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Children's wards nurses knowledge of taking care of intermediate-term vascular access devices
Müllerová, Julie ; Hromádková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Průšová, Kateřina (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is focused on mapping and researching the nurses knowledge of taking care of intermediate-term vascular access devices inserted to pediatric patients. The aim of the work was to find out, based on a questionnaire, the level of nurses knowledge of individual types of intermediate-term catheters and nursing procedures related to catheters. The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis includes pediatric anatomical specifics, general characteristics of vascular access devices, specifically described types of intermediate-term vascular access devices and nursing care of these catheters. The empirical part presents classified data in the form of overviews of tables and sectional charts, which are then compared with hypotheses based on age, length of practice, type of workplace and specialized competence of the respondent in the field of intensive care. The research methodology consisted in distributing a self-designed structured questionnaire in the form of a didactic test to nurses working in the children's wards of The University Hospital in Motol Faculty Hospital. The examined sample consisted of 76 respondents. Based on the questionnaire survey statistically significant difference was found in three particular items depending on the type of workplace of respondents in favor of...
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Migrant Parents in the Czech Republic: Child Health Care Experiences and Attitudes Towards Childhood Vaccination
Dvořáčková, Lenka ; Smith, Simon (advisor) ; Hasmanová Marhánková, Jaroslava (referee)
This thesis presents data gained from qualitative research that took place in Prague, Czech Republic during winter 2022 and spring 2023. The aim was to find out how foreign mothers perceive the local health care system and mandatory immunization scheme. The theoretical part presents information and statistics related to immunization worldwide and in the Czech Republic. The sociological theoretical part discusses Parsons' and other researchers' work on doctor-patient relationship and Beck's risk society in relation to immunization. The research is based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 14 women who are migrant mothers. All except one interview was conducted online via the Zoom platform. The analysed data presents, firstly, the informants' experiences with healthcare for children; secondly, their communication and relationship with paediatricians; and thirdly, their general attitudes and sources of information used to make immunization choices for their children. The results demonstrate the importance for these mothers' sense of agency and wellbeing of building trusting relationships, sharing decision making and choosing the appropriate language(s) for communication.
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Scale assessment in nursing process for children
BENEDIKTOVÁ, Anna
Introduction The nursing process is an integral part of quality nursing care in paediatrics. This process contains many individual components that can work together to create a whole that not only assists nurses, but also makes patients' hospital stays more enjoyable. One of the components is assessment and measurement scales. These can be focused on pain, consciousness, nutrition or fall risk. Objectives of the work The aim was to become familiar with assessment and measurement scales in paediatrics and to find out their application in the nursing process in selected paediatric wards. First, we investigated which assessment scales can be applied in the nursing process in children. This was followed by interviews in which we focused on the assessment scales used in the selected wards and how nurses view the use of assessment scales. Methodology The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, we searched the literature for assessment and measurement scales in paediatrics. In the second phase, we conducted closely interviews, which were conducted with nurses working in standard wards or in the ICU. The research investigation was developed by searching information from the literature and also using closely interviews with nurses in our selected wards. Data collection was conducted from January to June 2023. All interviews were recorded on a dictaphone and then transcribed into MS Word. The "pencil paper" method was used to analyse and code the data. Subsequently, the data was broken down into units, which were assigned appropriate codes and these were grouped into categories. These categories and subcategories were then worked into clear diagrams and described in detail. Results From the research we found that there are many scales for assessing pain, and not all can be applied to the same age. In addition, for each of the scales the correct tally or technique needs to be found and each is rated differently in the result. Nurses are familiar with the assessment scales they use on the wards and know what they are used for, but do not know their exact names, but rather a general one for the assessment issue. Most nurses spoke in general terms such as 'pain assessment', 'fall risk assessment', 'consciousness assessment'. Not all units use the same assessment techniques, nor do they all use the same assessment domains. Conclusion The results show that rating scales are an essential part of nursing documentation. So many assessment scales have been used that most wards are able to choose one that suits their particular issue and the department we selected did so. However, it is important to choose the right one with respect to the age and psychomotor development of the child. This bachelor's thesis can be used in the theoretical and practical part of teaching in Paediatric Nursing. The assessment techniques can be used in professional practice in the respective departments or we can offer a pain assessment scale that we have devised. It could assist nurses in diagnosing and determining the degree of pain in all ages.
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Cultural diversity of early childcare
HOSENSEIDLOVÁ, Štěpánka
This bechalor thesis is refers to diverse ways of early care for children across the cultures. This is also the main topic of this thesis. In the first part, the thesis clarifies the roots of the cultural diversity and its reasons. Further, the thesis clarifies the concept of early care for children and also describes the child´s development, it´s needs and also deals with the aspects that influence the early care and upbringing. In the next chapter, the thesis deals with its main topic which is the early care for children across the cultures. The thesis follows up the childbirth, breast-feeding, sleep, crying and the child´s contact with the mother. In the last part, the thesis deals with the interaction between an early age child and games and also with the fact what the early care for children in Czechia looks like.
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The role of a nurse in preventing CAN syndrome
KADEŘÁVKOVÁ, Adéla
Abstract Current State: CAN (Child Abuse and Neglect) Syndrome is defined as physical and mental abuse, sexual abuse and neglect of a child. CAN syndrome is the result of an intentional activity of parents or other adults towards a child, the most extreme form of which is killing the child. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the trends of CAN syndrome occurences in the Czech Republic within the observed period of 2008-2018, to describe nursing care for children suffering from the CAN syndrome, and to evaluate the role of nurses within the area of preventing this syndrome. Methodology: A combination of a qualitative and quantitative research strategy was chosen for the empiric part of the thesis. To collect data for the quantitative research the method of secondary analysis of MLSA documentation from the period of 2008-2018 was chosen. 79 340 cases of maltreated children were analysed. To collect data for the qualitative research, the method of semi-structured interviews was used. The research file consisted of nurses working at a paediatric clinic at a chosen hospital in Prague (10 nurses) and nurses working at practitioners´ offices for children and adolescents (5 nurses). The size of the research file was given by theoretical data saturation. Results: In the period of 2008-2018, 79 340 abused and neglected children were reported to the MLSA. The most frequent form of CAN Syndrome was neglect (65.8 %). 12.6 % children suffering from CAN Syndrome were mentally abused, 12% were sexually abused, and 9.6 % children were physically abused. Proportion of boys and girls was relatively balanced (48 % boys, and 52 % girls). The most numerous group of abused children according to their age were children aged 6-15 (56%). Statistical testing has proved the hypothesis that in the period of 2008-2018, there was a statistically significant growth in the number of children with the CAN Syndrome diagnosis (p<0,001). Addressed nurses came into contact with this syndrome within their practice, they were well educated within the area of symptoms, differentiation between individual forms of CAN, diagnosis, and risk factors leading to the CAN Syndrome. Nurses in both, primary as well as inpatient care play a significant role in preventing the CAN Syndrome. Nevertheless, as the interviews have proven, they do not educate all of the parents about this syndrome, they only do so in risk groups of parents and children. Conclusion and Recommendations for Praxis: The quantitative study that evaluated the statistical data coming from MLSA, has confirmed a significant growth the number of children suffering from the CAN Syndrome for the last ten years. Due to this fact, it is necessary to put greater emphasis on the CAN Syndrome prevention. Based on the results of the study and general recommendations, further recommendations for the management of nursing care have been designed, dealing specifically with the issues of prevention and nursing care after children suffering from the CAN Syndrome.
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The use of iPad in occupational therapy with children with special needs. Subtitle: Focusing on children with neurological findings in preschool age
Ševčíková, Darina ; Janatová, Markéta (advisor) ; Sýkorová, Jitka (referee)
of the Thesis: The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to create a manual on iPad use for parents of children with special needs. The manual will be used in home-based therapy, which will be parents able to guide without continuous supervision of a professional worker. The theoretical part deals with the general procedures and methodologies of occupational therapy in the field of paediatrics, especially for children with special needs. In addition, the thesis discusses the use of technology, games and other apps in therapy, as well as the safety risks of overuse and misuse. The role of the family in the child's rehabilitative care and in home-based therapy is an integral part of the work. The practical part is based on a practical verification of the effectiveness of the tablet as a rehabilitation tool and the subsequent creation of a manual for working with the iPad. Keywords: occupational therapy, paediatrics, children, special needs, iPad, game apps, telerehabilitation
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Metabolism of immunosuppressants in children with inflammatory bowel disease
Pospíšilová, Kristýna ; Bronský, Jiří (advisor) ; Leníček, Martin (referee) ; Dědek, Petr (referee)
Metabolism of immunosuppressants in children with inflammatory bowel disease Abstract Thiopurines are still used as the main immunosuppressants in the maintenance therapy of paediatric Crohn's disease. According to official guidelines, in case of failure, biological therapy (mainly infliximab or adalimumab) is generally commenced. The present thesis focuses on the possibilities of therapy optimization in children in whom the conventional Crohn's disease therapy has failed based on the metabolism of administered immunosuppressive medications. We confirmed that the knowledge of thiopurine metabolites concentration in red blood cells may help to monitor patients' adherence to therapy. However, according to our observations in children on combination therapy of infliximab and thiopurine lower concentrations of 6- thioguanine (the active metabolite of thiopurines) seems to be effective compared to what has been expected. We presented a web application designed to partially substitute for the thiopurine metabolite measurements based on easily available laboratory data. Last, but not least, we confirmed that the clinical effect and safety profile of both adalimumab and infliximab are similar in the treatment of paediatric Crohn's disease. Only in case of family history of atopic dermatitis adalimumab may be preferred.
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The EACH Charter as an instrument of bolstering and protection of ethical aspects of paediatric hospitalization
Královec, Jiří ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
The Charter of rights of children in hospital (the EACH Charter) is an international document authored by the European Association for Children in Hospital (EACH) in the eighties of the twentieth century. The Charter can be perceived as a response to the fact that a child's stay in hospital - and paediatric hospital as an institution - is strongly influenced and formed by economical, technological and administrative aspects prevailing over the ethical ones. The Charter highlights specific situations where the health care profession - by neglecting children's needs and ignoring and/or tolerating avoidable suffering - becomes unethical. The aim of my thesis is to scrutinize the ethical appeal of the EACH Charter and to explore the Charter's ethical implications for contemporary paediatric practice in the Czech Republic.
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The selected acute conditions in pediatrics from the point of view of paramedic
HANOUSKOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis deals with the problems of states which can immediately endanger the child's life and are solved in pre-hospital emergency care by emergency squads including paramedics. They must possess the appropriate knowledge and experience. Without their early and effective help, a child patient could experience irreversible health changes or even die. The thesis is divided into theoretical and research part. The theoretical part deals with the differences between pediatric and adult patients because by providing pre-hospital emergency care it is important to think constantly about the fact that a child is not a small adult and that taking care of him or her carries its specifics which must be respected. Furthermore, this part deals with selected acute conditions in paediatrics from the point of view of a paramedic. The research part comprises of a quantitative research based on interviews containing 24 questions and the research group consisted of 12 paramedics performing their profession in the South Bohemian region. It includes analysis of acquired data and their evaluation. The goal of the work is to map the awareness of paramedics about the issue of selected acute states in paediatrics.
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The role of paediatric nurses in the prevention of chronic respiratory diseases of children with a focus on prevention of parents' smoking
TRUČKOVÁ, Zdeňka
Abstract Objective: The research study is to characterize the nurses´ role in the prevention of chronic respiratory disease, focusing on smoking prevention. The next objective is to raise awareness among parents about the negative impacts of smoking on the health of their children. It was then established, how many informations have got parents smokers about adverse effect on the health of their children. In relation to these objectives was established six research questions. The way of achieving the objective: To achieve the objectives a method of qualitative research was chosen, which was implemented through in-depth interviews. On the basis of specified research questions were created individual categories for getting answers to the research questions. It was elected a methode of intentional choice. Survey research took place in outpatient offices in the districts Znojmo and Brno Venkov. 10 parents smokers and 10 nourses agreed to be interwieved through using a method of anonymous questioning. Scientific benefits: A research study presents an overview of the impact of smoking on the health of children, the possibilities for intervention in the prevention of chronic diseases of children and and helping their parents smokers in the treatment of tobacco dependence. It will find application in primarily preventive and inpatient care as well. The knowledges gained and their conclusions: Baby nurse has important and irreplaceable role in the healthy development of children and in the prevention of risks to their health. Risk behaviour of children and youth is currently a serious social problem. The educational efforts has to be directed to change lifestyle and its components and is connected with the support of health. The results of our investigation shows that parents smokers often underestimate the influence smoking on the health of their children and are not very willing to do something for children. Parents also underestimate the effect of passive smoking, even though most of them have sufficient information about the risks. Whereas, children usually can't decide on environment, where they live, health professionals would aim interventions to protect children including the unborn ones. Question of health education is included in the nurse´s competences and is ordered to the doctors and nurses by law. It is therefore desirable that paramedics, having used their authority, increase their efforts and interventions to promote non-smoking. Nurse can help the patient with motivation and treatment their addiction and intervene according to recommendations based on scientific evidences. To a short 10 minute intervention has nurse opportunity apply in every contact with the patient, during his visit at doctor´s office or at the hospital in the pacients admitted to hospital. At least ask about smoking and give the smokers clear recommandation how to stop smoking and offer clear advice to the treatment referred in the brochure, with information of the harmful effects of smoking on the health of children. Use for practice: The conclusions were accepted in the scientific magazine Pediatry for practice and magazine Florence.
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