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Current occurrence of lactose intolerance and cow's milk protein intolerance in the Czech population
NESTÁVALOVÁ, Sára Marie
Lactose intolerance is one of the most common food intolerances in the world. The global prevalence of lactose intolerance ranges from 57% to 65%. Lactose intolerance is caused by a reduction or complete loss of the enzyme lactase. The enzyme lactase breaks down milk sugar into two simple monosaccharides glucose and galactose. According to the origin of the lactase loss, lactose intolerance can be divided into four groups: congenital lactase deficiency, developmental lactase deficiency, primary lactase deficiency (adulthood hypolactasia), and secondary lactase deficiency. There are two polymorphisms associated with lactose intolerance in the European population. Polymorphisms C/T-13910 and G/A-22018. Wild type genotype CC or GG is associated with lactose intolerance. Heterozygous genotype CT or GC is associated with partial lactose intolerance. Mutant homozygous genotype TT and AA is associated with lactase persistence. Allergy to cow's milk protein (casein), unlike lactose intolerance, is an immunologically mediated reaction to casein. It is usually a childhood disease appearing in infancy. After breastfeeding is discontinued, the allergy resolves, and persistence of the allergy into adulthood is rare. The worldwide prevalence of cow's milk protein allergy is 3 to 6%. In the practical part, I examined RFLP-PCR for genotyping of C/T-13910 and G/A-22018 polymorphisms. The results are statistically processed. The processed data serve as a prevalence of lactose intolerance in the Czech population. Allergy was investigated using immuno-enzymatic method to determine food allergens. Specific IgG4 antibodies against food allergens were examined. The results were statistically processed. From the results of subjects tested for both lactose intolerance and cow's milk protein allergy, statistics of the co-occurrence of lactose intolerance and cow's milk protein allergy were created.
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Current knowledge about the influence of the intestinal microbiome on the development, course and consequences of lactose intolerance
Černá, Pavlína ; Tomešová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis investigates the current knowledge about the influence of the gut microbiome on the development and severity of lactose intolerance, as well as whether and how it can be changed to influence the course of existing lactose intolerance and its immediate and long- term consequences. In the first part of this bachelor thesis I discuss lactose itself and its metabolism, which shows its direct link to the gastrointestinal tract. Lactose intolerance (LI) is also described, how it is diagnosed, what it manifests itself as, and what its degrees are. The next chapter discusses the relationship between LI, the gut, and the gut microbiome. First, I focus here on the possible adaptability of the gut, which is mainly determined by the presence of the microbiome. There is also a link between LI and other gastrointestinal disorders in which gut bacteria play a role. The microbiome is a very dynamic population of different types of bacteria, fungi and viruses that can influence the course of lactose intolerance. This can be exploated in the subsequent therapy of LI with probiotics, which are included in part three. The most commonly used probiotic bacteria are representatives of the genus Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. However, probiotics are not the only option for using the gut microbiome...
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Relevance of nutritional recommendations obtained electronically from different sources
Neprašová, Marie ; Hubáček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
This thesis focuses on nutritional recommendations as information provided by national and international institutions that they receive to individuals. It can be their activity in society and the creation of educational materials or the opportunity to address them directly about a specific problem. The theoretical part introduces the topic of general nutritional recommendations, which are designed primarily for the whole society or for a certain group of people (like children, seniors etc.). Finally, the exact topics that are not usually included in the general nutritional recommendations for the population are discussed. These are mainly health conditions where a specific direction of diet is necessary, and the diet has its given restrictions. The topics were selected based on their popularity and topicality in the population. The work analyzes topics such as salt intake in food, iron deficiency, eating disorders, possible nutrient deficiencies in the vegetarian diet, but also metabolic disorders such as phenylketonuria, milk protein allergy or lactose intolerance. Due to the focus on Czech nutritional recommendations, it was drawn mainly from Czech publications of renowned personalities in the field of nutrition, medicine and food, they were supplemented by current scientific studies, which were...
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Lactose intolerance and adding dairy products into the diet
KÁCHOVÁ, Nikola
The bachelor's thesis entitled "Lactose intolerance and the inclusion of dairy products in the diet" is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with the issue of lactose intolerance, calcium, discusses the importance of milk and dairy products in the diet and also deals with dietary solutions. The practical part is focused on the general awareness of people diagnosed with lactose intolerance, the inclusion of milk and dairy products in the diet and their evaluation. The aim is to map the inclusion of milk and dairy products in the diet of patients with lactose intolerance and to evaluate whether the diet of patients with lactose intolerance is adequate in terms of energy, macronutrient and calcium intake. The research is carried out using a quantitative method using a questionnaire. I obtained respondents, people diagnosed with lactose intolerance, with the help of doctors and nutrition therapists, but also with me personally during the internships. I also evaluated weekly menu entries using by Nutriservis Professional. From the obtained data, I found out that patients with lactose intolerance include milk and dairy products in the diet sporadically. Their lactose-free variants are included in the diet more often, but the survey found that they prefer plant alternatives to milk and dairy products. The recommended calcium intake was not achieved in selected respondents if they do not supplement calcium. Dietary calcium intake averages 394 mg/day. More than half of the respondents do not achieve the required intake of energy, macronutrients or calcium. This bachelor's thesis can serve as a source of information for patients with lactose intolerance, or for students interested in this issue, professionals and the general public. It points to deficiencies in the diets of patients with lactose intolerance.
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Proportion of calcium in selected dairy products
ŠINDELÁŘOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis deals with the most important mineral substances that are found in milk and the role of calcium in the human body. It also characterizes the calcium content and its availability in selected dairy products and other foods. The next part deals with the issue of lactose intolerance - definition, manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. The last part is devoted to analytical methods used to determine the calci-um content of milk.
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Výskyt laktózové intolerance v české populaci
CHÁNOVÁ, Jiřina
The aim of this diploma thesis is to summarize the current knowledge on the issue of very common gastrointestinal disorder - lactose intolerance. In the experimental part, the occurrence of genotypic frequencies in the MCM6 gene was screened. Specifically, the occurrence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms C/T-13910 and G/A-22018, which are associated with primary hypolactasia. A further aim of the work was to evaluate the possible association between lactose intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome.
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Laboratory functional diagnostics of malabsorption syndromes with the focus on lactose intolerance
Pluhařová, Apolena ; Kocna, Petr (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with laboratory functional diagnostics of malabsorption syndromes. Especially the functional diagnosis of lactose intolerance. The golden standard for the functional diagnosis of lactose intolerance is the breath test. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of lactose intolerance (LI) using a lactose breath test when consuming a dose of 20 g of lactose in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and in volunteers who do not show gastrointestinal problems. Part of the research was also to examine the symptoms that led the individual to see a doctor and undergo a lactose breath test. The method consisted in the evaluation of the results of breath tests, which were performed on patients and volunteers in the gastroenterological laboratory of the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University and the General Hospital. A questionnaire was given to everyone to evaluate the symptoms of LI and the phenomena leading to malabsorption. Lactose intolerance was confirmed in 92 % of patients and 79 % of volunteers. The most reported symptoms in the patient sample were typical gastrointestinal LI-related problems: gastric and intestinal problems after milk consumption (85 % of patients), gastric and intestinal problems after consumption of dairy products (85 % of patients),...
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Calcium intake in individuals with dietary restrictions of milk and dairy foods
Novák, Ondřej ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Raška, Ivan (referee)
The goal of my master's thesis is to research calcium intake in individuals with partial or complete dietary restriction of milk and dairy products. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part mostly originates from foreign scholarly articles and describes calcium from various points of view. This part informs about calcium's functions in different parts of a human body, describes its metabolism and factors that could alter it. Furthermore, it describes homeostasis and results of homeostasis corruption. Additionally, this thesis analyses disorders related to calcium phosphate metabolism disorder like osteoporosis, osteomalatia and rachitis. Another disorder analyzed is lactose intolerance and cow's milk protein allergy which are disorders requiring restriction of milk and dairy products. The theoretical part also discusses content and efficiency of calcium in different articles of nutrition as well as daily recommended dosages appropriate for age and sex of individual. The practical part consists of a questionnaire aimed at calcium intake in researched group. Among other things the questionnaire investigates lifestyle of respondents and lifestyle connected risk factors of disorders like osteoporosis. It considers other osteoporosis risk factors such as disorders,...
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Lactose intolerance
Kašpárková, Týna ; Hubáček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Trachta, Pavel (referee)
(v AJ) The diploma thesis deals with problém called lactose introlerance. The theoretical part focuses primarily on what lactose, lactase and lactose inttolerance are. Its types, causes and symptoms, occurrence in the population (Czech and worldwide), diagnostic possibilities, both genetic and non-genetic and possible ways of prevention and treatment of this metabolic disorder. Other processed points are nutritional values of milk and dairy products, their importance in the diet, processing of milk and dairy products and their possible alternatives in the form of lactose-free milk preparations and so-called vegetable milk. The aim of the practical part of the thesis was to find out the respondents' awareness of lactose and lactose intolerance. Their consumpiton of milk and dairy products and knowledge and consumption of its plant substitutes. The results were examined by means of questionnaire survey, which was attended by both the ''lay'' public and persons with health education or health care. My result was that most respondents knew about the problem of lactose introlerance and its characteristics, up to 89.5 % of all tested. However, the public is less aware of the importance of milk and dairy products in the diet to prevent certain diseases. keywords: lactose intolerance, lactose, lactase,...
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