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Essays on International Migration
Adunts, Davit ; Mittag, Nikolas Karl (vedoucí práce) ; Elsner, Benjamin (oponent) ; Dinkelman, Taryn (oponent)
Tato práce zkoumá vliv mezinárodní migrace na tvorbu lidského kapitálu v zemích původu. První kapitola zkoumá krátkodobý vliv nepřítomnosti otců v důsledku cirkulační migrace na vytrvalostní schopnosti dětí, které zůstaly v zemi původu. Na základě exogenní variability v načasování návratové migrace vyvolané bilaterálními migračními zákony mezi Ukrajinou a Polskem ukazuji, že nepřítomnost otců v důsledku cirkulační migrace negativně ovlivňuje vytrvalostní dovednosti dětí, které zůstaly na Ukrajině. Tento výsledek není vysvětlen kognitivními dovednostmi a je robustní při zahrnutí fixních efektů školy a třídy. Druhá kapitola (společně s Bohdanou Kurylovou) zkoumá dopad mezinárodních migračních příležitostí na složení kvalifikací v zemích původu na základě změn migračních příležitostí vyvolaných liberalizací vízového režimu mezi zeměmi EU a Ukrajinou. Naše výsledky naznačují, že větší možnosti emigrace do zemí EU zvýšily pravděpodobnost, že si ukrajinští středoškoláci zvolí předměty, které s větší pravděpodobností povedou k mezinárodně přenositelným dovednostem. Nenašli jsme žádné důkazy o tom, že by větší možnosti emigrace do EU významně ovlivňovaly výsledky studentů nebo pravděpodobnost neúspěšného složení zkoušek z předmětů, které povedou k mezinárodně přenositelnějším dovednostem. To naznačuje, že...
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Location choice and dispersal policies: Ukrainian war immigrants in the Czech Republic
Adunts, Davit ; Kurylo, Bohdana ; Špeciánová, J.
The large influx of Ukrainian immigrant refugees to the Czech Republic fleeing from the war has attracted the attention of many policymakers due to their unequal geographical distribution. The high concentration of refugees in some districts has the potential to burden the school and healthcare systems, as well as the housing market. This project aims to provide an explanation for the unequal distribution of refugees by studying the determinants of refugee location choices in the Czech Republic, including ethnic networks and employment prospects. We provided evidence of a positive association between the number of Ukrainian refugees and (i) the stock of previous Ukrainian immigrants (our measure of ethnic networks) and (ii) the number of available job positions. In addition, we conducted a review of previous studies on the effectiveness of dispersal policies and determined that such policies exert ambiguous effects on refugee labor market integration. Hence, dispersal policies need to consider the integration of refugees and their intentions to remain in the country.
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Inflation inequality in the Czech Republic
Adunts, Davit ; Kurylo, Bohdana ; Špeciánová, J.
This project employs Czech Household Budget Survey and Consumer Price Index data to create consumer price indices for various population subgroups in the Czech Republic. We find that subgroup-specific inflation rates are very similar to the inflation rate for all the non-elderly population, with the exception of single-parent households, which experienced a higher inflation rate in 2022 than did the other subgroups. However, the difference was reasonably modest. Importantly, we found that inflation issuing from housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels is significantly higher for low-income and single-parent households than for high-income and two-parent households. The difference is particularly significant for single-parent households, for which inflation due to increases in housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuel costs represents 40.15 percent of their overall inflation burden compared to 28.44 percent for two-parent households. This finding suggests that the recent increases in electricity and gas prices may exert particularly harmful effects on single-parent households unless the government provides the support necessary to mitigate the adverse effects of rising prices. While all households are being affected by rising living costs, single-parent and low-income households should be prioritized in terms of support. In addition, we calculated that for low-income and single-parent households, the total loss of purchasing power due to inflation amounts to CZK 15,179 and CZK 20,445, respectively.
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Paternal circular migration and development of socio-emotional skills of children left behind
Adunts, Davit
This study investigates the short-run effect of paternal absence due to circular migration on the socio-emotional skills of their children left behind. To address the endogeneity of the migration decision, and building on previous studies, this study focuses on children whose fathers have all engaged in circular migration. Furthermore, using quasi-exogenous variation in the timing of return migration induced by bilateral migration laws between Ukraine and Poland, I circumvent the bias related to the return migration decision. The findings of this study suggest that current paternal absence due to circular migration negatively affects the socioemotional skills of children left behind. Overall, this result suggests that circular migration is not necessarily a „triple-win“ solution that benefits all involved parties.
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