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Electrochemical Techniques in Monitoring of Nervous System Drugs
Choińska-Mlynarczyk, Marta ; Hrdlička, Vojtěch ; Skopalová, J. ; Šelešovská, R. ; Kolivoška, Viliam ; Navrátil, Tomáš
Drugs of the nervous system (ATC group N) belong generally to the most commonly (mis)used substances worldwide. Their determination and monitoring of these drugs and their metabolites in various body fluids or environmental matrices represent a challenge for analytical chemists. Our research is focused on the application of electrochemical methods in the monitoring of the most frequently prescribed and the newly introduced nervous system drugs of precisely specified structures and/or of defined properties. For toxicological and pharmacokinetic reasons, emphasis has been placed on investigating the reaction mechanisms of their metabolite formation. New or alternative to commonly used electroanalytical methods applicable for monitoring and characterization of target compounds in their pure state, in body fluids, wastewaters, and other environmental matrices, has been developed. To improve the chemometric parameters and sensing characteristics, attention was paid to the construction of new electrochemical sensors, detectors (e.g. screen-printed, 3D printed), or cells, based on (modified/unmodified) traditional or nontraditional materials, preferably usable at the point-of-care.
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Voltammetric Determination of Psilocin and Psilocybin at Carbon-fiber PLA Electrode
Choińska-Mlynarczyk, Marta ; Navrátil, Tomáš
Psilocin and psilocybin are two neuroactive drugs. They can be used in experimental treatment in psychiatry, moreover, also as illicit drugs to achieve hallucinations and relaxation. Easy access to these two alkaloids indicates that their monitoring in the environment and the body fluids is necessary. Electrochemistry offers fast, simple, and easy methods of their determination using laboratory-manufactured electrodes from 3D printed carbon-fiber polylactic materials. This technique of electrode fabrication can be characterized by many benefits, e.g., desired shape or diameter of the electrode, well-developed voltammetric signals, and low background currents.
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Determination of heavy metal poisoning antidote 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid using silver solid amalgam electrode
Choińska-Mlynarczyk, Marta ; Hrdlička, Vojtěch ; Redondo, B. R. ; Barek, J. ; Navrátil, Tomáš
2,3-Dimercapto-1-propane-sulfonic acid (DMPS) was investigated using direct current voltammetry (DCV), differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV), differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), and elimination voltammetry with linear scan (EVLS) at a polished (p-AgSAE)and at a meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode (m-AgSAE). EVLS confirmed two consecutive reductions with coupled proton/electron transfer. Voltammetric titrations of DMPS with Pb2+ proved complex formation, with limits of quantification (LOQs) and detection (LODs) 0.3 and 0.1 mu mol L-1 at m-AgSAE and 0.8 and 0.3 mu mol L-1 at p-AgSAE, respectively. Determination of DMPS in commercial drug Dimaval and human urine samples confirmed practical applicability of the developed method.
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Voltametrické stanovení těžkých kovů ve včelím jedu za použití rtuťové kapkové elektrody a uhlíkového vodivého filamentu pro 3D tisk
Navrátil, Tomáš ; Choińska-Mlynarczyk, Marta ; Šestáková, Ivana ; Hrdlička, Vojtěch
Včelí jed představuje sekret z jedového ústrojí včelích dělnic nebo včelí matky (nikoliv trubců).\nSmrtelná dávka pro člověka je asi 400-700 žihadel, LD50 myší i.v.=0,6 mg/kg. Po vysušení\nvzniká světle žlutý, velmi jemný prášek. Je rozpustný ve vodě za vzniku opaleskujícího roztoku.\nTypické složení (procenta představují podíl látky v sušině):\n -50-55 % silně bazický polypeptid melitin (poškozuje červené i bílé krvinky), 2-3 %\nappamin (vliv na nervovou soustavu), MCD (mast cell degranulating) peptid (narušuje\nčinnost buněčných membrán,\n Enzymy: 13-14 % fosfolypáza A a B, 2-3 % hyaluronidáza,\n Biogenní aminy: histamin, dopamin, noradrenalin.\nKromě výše uvedených látek jsou v jedu, podobně jako ve včelím medu, obsaženy látky, se\nkterými přichází tento blanokřídlý hmyz do styku během svého života. Jedná se tedy i o těžké\nkovy, kterými je kontaminováno naše životní prostředí. Analýza včelího jedu včel\nmedonosných žijících ve zvolené oblasti může tedy poskytnout informaci o plošném znečištění\npoměrně velké oblasti.
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Determination of Selected Drugs using 3D Printed Electrodes
Choińska-Mlynarczyk, Marta ; Hrdlička, Vojtěch ; Navrátil, Tomáš
The main aim of this research was to develop a new method for voltammetric determination of\npopular antidepressants, analgesics, and illicit drugs using a laboratory-made 3D printed\nelectrode and to compare the achieved results with those registered using a commercially\navailable glassy carbon electrode. These experiments represent the first step in the development\nof a method applicable in clinical and forensic praxis for the rapid and inexpensive\ndetermination of commonly misused groups of biologically active compounds.
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