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Critical Transmission Sectors of Energy-Water-GHG Nexus
Wang, Xuechao ; Ditl,, Pavel (oponent) ; Nizetic, Prof Sandro (oponent) ; Dr hab. inż. Paweł Ocłoń, prof. PK (oponent) ; Klemeš, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
Water utilisation, energy consumption and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions are crucial indicators and very much related for maintaining or achieving the Environmental and social sustainability. This thesis presents the methodologies have been developed and case studies have been conducted to explore and identify the Water-Energy-GHG Nexus (WEGN) from the supply chain perspective. Three methodologies which are based on the application and integration of the Input-Output (IO) model, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Supply Chain Network (SCN) are proposed, for analysing and designing the WEGN network, while also addressing challenges that have previously prevented practical implementation. The applicability of these methodologies is demonstrated by three comprehensive case studies focused on the sectoral environmental efficiency, regional environmental efficiency and critical transmissions of WEGN. My contributions to the field include: i. Novel IO based assessment tool for identifying regional environmental efficiency in terms of WEGN, especially for the regions that are closely connected by interregional trade. ii. Sophisticated Integrating the GIS and IO methodologies (GIS-IO) to reveal and map WEGN network, tracking the critical inter-regional and -sectoral WEGN flows, clarifying the regional, sectoral and worldwide patterns of WEGN network, and identifying the associated benefits for different regions. iii. Efficient IO and SCN based assessment approach (IO-SCN) for quantifying the sectoral WEGN coefficients. The proposed methodologies, with the support of a set of comprehensive underlying equations, transform the complicated WEGN network identification and analysis challenges into an easily understandable format, from which arises robust solutions for improving environmental sustainability assessment and mitigating environmental pressures. As an example in one of the case studies, the results run by the novel approach of GIS-IO reveals that apparent disparities between different countries within EU27, different sectors, as well in the EU27 as a block of nations compared and the rest of the world. The EU27 countries contributed 1.4 Gt less CO2 emissions, 64.5 Gm3 less water utilisation and 4.9×104 PJ less energy consumption, compared to the rest of the world, while generating the equivalent economic output. This has a dramatic effect on the global environment. Germany, France and Italy benefited most in the CWE network in the EU27. We recommend that the EU27 provide more technical support to upstream countries to improve the efficiency of resource utilisation.
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Critical Transmission Sectors of Energy-Water-GHG Nexus
Wang, Xuechao ; Ditl,, Pavel (oponent) ; Nizetic, Prof Sandro (oponent) ; Dr hab. inż. Paweł Ocłoń, prof. PK (oponent) ; Klemeš, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
Water utilisation, energy consumption and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions are crucial indicators and very much related for maintaining or achieving the Environmental and social sustainability. This thesis presents the methodologies have been developed and case studies have been conducted to explore and identify the Water-Energy-GHG Nexus (WEGN) from the supply chain perspective. Three methodologies which are based on the application and integration of the Input-Output (IO) model, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Supply Chain Network (SCN) are proposed, for analysing and designing the WEGN network, while also addressing challenges that have previously prevented practical implementation. The applicability of these methodologies is demonstrated by three comprehensive case studies focused on the sectoral environmental efficiency, regional environmental efficiency and critical transmissions of WEGN. My contributions to the field include: i. Novel IO based assessment tool for identifying regional environmental efficiency in terms of WEGN, especially for the regions that are closely connected by interregional trade. ii. Sophisticated Integrating the GIS and IO methodologies (GIS-IO) to reveal and map WEGN network, tracking the critical inter-regional and -sectoral WEGN flows, clarifying the regional, sectoral and worldwide patterns of WEGN network, and identifying the associated benefits for different regions. iii. Efficient IO and SCN based assessment approach (IO-SCN) for quantifying the sectoral WEGN coefficients. The proposed methodologies, with the support of a set of comprehensive underlying equations, transform the complicated WEGN network identification and analysis challenges into an easily understandable format, from which arises robust solutions for improving environmental sustainability assessment and mitigating environmental pressures. As an example in one of the case studies, the results run by the novel approach of GIS-IO reveals that apparent disparities between different countries within EU27, different sectors, as well in the EU27 as a block of nations compared and the rest of the world. The EU27 countries contributed 1.4 Gt less CO2 emissions, 64.5 Gm3 less water utilisation and 4.9×104 PJ less energy consumption, compared to the rest of the world, while generating the equivalent economic output. This has a dramatic effect on the global environment. Germany, France and Italy benefited most in the CWE network in the EU27. We recommend that the EU27 provide more technical support to upstream countries to improve the efficiency of resource utilisation.
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