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The use of unstable surfaces in physiotherapy for people with osteoporosis
HRAZDIROVÁ, Nikola
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a chronic bone disease that affects postmenopausal women and older people. One of the important factors in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is regular exercise, which can be done with the help of balance platforms. These platforms offer an unstable surface that activates the muscles of the deep stabilization system, improving balance and stability of the body. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I describe the anatomy of bones, characteristics of osteoporosis, examination and treatment. I also discuss the topic of sensorimotor stimulation, history, performance, tools, deep stabilization system and balance. The practical part of the study was developed by means of qualitative research in which three patients with diagnosed osteoporosis. Data collection was in the form of case studies, the components of which included anamnesis, input and output kinesiological analyses (containing several tests), posturograph and podoscope examinations. In addition, there is a description of the therapies that took place about 9 weeks. I have set three goals for my work. To chart the issues of people with osteoporosis. Then to build an exercise routine on unstable surfaces. Finally, to create an educational booklet with exercises for osteoporosis patients. My work will focus on the importance of an individual approach to the issues of people with osteoporosis. The work can be used in the clinical practice of physiotherapists or can be used for people who have been diagnosed with osteoporosis.
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The role of vitamin D in the laboratory diagnosis of osteoporosis
BECHEROVÁ, Alexandra
This bachelor thesis deals with the role of vitamin D in the human body in the context of osteoporosis. Vitamin D is crucial for bone metabolism and immune function. Vitamin D deficiency, called hypovitaminosis D, can lead to various health problems, including osteoporosis, characterized by weakened bones and increased risk of fractures. This paper focuses on a comparison of vitamin D levels between screened patients and patients with osteoporosis, examining possible associations between these levels and the incidence of the disease.
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Implementation of Fracture Liaison Service in the Czech Republic
VRABLÍKOVÁ, Květa
The main goal of the rigorous work was to verify the feasibility of implementing a coordinated care program for patients after osteoporotic fractures (so-called low traumatic fractures) of the so-called Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) system in the Czech Republic from the point of view of nurses' access. Sub-objectives of the quantitative research mapped the current status of adherence to procedures in the care of patients after low-traumatic fracture from the perspective of nurses, attitudes of nurses towards implementing FLS, and access to continuing education for the position of FLS coordinator. The sub-objectives of the qualitative research compared the development of care for osteoporotic patients in the Czech Republic between 2010 and 2019. They compared the situation in Lithuania, Romania, and Slovakia between 2010 and 2019.
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Stress - strain analysis of jaw with tooth implant type BOI
Marcián, Petr ; Fuis, Vladimír (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
Submitted master thesis deals with stress - strain analysis of jaw, with dental implant. The implant serve as a suitable pillar for crown or dental bridge, when one or more teeth are lost. The project is oriented on BOI (basale - oseo - integrable) dental implant type, which is produced by DENTALIHDE company. Stress – strain condition of the mandible system with implant have been established by computational simulation, with use of the final elements method. Important part of down jowl is simulated on with EDS and EDDS applied types of implants. After implementation the implant begins to heal. Therefore the special attention is paid to stress - strain states on various level of osteointegration. There is a detail description of production of single part computational model and his solving in the master thesis. Presentation of large chapter with results and subsequent alteration stress - strain analysis is part of the master thesis. Program SolidWorks 2005 was used to create the geometric model. Computational model and the actual solving was accomplished with use of ANSYS 11.0 and ANSYS Wor-kbench systems.
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Analysis of 3D CT image data aimed at segmentation of bone elements and other specific tissue types
Kodym, Oldřich ; Herout, Adam (referee) ; Jan, Jiří (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to get acquainted with methods of determining bone mineral density from appropriate tissue types in diagnostic CT data and possibly modifying or extending them in order to make the bone quality diagnosis more reliable. The thesis begins by introducing the issue of determining bone quality. Next, a method that takes cortical bone deformations into account as well as bone mineral density is introduced. Accuracy assessment based on opinion of a medical expert suggests positive outcome of future objective accuracy assessment utilizing so far unavailable base of calibrated CT data, that is needed before deployment into clinical practice. If the accuracy of the suggested method is confirmed this way, this work provides a so far absent tool for fully automatic preventive diagnostics of osteoporosis.
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Analysis of methods of modeling bone loss due to osteoporosis
Orlová, Lucie ; Marcián, Petr (referee) ; Vosynek, Petr (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá biomechanikou kosti. Hlavním cílem je teoretický průzkum řešení pro výpočtové modelování dlouhých kostí a změn této struktury vlivem osteoporózy. V rámci rešerše jsou vysvětleny související biologické pojmy a základní principy mechaniky. Na základě informací shromážděných v teoretické části práce jsou provedeny výpočty pomocí metody konečných prvků v programu ANSYS.
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Analysis of Response Variables of Bone Tissue under Mechanical Loading
Vosynek, Petr ; Daniel, Matej (referee) ; Janíček, Přemysl (referee) ; Návrat, Tomáš (advisor)
Dissertation summarizes the results of computational and experimental modeling in the field of biomechanics engineering. Analyses are focused on selected variables that complement or can supplement existing methods of prediction of bone fractures. In terms of computational modeling the variables are based on stress strain analysis. The greater part of the work has been aimed on experimental modeling which is used for monitoring the two dominant components of bone tissue, which are minerals and collagen fibers. The current most widely used variable for the description of bone loss (osteopenia, osteoporosis) is areal bone mineral density (BMD). This variable does not however provide any information about the change in total volume consequently change of mineral and collagen. Proposed mechanical values follow the loss of the two components during simulation of minerals loss (demineralization) and simulation of collagen loss (deproteinization) in vitro for long turkey bones
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The effect of a weight loss on bone and energy metabolism in premenopausal women with obesity
Malinová, Pavlína ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
Introduction: Current findings show that obesity may not only have a protective effect in terms of the osteoporosis development. Although higher mechanical load on bones in obese people increases bone mass density, inflammatory cytokines produced by adipose tissue, on the contrary, increase bone resorption. The reduction of body weight itself can contribute to the deterioration of the quality of bone mass. Aim: The main aim of the study was to evaluate changes in BMD and selected parameters of body composition during a 2-month strict very low-calorie diet (VLCD) and a subsequent 4-month low-calorie diet (LCD) in premenopausal women with obesity. Methods: The study was carried out at the workplaces of the III. Internal Clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague and the Institute of Endocrinology in Prague. Data were collected in the period from April 2021 to May 2023. 11 patients participated in the study with dietary intervention, data was processed from 10 of them. The average age was 44.1 ± 9.3 years, the average weight was 94 ± 10.4 kg. The control group consisted of 14 patients, 10 of them were included in the study. The average age in the control group was 40.7 ± 6.4 years, the average weight was 64.4 ± 7.5 kg. Patients of the intervention group were given a very low-calorie diet with...
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Radiologist assistant´s work in bone densitometry department
MIKŠOVSKÁ, Kateřina
In the bachelor´s thesis is explains and throughly describes bone density scan. Densitometry measures bone mineral density (BMD) and bone density. The test is used primarily to detect an osteoporosis diagnosis. The examinatio is most often performed on the lumbar spine, vertebras (L1-L4) and a left hip joint. During the examination the right positioning a patient is important. It is also necessary to use suitabla positioning supports and correctly asses and anylyze the picture. Osteoporosis is a bone disease that cause a loss of bone density. It is also called the silent killer, because it ogten develops without ay symptoms or pain. The most common cause a fit is lack vitami D, menopause and some other illnesses. Osteoporosis causes the thinning of bones which can lead to fracture of vertebras, proximal end of a femur, distal section of forearm, fractures of ribs, pelvis and tibia. Losing height up to several centimetres is typice for this disease.
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