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Anatomy of the human uterus vascular supply with respect to uterus transplantation
Křístek, Jakub ; Froněk, Jiří (advisor) ; Turyna, Radovan (referee) ; Stingl, Josef (referee)
Anatomy of the human uterus vascular supply with respect to uterus transplantation Abstract This dissertation thesis deals with the blood supply of the human uterus and its relevance to uterus transplantation. The first section summarizes what is commonly known of the anatomy of the arterial and venous uterine blood supply including collaterals. It also quotes a few classical anatomical texts, illustrates the transplantation technique, and the pros and cons of utilizing uterine grafts from living and deceased donors. The second section deals with nine publications, the first of which aimed to verify the existence of ipsilateral and contralateral arterial anastomoses. Both types were verified in all specimens (9/9). The second publication analysed two cases of graft thrombosis. The first was brought about through narrowing of the uterine artery, while the other was caused by compression from hematoma. Thrombectomy was unsuccessful in both cases. The third publication compared the utility of CT to that of MR angiography for evaluating uterine vessel quality. These two methods are complementary. The study presents a new radiological classification system suggested to assess uterine vessels. Another publication reports the interim results of a Czech uterus transplant study. Another study presents a uterus...
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Gynaecological malignancy - screening and prevention
Svěráková, Martina ; Turyna, Radovan (advisor)
At the beginning of my thesis I am introducing the percentage distribution of malignant tumors of female reproductive tract. Outlines the possibilities and conditions of early detection of tumors, using various diagnostic methods. After the successful discovery of diagnosis follows the establishment of the therapeutic plan, which may consist of radical surgery, or the only preventive dispensarization. 2nd chapter describes the classification of tumors of female genitals, general, where tumors are divided into true and false, histopathologic, which assesse histological type of tumor, its extent and degree of differentiation, and numerical coding, which clearly indicates the tumor number. Chapter 3 shows the possible options of therapy of malignant tumors in the female genital tract. As an essential therapeutic modality for the majority of gynaecological malignant tumors is considered to surgical treatment. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy have also application in the treatment of tumors. Different types of prevention, their contents and main objectives are described in Chapter 4. The basic division is the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. The definition of screening and criteria for the introduction into practice are discussed in the 5th chapter. Precancer is a subject of extensive...
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Gynecology malignancy screening and prevention
Chady, Mohummud Irfaan Khan ; Turyna, Radovan (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee)
Throughout this discussion different aspects of screening and preventing cervical cancer were considered. Screening, in terms of the methods used, comparing them and also including innovative methods such as LBC. The use use of screening in Czech Republic and Mauritius and how it can affect the prevalence and mortality rate. At this primary stage of the screening programme in both countries, changes will take some time to be seen. So, at this point it is not possible to provide an exact analysis of the benefits of screening according to the prevalence of cervical cancers. In other countries, screening and prevention methods has already proven to be effective. As discussed in the prevention part of this thesis; to assure that a decrease in prevalence and mortality are seen, a systematic programme supported by policies should be in place. These policies then can be applied by medical professionals in their duties together with the education of the presenting women.
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Precursors of endometrial cancer: screening and prevention
Brabcová, Nela ; Turyna, Radovan (advisor)
Endometrial precancers are a heterogeneous group of abnormal endometrial proliferation; the nature of morphological changes is complex - they affect cell nucleus, cytoplasm and architecture of glands. Precancers may progress in endometrial cancer, which is the most common malignancy after breast cancer in women, and whose incidence has been increasing continuously in economically developed countries in recent years. Precancers pathogenesis is a multifactorial process involving several consecutive events, which are accompanied by biochemical, morphological and cytological changes and which result from changes in cellular genes. According to clinical-pathological findings, the endometrial precancers and cancers were divided into two types. Type I of endometrial neoplasia is called estrogen-dependent, it is adherent to prolonged and unopposed estrogen stimulation causing increased proliferation of the endometrium, then there are spontaneous mutations and there arises atypical endometrial hyperplasia, which is well-known precursor of subsequent invasive cancer. On the contrary type II of endometrial lesions is estrogen-independent arising from atrophic endometrium with no apparent effect of estrogens. In lesions type II, a precursor called endometrial carcinoma in situ is being considered currently. Clinical...
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Topographical anatomy of the retroperitoneum and its blood vessels and lymphatics
Turyna, Radovan ; Kachlík, David (advisor) ; Bouda, Jiří (referee) ; Naňka, Ondřej (referee)
The purpose of this study was to describe the distribution and structure
of ventral tributaries leading into the inferior vena cava where right-sided paraaortic lymphadenectomy is performed. The study examined
21 retroperitoneal specimens by graphic reconstruction, statistical evaluation, and histological examination of ventral tributaries (VTs). Seventy VTs were identified. The average number per specimen was 3.33. There were 20, 40, and 40% of VTs found in Levels I, II, and III, respectively. During the preparation, we observed an unusual arrangement of the IVC wall, into which VTs were led through a preformed sleeve-like channel and anchored near the lumen. This finding is a key mechanism that explains the ease with which VTs are extracted during surgery. Due to the lack of uniformity concerning the moniker for VTs in the literature, and due to the typical anatomical position and distribution of VTs within retroperitoneum, we propose that these veins should be called venae retroperitoneales anteriores. The second aim of the study was to gain a thorough knowledge of the topography and distribution of until now officially unnamed minute direct branches from abdominal aorta, stemming from its ventral and lateral aspects, supplying surrounding tissue, and to comprise it to the existing studies. Due to the...
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Topographical anatomy of the retroperitoneum and its blood vessels and lymphatics
Turyna, Radovan ; Kachlík, David (advisor) ; Bouda, Jiří (referee) ; Naňka, Ondřej (referee)
The purpose of this study was to describe the distribution and structure
of ventral tributaries leading into the inferior vena cava where right-sided paraaortic lymphadenectomy is performed. The study examined
21 retroperitoneal specimens by graphic reconstruction, statistical evaluation, and histological examination of ventral tributaries (VTs). Seventy VTs were identified. The average number per specimen was 3.33. There were 20, 40, and 40% of VTs found in Levels I, II, and III, respectively. During the preparation, we observed an unusual arrangement of the IVC wall, into which VTs were led through a preformed sleeve-like channel and anchored near the lumen. This finding is a key mechanism that explains the ease with which VTs are extracted during surgery. Due to the lack of uniformity concerning the moniker for VTs in the literature, and due to the typical anatomical position and distribution of VTs within retroperitoneum, we propose that these veins should be called venae retroperitoneales anteriores. The second aim of the study was to gain a thorough knowledge of the topography and distribution of until now officially unnamed minute direct branches from abdominal aorta, stemming from its ventral and lateral aspects, supplying surrounding tissue, and to comprise it to the existing studies. Due to the...
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Gynecology malignancy screening and prevention
Chady, Mohummud Irfaan Khan ; Turyna, Radovan (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee)
Throughout this discussion different aspects of screening and preventing cervical cancer were considered. Screening, in terms of the methods used, comparing them and also including innovative methods such as LBC. The use use of screening in Czech Republic and Mauritius and how it can affect the prevalence and mortality rate. At this primary stage of the screening programme in both countries, changes will take some time to be seen. So, at this point it is not possible to provide an exact analysis of the benefits of screening according to the prevalence of cervical cancers. In other countries, screening and prevention methods has already proven to be effective. As discussed in the prevention part of this thesis; to assure that a decrease in prevalence and mortality are seen, a systematic programme supported by policies should be in place. These policies then can be applied by medical professionals in their duties together with the education of the presenting women.
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Terminology of Colposcopy hintsight and its development to the present
Veselá, Lenka ; Turyna, Radovan (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the evolution of colposcopy like an examination method and also the evolution of descriptive characteristics from its beginnings to present. It also summarizes various actions of cervical cancer prevention taken among the population. Using colposcopy and cytology as it is now significantly helps to prevent cervical cancer by detecting precancerous lesions. However it should be used more regularly not just in case of a susceptive or positive colposcopic examination. Abnormal colposcopic biopsies are a subjekt for further pathological examination. Generally we can say that the number of fatal cases of cervical cancer is decreasing mainly because of the colposcopy. Let's hope for new enhancements of this method for the future.
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