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Termické zpracování odpadů jako klíčový prvek efektivních systémů odpadového hospodářství
Putna, Ondřej ; Klemeš, Jiří (oponent) ; Ucekaj, Vladimír (oponent) ; Stehlík, Petr (vedoucí práce)
Předkládaná dizertační práce je zaměřena na problematiku energetického využití odpadů. Svým zaměřením přispívá do optimalizačních modelů dlouhodobě vyvíjených na pracovišti autora, které slouží pro simulaci toků v odpadovém hospodářství a k hledání optimální strategie nakládání s odpady. Hlavním cílem je posouzení potenciálu uplatnění tepla vyrobeného v jednotkách energetického využití odpadů jakožto klíčového faktoru pro ekonomiku těchto zařízení. Práce tedy představuje aktivitu na pomezí oborů odpadové hospodářství a teplárenství. V rámci jejího zpracování byly postupně vytvořeny dílčí matematické modely, pro jejichž vznik bylo nutné shromáždit vstupní data, zejména v souvislosti se sítěmi centrálního zásobování teplem. Tyto modely byly následně využity v komplexním optimalizačním modelu popisujícím integraci zařízení energetického využití odpadů s dalšími tepelnými zdroji. Zároveň bylo přihlédnuto k environmentálním souvislostem.
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Critical Transmission Sectors of Energy-Water-GHG Nexus
Wang, Xuechao ; Ditl,, Pavel (oponent) ; Nizetic, Prof Sandro (oponent) ; Dr hab. inż. Paweł Ocłoń, prof. PK (oponent) ; Klemeš, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
Water utilisation, energy consumption and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions are crucial indicators and very much related for maintaining or achieving the Environmental and social sustainability. This thesis presents the methodologies have been developed and case studies have been conducted to explore and identify the Water-Energy-GHG Nexus (WEGN) from the supply chain perspective. Three methodologies which are based on the application and integration of the Input-Output (IO) model, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Supply Chain Network (SCN) are proposed, for analysing and designing the WEGN network, while also addressing challenges that have previously prevented practical implementation. The applicability of these methodologies is demonstrated by three comprehensive case studies focused on the sectoral environmental efficiency, regional environmental efficiency and critical transmissions of WEGN. My contributions to the field include: i. Novel IO based assessment tool for identifying regional environmental efficiency in terms of WEGN, especially for the regions that are closely connected by interregional trade. ii. Sophisticated Integrating the GIS and IO methodologies (GIS-IO) to reveal and map WEGN network, tracking the critical inter-regional and -sectoral WEGN flows, clarifying the regional, sectoral and worldwide patterns of WEGN network, and identifying the associated benefits for different regions. iii. Efficient IO and SCN based assessment approach (IO-SCN) for quantifying the sectoral WEGN coefficients. The proposed methodologies, with the support of a set of comprehensive underlying equations, transform the complicated WEGN network identification and analysis challenges into an easily understandable format, from which arises robust solutions for improving environmental sustainability assessment and mitigating environmental pressures. As an example in one of the case studies, the results run by the novel approach of GIS-IO reveals that apparent disparities between different countries within EU27, different sectors, as well in the EU27 as a block of nations compared and the rest of the world. The EU27 countries contributed 1.4 Gt less CO2 emissions, 64.5 Gm3 less water utilisation and 4.9×104 PJ less energy consumption, compared to the rest of the world, while generating the equivalent economic output. This has a dramatic effect on the global environment. Germany, France and Italy benefited most in the CWE network in the EU27. We recommend that the EU27 provide more technical support to upstream countries to improve the efficiency of resource utilisation.
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Integrated Approach of Intelligent Asset Maintenance and Resource Conservation for Circular Economy
Chin, Hon Huin ; Ditl, Pavel (oponent) ; Hanika, Jiří (oponent) ; Kravanja, Zdravko (oponent) ; Klemeš, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
The rapid global industrialisation and urbanisation have placed heavy burdens on natural material resources consumption. For example, water scarcity and water pollution have been affecting human lives and economic developments for a long time, and resorting to clean fresh water has been becoming an important issue. The increasing irregular water supply and water pollution issues require more advanced water resources assessment methodologies to guide practical water use and management. Another well-known issue is the plastic waste accumulation in the option, which raises an alarming concern in achieving the optimal resources conservation network, striving towards the goal of Circular Economy. The Circular Economy concept not only focuses on resources conservation but also highlights the importance of maintaining and preserving the assets’ lifetime. This thesis is focused on developing advanced approaches for resources conservation and asset maintenance This thesis presents the extended analysis of Pinch-based methods in conserving the material resources for an industrial site. The major extensions involve the conceptual analysis on the resource conservation network that involves multiple qualities constraints, headers targeting and synthesis, and Total Site material conservation network synthesis. These methods serve as the graphical user interface for the users to select the preferable design options while ensuring the fresh resources consumptions are minimal. The study also extends the incorporation of different types of resources, such as heat and water, into the conservation network. The management issues such as resources management, subsidies and cost allocations are also studied for the eco-industrial site. Considering the asset’s lifetime prolongation, the long-term planning of a process or industrial site is incorporated in this study covering the assets’ age, depreciation and reliability. Process Integration tools are proposed to plan for the maintenance cost for a time period and workforce scheduling. The study is also extended to more analysis involving standby units and technologies investment for any process. Combining asset performance with resources conservation, the fault diagnosis and prognosis framework is applied to the Total Site/Eco-industrial park asset maintenance planning.
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Minimising Emission Footprints in Circular Economy by Process Integration
Fan, Yee Van ; Dr DSc. Eng. Paweł Ocłoń, prof. CUT (oponent) ; Nižetić, Dr Sandro (oponent) ; Klemeš, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
This thesis presents methodologies that have been developed to reduce emission footprints in the context of a transition to a Circular Economy through the application of a Process Integration approach to analysis and design, while also addressing challenges which have previously prevented practical implementation. Environmental sustainability, which is frequently indicated by low emissions and waste footprints, plays a critical role in facilitating the transition towards a Circular Economy. Three methodologies which are based on the breakeven concept and the extension of Pinch Analysis and P-Graph frameworks are proposed. The applicability of these methodologies is demonstrated by six case studies focused on transportation and waste management. My contributions to the field include: (i) A novel breakeven based decision-making tool, with parallels to the classical phase diagram that aids rapid decision-making on the processes (e.g. selection of transport mode for a given distance and load) with the lowest environmental burden. (ii) An emissions accounting system which aggregates GHG, SOx, PM and NO2 as a Total Environmental Burden through a scientific-based environmental-impact price. (iii) An Extended Waste Management Pinch Analysis (E-WAMPA) system for regional planning, accounting for both burdening and unburdening footprints, to determine the waste treatments and allocation design with low emission footprints. (iv) An assessment model underpinned by the P-graph tool to identify optimal and near-optimal integrated waste treatment systems for different waste compositions, which includes the identification of sustainable pre-and post-treatment processes. The proposed methodologies, which can be represented graphically, with the support of a set of comprehensive underlying equations, transform the waste management and transport selection problem into an easily understandable format from which arises robust solutions with low emission footprints. As an example in one of the case studies, the analysis run by the novel approach using E-WAMPA suggests an overall 10 % emission reduction (2,568 kt CO2eq) can be achieved by performing waste transition in Malta (-25.75 kt CO2eq), Greece (-1,602.71 kt CO2eq), Cyprus (-178.52 kt CO2eq) and Romania (-761.16 kt CO2eq). Those are the countries where the most improvement can be achieved, considering the combined effect of net emission (both burdening and unburdening footprints) by the existing waste treatment system, waste generation and population. For future study, a comprehensive economic feasibility assessment could be conducted, where localised data inputs could be fed into the proposed frameworks for a customised and thorough solution.
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Integrated Approach of Intelligent Asset Maintenance and Resource Conservation for Circular Economy
Chin, Hon Huin ; Ditl, Pavel (oponent) ; Hanika, Jiří (oponent) ; Kravanja, Zdravko (oponent) ; Klemeš, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
The rapid global industrialisation and urbanisation have placed heavy burdens on natural material resources consumption. For example, water scarcity and water pollution have been affecting human lives and economic developments for a long time, and resorting to clean fresh water has been becoming an important issue. The increasing irregular water supply and water pollution issues require more advanced water resources assessment methodologies to guide practical water use and management. Another well-known issue is the plastic waste accumulation in the option, which raises an alarming concern in achieving the optimal resources conservation network, striving towards the goal of Circular Economy. The Circular Economy concept not only focuses on resources conservation but also highlights the importance of maintaining and preserving the assets’ lifetime. This thesis is focused on developing advanced approaches for resources conservation and asset maintenance This thesis presents the extended analysis of Pinch-based methods in conserving the material resources for an industrial site. The major extensions involve the conceptual analysis on the resource conservation network that involves multiple qualities constraints, headers targeting and synthesis, and Total Site material conservation network synthesis. These methods serve as the graphical user interface for the users to select the preferable design options while ensuring the fresh resources consumptions are minimal. The study also extends the incorporation of different types of resources, such as heat and water, into the conservation network. The management issues such as resources management, subsidies and cost allocations are also studied for the eco-industrial site. Considering the asset’s lifetime prolongation, the long-term planning of a process or industrial site is incorporated in this study covering the assets’ age, depreciation and reliability. Process Integration tools are proposed to plan for the maintenance cost for a time period and workforce scheduling. The study is also extended to more analysis involving standby units and technologies investment for any process. Combining asset performance with resources conservation, the fault diagnosis and prognosis framework is applied to the Total Site/Eco-industrial park asset maintenance planning.
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Termické zpracování odpadů jako klíčový prvek efektivních systémů odpadového hospodářství
Putna, Ondřej ; Klemeš, Jiří (oponent) ; Ucekaj, Vladimír (oponent) ; Stehlík, Petr (vedoucí práce)
Předkládaná dizertační práce je zaměřena na problematiku energetického využití odpadů. Svým zaměřením přispívá do optimalizačních modelů dlouhodobě vyvíjených na pracovišti autora, které slouží pro simulaci toků v odpadovém hospodářství a k hledání optimální strategie nakládání s odpady. Hlavním cílem je posouzení potenciálu uplatnění tepla vyrobeného v jednotkách energetického využití odpadů jakožto klíčového faktoru pro ekonomiku těchto zařízení. Práce tedy představuje aktivitu na pomezí oborů odpadové hospodářství a teplárenství. V rámci jejího zpracování byly postupně vytvořeny dílčí matematické modely, pro jejichž vznik bylo nutné shromáždit vstupní data, zejména v souvislosti se sítěmi centrálního zásobování teplem. Tyto modely byly následně využity v komplexním optimalizačním modelu popisujícím integraci zařízení energetického využití odpadů s dalšími tepelnými zdroji. Zároveň bylo přihlédnuto k environmentálním souvislostem.
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Critical Transmission Sectors of Energy-Water-GHG Nexus
Wang, Xuechao ; Ditl,, Pavel (oponent) ; Nizetic, Prof Sandro (oponent) ; Dr hab. inż. Paweł Ocłoń, prof. PK (oponent) ; Klemeš, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
Water utilisation, energy consumption and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions are crucial indicators and very much related for maintaining or achieving the Environmental and social sustainability. This thesis presents the methodologies have been developed and case studies have been conducted to explore and identify the Water-Energy-GHG Nexus (WEGN) from the supply chain perspective. Three methodologies which are based on the application and integration of the Input-Output (IO) model, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Supply Chain Network (SCN) are proposed, for analysing and designing the WEGN network, while also addressing challenges that have previously prevented practical implementation. The applicability of these methodologies is demonstrated by three comprehensive case studies focused on the sectoral environmental efficiency, regional environmental efficiency and critical transmissions of WEGN. My contributions to the field include: i. Novel IO based assessment tool for identifying regional environmental efficiency in terms of WEGN, especially for the regions that are closely connected by interregional trade. ii. Sophisticated Integrating the GIS and IO methodologies (GIS-IO) to reveal and map WEGN network, tracking the critical inter-regional and -sectoral WEGN flows, clarifying the regional, sectoral and worldwide patterns of WEGN network, and identifying the associated benefits for different regions. iii. Efficient IO and SCN based assessment approach (IO-SCN) for quantifying the sectoral WEGN coefficients. The proposed methodologies, with the support of a set of comprehensive underlying equations, transform the complicated WEGN network identification and analysis challenges into an easily understandable format, from which arises robust solutions for improving environmental sustainability assessment and mitigating environmental pressures. As an example in one of the case studies, the results run by the novel approach of GIS-IO reveals that apparent disparities between different countries within EU27, different sectors, as well in the EU27 as a block of nations compared and the rest of the world. The EU27 countries contributed 1.4 Gt less CO2 emissions, 64.5 Gm3 less water utilisation and 4.9×104 PJ less energy consumption, compared to the rest of the world, while generating the equivalent economic output. This has a dramatic effect on the global environment. Germany, France and Italy benefited most in the CWE network in the EU27. We recommend that the EU27 provide more technical support to upstream countries to improve the efficiency of resource utilisation.
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Minimising Emission Footprints in Circular Economy by Process Integration
Fan, Yee Van ; Dr DSc. Eng. Paweł Ocłoń, prof. CUT (oponent) ; Nižetić, Dr Sandro (oponent) ; Klemeš, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
This thesis presents methodologies that have been developed to reduce emission footprints in the context of a transition to a Circular Economy through the application of a Process Integration approach to analysis and design, while also addressing challenges which have previously prevented practical implementation. Environmental sustainability, which is frequently indicated by low emissions and waste footprints, plays a critical role in facilitating the transition towards a Circular Economy. Three methodologies which are based on the breakeven concept and the extension of Pinch Analysis and P-Graph frameworks are proposed. The applicability of these methodologies is demonstrated by six case studies focused on transportation and waste management. My contributions to the field include: (i) A novel breakeven based decision-making tool, with parallels to the classical phase diagram that aids rapid decision-making on the processes (e.g. selection of transport mode for a given distance and load) with the lowest environmental burden. (ii) An emissions accounting system which aggregates GHG, SOx, PM and NO2 as a Total Environmental Burden through a scientific-based environmental-impact price. (iii) An Extended Waste Management Pinch Analysis (E-WAMPA) system for regional planning, accounting for both burdening and unburdening footprints, to determine the waste treatments and allocation design with low emission footprints. (iv) An assessment model underpinned by the P-graph tool to identify optimal and near-optimal integrated waste treatment systems for different waste compositions, which includes the identification of sustainable pre-and post-treatment processes. The proposed methodologies, which can be represented graphically, with the support of a set of comprehensive underlying equations, transform the waste management and transport selection problem into an easily understandable format from which arises robust solutions with low emission footprints. As an example in one of the case studies, the analysis run by the novel approach using E-WAMPA suggests an overall 10 % emission reduction (2,568 kt CO2eq) can be achieved by performing waste transition in Malta (-25.75 kt CO2eq), Greece (-1,602.71 kt CO2eq), Cyprus (-178.52 kt CO2eq) and Romania (-761.16 kt CO2eq). Those are the countries where the most improvement can be achieved, considering the combined effect of net emission (both burdening and unburdening footprints) by the existing waste treatment system, waste generation and population. For future study, a comprehensive economic feasibility assessment could be conducted, where localised data inputs could be fed into the proposed frameworks for a customised and thorough solution.
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