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Perception of the Czechs in proprietates gentium at the end of the Middle Ages
Wolf, Martin ; Svátek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Žůrek, Václav (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to examine in detail a largely neglected and fragmented source on the verge of oral and written culture, the so-called proprietates gentium or medieval catalogues of nations. These small verse texts, originally written in Latin, provide a rare record of medieval oral culture thanks to their connection with folklore. Defining oneself in relation to the ''other'' through the generally negative heterostereotypes in the studied source leads to manifestations of ethnic consciousness. Proprietates gentium are therefore a valuable source for the study of medieval ethnic identity. The thesis focuses mainly on the stereotypical view of Bohemians from the "outside". Taking into account both older and modern historiography, the author analyses selected works dealing with Bohemians and Moravians, without neglecting the question of Slavic identity. He then compares them with similar rhymes about other nations, but above all he compares the images in the catalogues of nations with two selected literary works of the late Middle Ages, which are Historia Bohemica by Aenea Silvio Piccolomini and Hodoporicon by Johannes Butzbach. The main purpose of the analysis and comparison is to trace the emergence and reception of ethnic stereotypes that may have been spread in the Middle Ages about the...
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Bruderzwist im Hause Luxemburg: Hungarian King Sigimsund's Policy in the Kingdom of Bohemia before 1419
Hokeš, Michal ; Svátek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Schmidt, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the conflict between the Hungarian king Sigismund of Luxembourg and his brother Wenceslas IV, the king of Bohemia. It follows Sigismund's attempts at seizing power in the Kingdom of Bohemia as they unfolded during Wenceslas IV's struggle with the greater nobility united as the "league of lords". It follows, that the period and region concerned are 1394-1405 and Bohemia. The thesis offers a summary of Sigismund's intrusions into the Kingdom of Bohemia and the events of the League of Lord's struggle until 1401. The main focus lies on the second instance of Wenceslas IV's captivity (1402-1403) - the period of Sigimund's improvised rule over the Kingdom of Bohemia as administrator (gubernator regni Bohemiae). A basis for dealing with this topic are the questions of how Sigismund tried to take control of the kingdom and how he then ruled it. Wencelas' subsequent consolidation of power and Sigismund's withdrawal from Bohemia are also touched upon. The last part of the thesis outlines one of the prerequisites for a successful seizing of a kingdom, the creation of one's own "party" among the local elites. Short biographies of six Sigismund's leading "party-members" are attached.
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Peter Payne and his image in historiography
Paděra, Václav ; Svátek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Coufal, Dušan (referee)
- Petr Payne a jeho obraz v historiografii Tato práce se zaměřuje na postavu anglického husity Petra Payna (1380/90-1455/56), který sehrál důležitou úlohu v husitských Čechách 15. století. Petr, také označován jako Engliš, je známý především svou obhajobou čtvrtého artikulu o světském panování církve na basilejském koncilu v roce 1433. Práce se také zabývá další činností Petra Payna, která začala na počátku 15. století na univerzitě v Oxfordu. Dále rozebírá roli oxfordského mistra v prostou Prahy první poloviny 15. století, konkrétně v politice Jakoubka ze Stříbra, diplomatických styků s okolnými mocnostmi a teologických pří vně husitského hnutí. Za tímto účelem tato práce čerpá z české i zahraniční sekundární literatury a přístupy jednotlivých autorů porovnat. Klíčová slova Petr Payne, husitství, 15. století, historiografie, reforma, Anglie, České země
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Travelogue of Heinrich von Zedlitz
Loučka, Václav ; Svátek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Hrdina, Jan (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to make available in Czech translation the remarkable text of the travel diary of the Silesian knight Heinrich von Zedlitz. This subject of the king of Bohemia undertook a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1493, recording his experiences and knowledge in the form of diary entries for the instruction of future pilgrims. It is important that he did not travel alone, but rather joined a large, prestigious group of mainly noble pilgrims in Venice. Some of them also kept diaries or made various notes, several of which have survived, so the possibilities of mutual comparison of these materials are quite extensive. Among other things, this work is one of its prerequisities. The first part contains basic information about the travelogue in question and, above all, an analysis of several events mentioned in its text, in comparison with the better-known, Czech-written travelogue of Jan Hasištejnský of Lobkovice, which has already been published several times. The second part then includes the actual translation of Zedlitz's travelogue from early modern German into modern Czech and relevant appendices (itinerary, maps) facilitating orientation in this translation.
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Farm Animals in the Middle Ages. A Source of Livelihood, a Helper and a Noble Symbol.
Vařáková, Zuzana ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor) ; Svátek, Jaroslav (referee)
For medieval people, farm animals represented close companions in many ways - they provided meat and other food products, helped with work and very often, shared the same living space with their human owners. Moreover, they became a significant cultural symbol over time. The presented master thesis aims precisely at the reconstruction of these symbolic meanings in bohemical written sources of the 14th and 15th centuries, using three chosen animals as examples: cattle, goats, and swine. The thesis is composed of two main sections. The first and more empirical part follows the issue of domestication as well as the form of animal husbandry in the Bohemian lands during the 14th and 15th centuries. However, the core of the thesis itself lies in the fourth chapter, which deals with the symbolism and allegorical viewings of the animals in the individual sources, with emphasis on how and in what contexts farm animals were referred to. Medieval encyclopaedias, exempla, the political allegory The New Council of Smil Flaška of Pardubice, and Bohemical chronicles that were written during the specified period are used as sources for investigating this issue. Their analysis indicates that the symbolism of domestic animals was highly ambiguous, and one animal could carry both positive and negative connotations at...
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The writing of Guillebert de Lannoy as an historical source
Svátek, Jaroslav ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Pavel (referee)
Pozdní středověk se vyznačuje zvýšenou aktivitou ve dvou oblastech, které však dosáhly svého největšího rozkvětu v jiných epochách. Jedná se o objevitelské cesty a také křížové výpravy. Cestovatelé pozdního středověku stojí poněkud ve stínu pozdějších velkých zámořských objevů. A přesto, jak daleko by dopluli světoznámí objevitelé jako Vasco de Gama nebo Kryštof Kolumbus, nebýt jejich méně známých předchůdců? Cesty k novým světům těchto velikánů sice ohlašují novou dobu, ale svým myšlením a vnímáním světa stojí ještě pevně ve středověku a příliš se neliší od misionářů 13. a 14. století nebo kupců a poutníků století následujícího. Přesně naopak je tomu s křížovými výpravami. Po svém vrcholu ve 12. a 13. století ve Svaté zemi dožívá tento způsob války v následujících letech s podivuhodnou setrvačností, avšak častěji spíše v hlavách propagandistů než na konkrétních bojištích. Přesto pozdní kruciáty znovu naleznou reálný smysl zejména pod vlivem tureckého nebezpečí. Křesťanská Evropa nadto zkouší uplatnit osvědčený model křížové výpravy také na svém kontinentu. Navzdory vítěznému zakončení španělské reconquisty a pacifikaci pobaltských pohanů nejsou výsledky pozdních kruciát nijak povzbudivé, a to jednak v boji proti kacířským Čechám, tak zejména v konfrontaci s osmanským nepřítelem na Balkáně, kde fatální...
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Czech heresy in a French play Le Concil de Basle from the first half of the 15th century
Meluzinová, Zuzana ; Svátek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Christov, Petr (referee)
This bachelor's dissertation deals with French theatrical play Le Concil de Basle which was composed in the first half of the 15th century by an anonymous author. More specifically, it analyses the Czech heretical element present in the text of the play. The dissertation includes an explanation of the political and religious situation at the time of the play's composition and the development of theatrical culture in France in the late Middle Ages. The drama itself is also analysed in terms of genre, language, characters, symbolism, plot, and the author's political stance. The presence of the Bohemian element in the play Concil de Basle is examined based on specific references in the text and their significance, while the thesis also seeks to assess how the author's view of Hussites fits into the wider context of the international reaction to the Hussite movement in Bohemia. Key words Middle Ages, heresy, drama, conciliarism, allegory, theatre, France, 15th century
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The communities of Beguines in the cities of Romance Flanders in the Late Middle Ages
Mrázek, Cyril ; Suchánek, Drahomír (advisor) ; Svátek, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis focuses on the communities of medieval Beguines who lived in the cities of the French Flanders region. In the context of the individual cities and communities of Beguines, the thesis deals with selected written and material sources, whose language of testimony and symbolism is subjected to critical reading and analysis from the point of view of the semiology of medieval culture, gender relations and social ties. The result is the synthesis of these contextual, methodological, and narrative perspectives into a comprehensive idea of Beguines of the French Flanders.
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To redefine a relation in a period of heritage: the French-Chinese cultural dialogue
Zhai, Meiyu ; Daniel, Ondřej (advisor) ; Svátek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Erdösi, Péter (referee)
EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY IN BUDAPEST Charles University Faculty of Arts Institute of World History REDEFINING THE RELATIONSHIP IN AN ERA OF HERITAGE: THE FRANCO-CHINESE CULTURAL DIALOGUE Master's Thesis Meiyu ZHAI Thesis supervisor in Prague: Mgr. Ondřej Daniel, Ph.D. Thesis supervisor in Budapest: Dr. Péter Erdősi Budapest and Prague, 2021 Abstract A long history and rich national cultural heritage have made China and France global cultural powers and laid the foundation for the development of their cultural industries. However, unlike many powerful countries, the model of cultural governance in these two countries is generally state-led. They have a centralized administrative tradition, with direct and extensive state involvement in cultural affairs, and cultural exchanges with foreign countries promoted by governmental organizations, which is more like a kind of cultural diplomacy. The French government places the protection of cultural heritage at the forefront of its cultural policy, considering that cultural industries are related to the quality of nationals, national tradition and cohesion, national image and national cultural security, etc. In recent decades, China has become increasingly active in the cultural heritage discourse led by UNESCO, and there has been a 'heritage fever'. As a result,...
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Joined inseparably: The hostages in the Czech Middle Ages
Čermák, Matěj ; Svátek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Robert (referee)
The present M.A. thesis pursues the topic of hostageship for obligations in the Czech late Middle Ages, based on an analysis of epistolary correspondence, especially that between Ulrich II. of Rosenberg and his clients and opponents. Also examined are, for example, debt, purchase or mortgage agreements as a means which not only Ulrich II. tried to use for improving the bad financial situation of the house of Rosenberg. The study attempts to achieve a twofold objective: first, to clearly explain the individual terms that appear in the documents concerning the hostages, and second, based on case studies, to present an analysis of how the institute of hostageship worked in practice, with an emphasis on aristocratic honour and ties between the participants. From the methodological viewpoint, the analysis also shows that research into hostageship refines our understanding of how the Rosenberg clientele relations worked. Key words: Middle Ages, medieval, nobility, hostage, hostageship, suretyship, captivity, Kingdom of Bohemia, clients, House of Rosenberg, Ulrich of Rosenberg
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