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Depressive symptoms in adolescents: an influence of age, gender, and relationships to personal characteristics and to perception of family environment
Macek, Petr ; Řehulková, Oliva ; Řehulka, Evžen
Two cohorts of adolescents (12 years old , n=441 and 16 years old, n=325) completed The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) an other instruments regarding family environment, self-esteem, and personality traits. Results revealed that a frequency of depressive symptoms is related to neuroticism but an influence of extraversion is not clear. Moreover, an optimism, self-esteem, and positive relationships to parents are significant predictors for both mentioned age groups.
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Depressive symptoms in adolescents: an influence of age and gender, relationships to personal characteristics and to perception of family environment
Řehulková, Oliva ; Macek, P. ; Řehulka, E.
This contribution is based on data of a long-term study on adolescent psychosocial development. Two age cohort (12 years old and 16 years old), 317 boys and 449 girls completed a set of instruments including a depression scale (the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ů Radloff, 1991), a questionnaire regarding personal dimensions (stability-lability, extraversion-introversion), and scales regarding perception and evaluation of family environment and atmosphere (warmth of mother, warmth of father, family trust, quarrels, coping strategies).
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Mental rotation of simplex signs
Vobořil, Dalibor ; Šikl, Radovan
One of the basic cognitive operations which enables us to recognize observed objects is mental rotation. In order to recognize any object we are continuously encountering in our everyday life we rotate their image in our mind until it corresponds with a prototypical appearance of a given object stored in memory. It is evident that such operation takes longer time when the apparent differences between the image of actual and stored object is considerable, i.e. when it is viewed from rather different angle. Whether this time is dependent also on structural characteristics of mentally rotated object was the scope of present experiment. Subjects were asked to recognize stimuli of different shapes (letters R, G, F, J and Z) exposed in different orientations as measured by their deviation from usual position (from 0 degree to 180 degrees). Our results indicate that reaction time necessary to recognize differently shaped figures is interindividually variable but the profile of increment of reaction time with increasing angle is similar for all observers, no matter which of letters is observed.
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Cross-cultural comparsion of five personality dimensions
Hřebíčková, Martina
The five factor model of personality provides a new framework for studying personality and culture at three levels. Transcultural research focuses on identifying human universals, intracultural studies examine the unique expression of traits in specific cultures, and intercultural research characterizes cultures in terms of mean levels of personality traits and seeks associations between cultural variables and personality traits. The contribution contains data on mean levels of Revised Personality Inventory scales from college age and adult samples (N=23500) from 27 cultures including Czech Republic. Some considerations about Czech national character are discussed and basic psychometric properties of the Czech version of the NEO-PI-R are mentioned.
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