essential dispersers are large herbivores, which are one of the important elements defining the character and structure of vegetation and many species of which have disappeared from the European landscape as a result of human activity. Conservation management that uses the reintroduction of animal species to care for sites, is called rewilding. The non-profit organization Česká krajina deals with the reintroduction of large herbivores in our environment and established a reserve with horses (Equus ferus), European bison (Bison bonasus) and aurochs (Bos primigenus) in the former military area Milovice. My aim was to determine how these animals contribute to a local vegetation dynamics through zoochoric seed dispersal. I studied epizoochory using a germination experiment with the soil samples from under the so-called rubbing trees (by Heineken et al. 2006) from the spring of 2021. A total of 27 seedlings germinated from 120 soil samples, 85 % of...
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Multi-Source Simultaneous Speech Translation
Macháček, Dominik ; Bojar, Ondřej (advisor) ; Yvon, Francois (referee) ; Niehues, Jan (referee)
Neural machine translation has the capability to translate from several parallel in- puts into different languages. Current simultaneous speech translation sometimes faces issues with quality, especially when the source is noisy. We investigate the opportunity to use multiple parallel speech signals - the original and simultaneous interpreting - as sources for translation to achieve higher quality. We create an evaluation set ESIC (Europarl Simultaneous Interpreting Corpus). We analyze the challenges of simultane- ous interpreting when used as an additional parallel source. Then, we investigate the robustness of multi-sourcing to transcription errors and assess the reliability of machine translation metrics when evaluating simultaneous speech translation. Last but not least, we implement Whisper-Streaming, a tool that enables real-time processing of large offline speech-to-text models and demonstrates the state of the art. 1
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Spatio-temporal activity of African ungulates at water sources in Mogalakwena River Reserve, South Africa
Homoláč, David ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Bennitt, Emily (referee)
The large mammals of African savannah are a well-studied group of animals, but few studies focus on the temporal, circadian activity of this group of mammals. Such studies either use problematic methods of data collection (webcams, direct observations) or have been conducted in national parks or large reserves, where movement of the animals is not limited with anthropogenic structures. In such sites, the community of large mammals is usually complete, including the guild of large carnivores. Thus, small, fenced off reserves without a complete community of large mammals are understudied. Therefore, this work focuses on the spatio-temporal activity of ungulates at water sources in the Mogalakwena River Reserve in South Africa, which is an example of a reserve without large predators except the leopard (Panthera pardus). I used camera traps to assess the activity of ungulates, which I placed alongside the Mogalakwena River and at the water holes. With the help of artificial intelligence, I classified the photos to the level of activity of each species. I then tested this activity over space (type of water source) and against biotic and abiotic factors. The activity of ungulates at water sources is influenced by the maximum daily temperature, as the activity shifts to the evening hours during higher...
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3D modelování jako prostředek rozvoje tvořivosti žáků 2. stupně základní školy
SOSNA, Tomáš
The dissertation deals with the issue of creativity development using 3D modeling. In the introductory, theoretical part of the work, defining the concept of creativity is the first step towards understanding its essence and mechanisms. Defining the term 3D modeling is key to understanding its role and importance in the context of work. Although the connection of creativity with 3D modeling has great potential in the field of education and development of pupils' abilities, it is practically unexplored. At the same time, the teaching of 3D modeling is slowly but surely entering the curriculum of elementary schools and appears to be a good and modern means of teaching technical subjects that can develop the creativity of pupils. In addition, the possibility of the influence of a curricular document from the field of technology on creativity was investigated. The overlap with the planned major revisions of the RVP ZV is also mentioned, especially in the area of 3D modeling. In order to clarify the relationship between 3D modeling and creativity, quantitative research was carried out in the practical part of the work among pupils of the 2nd grade of primary schools. The research was divided into two areas A and B. In part A, the development of creativity in the control group, in which the teaching of technical education took place in the classic way, was compared with the development of creativity in the experimental group, in which the teaching took place with the support of 3D modeling tools. In part B, the development of creativity in the control group with 3D modeling lessons was compared with the development of creativity in the experimental group, in which the 3D modeling lessons were additionally supplemented with specially designed creative tasks. Data collection took place in the form of testing students using Torrance's Figural Test of Creative Thinking. The obtained results were processed using the Wilcoxon paired test and the Mann and Whitney U-test in the statistical program R. The main part of the work describes the results of the research, which are discussed from the perspective of the goal of the work and partial steps. In addition, the final summary discusses the possibilities for further research, which emerged from the results of this work, and identified recommendations for further investigation.
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3D models of rock relief based on various data
Pecáková, Kateřina ; Hartvich, Filip (advisor) ; Jelének, Jan (referee)
The use of digital elevation models is becoming increasingly used as a scientific method, thanks to the advancement of technologies and public accessibility, particularly in the fields of geomorphology and physical geography. The use of UAV significantly facilitates data collection and subsequent creation of a digital model through the structure from motion (SfM) process. Another data collection method employed in the research is the laser scanning using terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). The aim of the study is to create digital models using these methods and to compare them using the software environment of Agisoft Metashape and CloudCompare software. Additionally, it investigates the influence of georeferencing points on the quality and accuracy of the models. Furthermore, a comparison of the individual methods is conducted based on such parameters as time, costs, data flexibility, environmental impact, and others. The study also seeks to determine the influence of the digital model parameters on obtaining secondary information from the DEMs, such as slope azimuth and geometry of structural planes and joints, used for example in the research of the prevention of potential rockfalls. The results indicate that the use of UAVs is suitable, if not the best option, for geomorphological features in...
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Temporality in Bikesharing in Urban Mobility: The Case of the City of Písek
Kučera, Ondřej ; Marada, Miroslav (advisor) ; Květoň, Tomáš (referee)
Shared cycling mobility has positive impacts on urban environments. However, the functioning of bike-sharing systems in medium-sized cities remains relatively underexplored. This thesis focuses on analysing the rhythms and temporality of bike rentals in the city of Písek across different timeframes. The study examines the differences between weekdays and weekends, as well as between the school year and summer holidays. The analytical approach is based on geolocation data provided by the service provider. Through spatial analysis, analysis of flows between different types of stations, and analysis of rhythms at selected stations, the author identifies differences in the mobility patterns of the population. Institutional constraints, such as school schedules or service opening hours, have a significant influence on the mobility patterns of residents, with the most noticeable differences observed between weekdays and weekends. The results suggest that the differences between weekends during the school year and holidays are not significant, while differences between weekdays during the school year and holidays primarily involve the activity of students. During the school year, students are constrained by school attendance, while during holidays, they tend to travel for recreation or sports activities....
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Micromobility in Brno
Honl, Tomáš ; Šebela, Kamil (referee) ; Janoušek, Michal (advisor)
The focus of the bachelor thesis is passenger transport and the related micromobility. Especially in large cities it is possible to use the so-called Shared Transport, i.e. one where a means of transport is rented only for the time needed for transport, after which it is immediately available to other users. Therefore, the first part will be devoted to the introduction of the different means, both conventional and shared. In parallel, some of the advantages and pitfalls of the different transport methods will also be outlined. In the second part, representatives of each category will be put to the test on predetermined routes to see if and how their use can be beneficial. The comparisons will include price and speed of transport. The result will then be an evaluation of each means of transport.
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Utilising Large Pretrained Language Models for Configuration and Support of a Clinical Information System
Sova, Michal ; Burget, Radek (referee) ; Rychlý, Marek (advisor)
The aim of this work is to get acquainted with the essence and use of large pre-trained language models, to get acquainted with the configuration options of the clinical information system FONS Enterprise and the possibility of its adaptation to the specific environment of customers. The work first presents large pre-trained language models and the FONS Enterprise clinical information system. This work examines possibilities of training models and implementing RAG methods on data from the clinical system. The implementation of the RAG architecture is supported by the tools LangChain and LlamaIndex. The results show that the RAG method with the Gemma model and the bge-m3 embedding model provides the most relevant answers on basic questions, but struggles to understand more complex questions. The method of pre-training the model does not produce the expected results, even after adjusting the training parameters.
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Growth of organic semiconductor on heteromolecular layer
Mrhačová, Petra ; Redondo, Jesús (referee) ; Procházka, Pavel (advisor)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá přípravou a analýzou heteromolekulárních vrstev obsahujících molekuly kyseliny 1,3,5-benzentribenzoové (BTB) nebo kyseliny 4,4'-bifenyl-dikarboxylové (BDA) spolu s pentacenovými molekulami na substrátu Ag(111). Uspořádání molekul v takových vrstvách závisí na několika faktorech, jako je množství deponovaných molekul na povrchu, pořadí, v jakém jsou molekuly deponovány, a míra deprotonace jejich karboxylových skupin. Následně byl studován růst organického polovodiče pentacenu na heterovrstvě obsahující BTB a pentacenové molekuly. Bylo zjištěno, že růst probíhá ve formě velkých ostrůvků, které se rozrůstají dendriticky. Tyto ostrůvky však nejsou kompaktní, ale skládají se z malých molekulových klastrů. Všechny vytvořené vrstvy byly zkoumány v podmínkách ultravysokého vakua (UHV) pomocí nízkoenergetického elektronového mikroskopu (LEEM) a rastrovacího tunelového mikroskopu (STM).
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