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Temporal Evolution of Dry and Wet Conditions in the Czech Republic During the Growing Season
Potop, V. ; Boroneant, C. ; Možný, Martin ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Skalák, Petr
In the present study, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was adopted to assess temporal evolution of wet and dry months during growing season (April to September) in the Czech Republic based on a dense network of 184 climatological stations for the period 1961–2010. The SPEI were calculated with various lags, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months because the drought at these time scales is relevant for agricultural, hydrological and socio-economic impact, respectively. To assess the temporal evolution of dry and wet conditions during the growing season, first, the monthly time series of the SPEI for the months April to September were averaged at each station for each SPEI accumulation period (1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively). Then, these SPEI time series were averaged over all 184 stations to get a time series of drought index at country level. The temporal evolution of the SPEI with one month lag represents the year by year moisture characteristic of the current growing season. In this respect, at country level, during the second half of the 20th century and the first decade of 21st century, the hierarchy of the driest years during the growing season was 2003, followed by 1992, 2000, 1983, 1982, 1976, 2009 and 1999. On the other hand, the wettest years during the growing seasons were 1965, 2010, 1977, 1996, 1966, 2001, 1972, 1980 and 1995.
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Analysis of Rainfall Intensity in the Area of Brno
Štěpánek, Petr ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Doleželová, M.
The measurements of 18 stations in the area of Brno, in the Czech Republic, were established for the purpose of better management of the city sewerage system. The background for the measurements was to propose optimizations for the sewerage network for occasions of extremely intense precipitation. The automatic precipitation stations (instrument type SR 02) were installed with respect to the prevailing wind direction (inflow), and at least four stations were situated along the main sewerage routes (Prax et al., 2010). These measurements were combined with the measurements of CHMI. Before evaluation of the measurements, quality control was executed on the daily sums and 15-minute precipitations and all suspicious data were compared with radar measurements and erroneous input data were removed. From this quality-controlled data, the maxima of precipitation sums for durations of 5, 10, 15 and 60 minutes were calculated for the given time frames (months, seasons and years) and were spatially analyzed.
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Climate Change in the Area of the Czech Republic according to Various Model Simulations
Štěpánek, Petr ; Skalák, Petr ; Farda, Aleš ; Zahradníček, Pavel
In recent years, simulations from various regional climate models became available for the area of the Czech Republic, thank to several national or international projects (e.g. the EC FP6 projects CECILIA, ENSEMBLES or VaV). The simulations of the all models were performed according to the IPCC A1B emission scenario with various spatial resolutions. Since models suffer from biases, the model outputs were statistically corrected using the quantile approach of M. Déqué. After correction, RCM outputs were statistically processed and analyzed. In this paper, the differences between models outputs, as well as corrected and uncorrected results, are presented.
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Using remotely sensed NDVI for drought impact assessment within selected crops
Hlavinka, Petr ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Dobrovolný, P. ; Balek, J. ; Možný, M. ; Štěpánek, P. ; Hayes, M. ; Svoboda, M. ; Wardlow, B. ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The relationship between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and selected agrometeorological parameters (yields of selected crops, water balance) was investigated. The source for NDVI was Spectroradiometer MODIS within satellite Terra and it was available for grids in resolution 500 x 500 m from 2000 to 2010. The analysis was conducted within 12 grids spread through Southern and Central Moravian region. The information about cultivated crops (including spring barley, winter wheat, maize for grains, sugar beet and winter rape) were collected from the farmers and water balance simulated using SoilClim model.
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The responses of two resident and one long-distance migrant bird species to weather conditions in Czech Republic
Bartošová, Lenka ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Bauer, Z. ; Možný, M. ; Štěpánek, P. ; Žalud, Zdeněk
This analyse include three bird species: Sitta europaea L., Parus major L., and Ficedula albicollis T. The data was available for the period from 1961 to 2008 from 3 locations in Czech Republic (centered on 48 48N, 16 46E). S. europaea and P. major are residents, F. albicollis is long-distance migrant species and their phenological development (terms of laying eggs) passed over the different time periods during spring. Phenological phases of birds populations were analyzed and the shifts in the phenophases and also response to climate conditions differed among the bird species.
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