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Biomimetické polymer/grafenové vrstevnaté nanokompozity
Dostalík, Petr ; Ondreáš, František (oponent) ; Zbončák, Marek (vedoucí práce)
Tato bakalářská práce se zaobírá přípravou biomimetických polymer/grafenových vrstevnatých nanokompozitů. Za účelem přípravy nanokompozitů bylo nejdříve potřebné připravit vhodný grafénový materiál. Pro jeho přípravu byla zvolena Tour-Marcanova metoda, u které byl zkoumán vliv doby oxidace na strukturu výsledného grafen/grafit oxidu. Z výsledků strukturních analýz bylo vyhodnoceno, že po 4 hod. oxidace došlo k interkalaci struktury grafitu, vzniku kyslíkových skupiny (zejména epoxidových skupin) a zvětšení mezi-rovinné vzdálenosti za vzniku grafit oxidu (GO). Prodloužení oxidačního času nevedlo k zásadním změnám ve struktuře připraveného GO. Nanokompozity byly připraveny metodou spočívající v odpaření rozpouštědla. Jako matrice byl použit polární polymer – polyvinylalkohol (PVAl) za předpokladu silných interakcí mezí GO a PVAl. Za účelem podpoření interkalace GO byl v procesu přípravy nanokompozitů použit ultrazvukový dispergátor, jehož vliv se projevil nárůstem mezi-rovinné vzdálenosti GO v nanokompozitech. Bylo pozorováno, že mezi-rovinné vzdálenosti GO i krystalů PVAl jsou ovlivněny koncentrací jednotlivých složek v nanokompozitech, což nasvědčuje možné modifikaci krystalické struktury PVAl. Strukturní analýzou bylo zjištěno, že vrstvy GO byly v kompozitu úspěšně orientovány v jednom směru.
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Thermoplastic composites for automotive applications
Zbončák, Marek ; Pospíšil,, Ladislav (oponent) ; Jančář, Josef (vedoucí práce)
This diploma thesis deals with thermoplastic composites based on PMMA and PC matrix with potentially usage in automotive applications. Glass, carbon and PBO (poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)), with trademark name Zylon®, fibers were used as reinforcement. Lot of expectations was put into PBO fibers based on their tremendous mechanical properties. Effect of fiber volume fraction on tensile modulus, tensile strength and ductility was investigated and experimental data were compared with semi-empirical Halpin-Tsai model. Increasing glass and carbon fiber volume content led to relatively high tensile modulus but tensile strength decreased after specific fiber volume content due to increasing number of defects. PBO fibers showed almost no reinforcing effect. Dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA) served for evaluation of viscoelastic properties of composites. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the structure of composites.
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Magnetically assembled nanoparticle structures and their effect on mechanical response of polymer nanocomposites
Zbončák, Marek ; Khúnová,, Viera (oponent) ; Crosby, Alfred (oponent) ; Jančář, Josef (vedoucí práce)
Magnetically directed self-assembly in polymer nanocomposites is studied in this dissertation thesis. Structuring of the polymer nanocomposites by application of relatively weak external magnetic fields (B=0-50 mT) has been proven to be convenient method for the control of their nano- and microstructure. The effect of the field strength, particle loading, viscosity and assembling time on the resulted structure was studied in different systems such as photopolymer, polyurethane or colloidally dispersed magnetic nanoparticles in acetone with a small amount of dissolved polymer. Self-assembled structures – without application of the external magnetic field exhibit a multi-step aggregation into nanoparticle assemblies with a complex shape. By the calculation of interaction energies between the nanoparticles, magnetic interactions were attributed to be mainly responsible for the aggregation in self-assembled systems. With an increasing magnetic field, magnetic nanoparticles are rapidly arranged into high aspect ratio one-dimensional particle chains with a homogenous orientation in the bulk polymer matrix. After prolonged assembling time, the structures gradually grow from small submicro structures to large microscopic superstructures. This method exhibits large potential to be used for controlled creation of wide variety of structures in polymer nanocomposites suitable for technological applications and/or for fundamental studies. Magnetically structured polymer nanocomposites show significant directional anisotropy of composite’s stiffness at the temperatures above glass transition of the system while there is no effect on the mechanical response in glassy state. Longitudinally oriented structures exhibit much stronger effect on the composite’s stiffness. Reinforcing effectivity exhibits temperature dependent course with a maximum obtained approximately 60 °C above glass transition. The structure of magnetically assembled polymer nanocomposites was described by multi-level hierarchic model of material. Micromechanics was used to address the orientation dependent reinforcement and temperature dependent stiffness of the hybrid nanoparticle-polymer structures. Load carrying capability, deformation and non-zero stiffness of the hybrid structures were attributed to be responsible for the reinforcement of the polymer nanocomposites. The presence of polymer bridges between nanoparticles transmitting the stress through the magnetic structures is proposed to be essential for the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites and for stiffness of the hybrid structures.
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Polymer-cement composites for refractory aplications
Zbončák, Marek ; Ptáček, Petr (oponent) ; Šoukal, František (vedoucí práce)
This bachelor thesis deals with preparation of high-strength polymer-cement composites based on the calcium aluminate cement and polyvinylalcohol. MDF composites are interesting because of their mechanical properties which exceed strengths of the common materials based on the cement and inorganic binders. So they represent perspective kind of material which could be used for construction purposes. Thermal degradation of the polymer leads to structure changes of the composite and reduction of mechanical properties. Therefore thesis is aimed to characterize the influence of the temperature on mechanical properties, structural changes and material composition. Temperature dependence of flexural strength was examined during the work. Changes of composition and structure were characterized by XRD, DTA-TGA in combination with EGA, SEM and EDS analyses. Due to requirement of the material refractoriness there were also tested options of preparation of MDF composites based on phosphates binders which are used in refractory manufacture.
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Biomimetické polymer/grafenové vrstevnaté nanokompozity
Dostalík, Petr ; Ondreáš, František (oponent) ; Zbončák, Marek (vedoucí práce)
Tato bakalářská práce se zaobírá přípravou biomimetických polymer/grafenových vrstevnatých nanokompozitů. Za účelem přípravy nanokompozitů bylo nejdříve potřebné připravit vhodný grafénový materiál. Pro jeho přípravu byla zvolena Tour-Marcanova metoda, u které byl zkoumán vliv doby oxidace na strukturu výsledného grafen/grafit oxidu. Z výsledků strukturních analýz bylo vyhodnoceno, že po 4 hod. oxidace došlo k interkalaci struktury grafitu, vzniku kyslíkových skupiny (zejména epoxidových skupin) a zvětšení mezi-rovinné vzdálenosti za vzniku grafit oxidu (GO). Prodloužení oxidačního času nevedlo k zásadním změnám ve struktuře připraveného GO. Nanokompozity byly připraveny metodou spočívající v odpaření rozpouštědla. Jako matrice byl použit polární polymer – polyvinylalkohol (PVAl) za předpokladu silných interakcí mezí GO a PVAl. Za účelem podpoření interkalace GO byl v procesu přípravy nanokompozitů použit ultrazvukový dispergátor, jehož vliv se projevil nárůstem mezi-rovinné vzdálenosti GO v nanokompozitech. Bylo pozorováno, že mezi-rovinné vzdálenosti GO i krystalů PVAl jsou ovlivněny koncentrací jednotlivých složek v nanokompozitech, což nasvědčuje možné modifikaci krystalické struktury PVAl. Strukturní analýzou bylo zjištěno, že vrstvy GO byly v kompozitu úspěšně orientovány v jednom směru.
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Magnetically assembled nanoparticle structures and their effect on mechanical response of polymer nanocomposites
Zbončák, Marek ; Khúnová,, Viera (oponent) ; Crosby, Alfred (oponent) ; Jančář, Josef (vedoucí práce)
Magnetically directed self-assembly in polymer nanocomposites is studied in this dissertation thesis. Structuring of the polymer nanocomposites by application of relatively weak external magnetic fields (B=0-50 mT) has been proven to be convenient method for the control of their nano- and microstructure. The effect of the field strength, particle loading, viscosity and assembling time on the resulted structure was studied in different systems such as photopolymer, polyurethane or colloidally dispersed magnetic nanoparticles in acetone with a small amount of dissolved polymer. Self-assembled structures – without application of the external magnetic field exhibit a multi-step aggregation into nanoparticle assemblies with a complex shape. By the calculation of interaction energies between the nanoparticles, magnetic interactions were attributed to be mainly responsible for the aggregation in self-assembled systems. With an increasing magnetic field, magnetic nanoparticles are rapidly arranged into high aspect ratio one-dimensional particle chains with a homogenous orientation in the bulk polymer matrix. After prolonged assembling time, the structures gradually grow from small submicro structures to large microscopic superstructures. This method exhibits large potential to be used for controlled creation of wide variety of structures in polymer nanocomposites suitable for technological applications and/or for fundamental studies. Magnetically structured polymer nanocomposites show significant directional anisotropy of composite’s stiffness at the temperatures above glass transition of the system while there is no effect on the mechanical response in glassy state. Longitudinally oriented structures exhibit much stronger effect on the composite’s stiffness. Reinforcing effectivity exhibits temperature dependent course with a maximum obtained approximately 60 °C above glass transition. The structure of magnetically assembled polymer nanocomposites was described by multi-level hierarchic model of material. Micromechanics was used to address the orientation dependent reinforcement and temperature dependent stiffness of the hybrid nanoparticle-polymer structures. Load carrying capability, deformation and non-zero stiffness of the hybrid structures were attributed to be responsible for the reinforcement of the polymer nanocomposites. The presence of polymer bridges between nanoparticles transmitting the stress through the magnetic structures is proposed to be essential for the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites and for stiffness of the hybrid structures.
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Thermoplastic composites for automotive applications
Zbončák, Marek ; Pospíšil,, Ladislav (oponent) ; Jančář, Josef (vedoucí práce)
This diploma thesis deals with thermoplastic composites based on PMMA and PC matrix with potentially usage in automotive applications. Glass, carbon and PBO (poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)), with trademark name Zylon®, fibers were used as reinforcement. Lot of expectations was put into PBO fibers based on their tremendous mechanical properties. Effect of fiber volume fraction on tensile modulus, tensile strength and ductility was investigated and experimental data were compared with semi-empirical Halpin-Tsai model. Increasing glass and carbon fiber volume content led to relatively high tensile modulus but tensile strength decreased after specific fiber volume content due to increasing number of defects. PBO fibers showed almost no reinforcing effect. Dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA) served for evaluation of viscoelastic properties of composites. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the structure of composites.
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Polymer-cement composites for refractory aplications
Zbončák, Marek ; Ptáček, Petr (oponent) ; Šoukal, František (vedoucí práce)
This bachelor thesis deals with preparation of high-strength polymer-cement composites based on the calcium aluminate cement and polyvinylalcohol. MDF composites are interesting because of their mechanical properties which exceed strengths of the common materials based on the cement and inorganic binders. So they represent perspective kind of material which could be used for construction purposes. Thermal degradation of the polymer leads to structure changes of the composite and reduction of mechanical properties. Therefore thesis is aimed to characterize the influence of the temperature on mechanical properties, structural changes and material composition. Temperature dependence of flexural strength was examined during the work. Changes of composition and structure were characterized by XRD, DTA-TGA in combination with EGA, SEM and EDS analyses. Due to requirement of the material refractoriness there were also tested options of preparation of MDF composites based on phosphates binders which are used in refractory manufacture.
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