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Location choice and dispersal policies: Ukrainian war immigrants in the Czech Republic
Adunts, Davit ; Kurylo, Bohdana ; Špeciánová, J.
The large influx of Ukrainian immigrant refugees to the Czech Republic fleeing from the war has attracted the attention of many policymakers due to their unequal geographical distribution. The high concentration of refugees in some districts has the potential to burden the school and healthcare systems, as well as the housing market. This project aims to provide an explanation for the unequal distribution of refugees by studying the determinants of refugee location choices in the Czech Republic, including ethnic networks and employment prospects. We provided evidence of a positive association between the number of Ukrainian refugees and (i) the stock of previous Ukrainian immigrants (our measure of ethnic networks) and (ii) the number of available job positions. In addition, we conducted a review of previous studies on the effectiveness of dispersal policies and determined that such policies exert ambiguous effects on refugee labor market integration. Hence, dispersal policies need to consider the integration of refugees and their intentions to remain in the country.
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Inflation inequality in the Czech Republic
Adunts, Davit ; Kurylo, Bohdana ; Špeciánová, J.
This project employs Czech Household Budget Survey and Consumer Price Index data to create consumer price indices for various population subgroups in the Czech Republic. We find that subgroup-specific inflation rates are very similar to the inflation rate for all the non-elderly population, with the exception of single-parent households, which experienced a higher inflation rate in 2022 than did the other subgroups. However, the difference was reasonably modest. Importantly, we found that inflation issuing from housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels is significantly higher for low-income and single-parent households than for high-income and two-parent households. The difference is particularly significant for single-parent households, for which inflation due to increases in housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuel costs represents 40.15 percent of their overall inflation burden compared to 28.44 percent for two-parent households. This finding suggests that the recent increases in electricity and gas prices may exert particularly harmful effects on single-parent households unless the government provides the support necessary to mitigate the adverse effects of rising prices. While all households are being affected by rising living costs, single-parent and low-income households should be prioritized in terms of support. In addition, we calculated that for low-income and single-parent households, the total loss of purchasing power due to inflation amounts to CZK 15,179 and CZK 20,445, respectively.
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Komparace návrhů implementace základního nepodmíněného příjmu
Dohnal, Ondřej ; Špeciánová, Jitka (vedoucí práce) ; Brožová, Dagmar (oponent)
Bakalářská práce sumarizuje dosavadní návrhy implementací a již zavedené koncepty základního nepodmíněného příjmu, který je jednou z forem sociálního státu. Zaručený příjem by měl poskytnout všem obyvatelům určitou finanční jistotu a zajistit jim základní existenční potřeby. Snahou autora je vyložit koncept základního nepodmíněného příjmu, podat ucelený přehled dosavadních návrhů jeho implementace a porovnat odlišnosti těchto návrhů. Hypotézou práce je to, že neexistuje jednotný ucelený postup k zavedení základního nepodmíněného příjmu, který by bylo možné použít v každé zemi. Využita je metoda obecně teoretická, přesněji metody analýzy, syntézy a komparace. Závěrem práce je fakt, že i přes aktuálnost tématu a četnost zdrojů stále nelze jednotně vystihnout definici, postup zavedení a financování základního nepodmíněného příjmu. Naopak je potřeba nahlížet na problematiku individuálně stát od státu a daný systém vytvořit dle kultury a zvyklostí jednotlivých států.
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