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Pitcher Plants and Their Use in Teaching Botany
Burian, Michal ; Hrouda, Lubomír (advisor) ; Srba, Miroslav (referee)
The major objective of this thesis are carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes and their pedagogical and educational usage addressing students of elementary and grammar schools. The first part provides a general description of the Nepenthes plants, often called tropical pitcher plants due to their pitcher-shaped leaves that function as a passive pitfall trap. Moreover, the field research on the Nepenthes digestive fluid acidity was undertaken at Borneo. Plant's acidity was measured by the pH meter with glass electrode. The results obtained prove pH level differences for various Nepenthes species. In addition, pH level differences in between the fluid from freshly opened pitcher and an older fluid were observed. All results are cross-validated with the values reported in literature. On the basis of the results of the field research, didactic part is assembled. The didactic part consists of the Nepenthes general description and proposal of educational activities aiming at the botany popularization in elementary and grammar schools. Subsequently, the method proposed is tested in biology classes of the second grade of elementary school. The results reveal a positive influence of the method on student's interest in botany.
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Phenotypic characterization of transgenic tobacco lines in functional analysis of plant genes
Srba, Miroslav ; Fischer, Lukáš (advisor) ; Ovečka, Miroslav (referee) ; Potocký, Martin (referee)
Plant cell lines represent useful models in plant cell biology. They allow simple analysis of the effects of various factors including modulated gene expression at cellular and subcellular level. Tobacco BY-2 cell line is a favored model due to its high proliferation rate, capability of effective synchronization and accessibility to transformation. Relatively high uniformity of BY-2 cultures allows morphological phenotyping and assessment of growth parameters like mitotic index, viability or cell density. Presented thesis summarizes established methods and up-to-date experience with tobacco BY-2 cell lines. Selected results of two research projects focused on hybrid proline-rich proteins and heterotrimeric G-proteins are included. These projects are treated as case studies of cell line phenotyping and evaluation of cytological parameters. Protocols and general experimental suggestions that were optimized during the solving of the projects are described and discussed.
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Role of protein NtRGS1 in cell signaling and regulation of growth of tobacco BY-2 cell line.
Šonka, Josef ; Srba, Miroslav (advisor) ; Martinec, Jan (referee)
5 Abstract The thesis is focused on the role of regulator of G-protein signaling NtRGS1 in control of growth and cell proliferation of tobacco cell line BY-2. The protein NtRGS1 is an important candidate for being plant G-protein coupled receptor. Heterotrimeric G-proteins are involved in key signaling mechanisms in eukaryotic cells. Basic principles of this type of signaling are well conserved between plants and animals and related higher taxa. Outstanding difference of plant G-protein system is altered enzymatic activity of Gα subunit of the G-protein heterotrimer. These alterations correlate with chimeric structure and function of investigated NtRGS1 protein. The interaction of Gα and NtRGS1 is absolutely essential for running of heterotrimeric G-protein signaling in plants. Truncated versions of NtRGS1 fused to GFP were crated in the aim of protein characterization. The truncated proteins were investigated in respect of analysis of the role of NtRGS1 domains in protein targeting. Dynamic changes in NtRGS1 and selected truncated versions induced by experimental application of nutrition, especially sugars were described. Expression if Gα and NtRGS1 were investigated simultaneously. Influence of modulation of Gα and NtRGS1 expression on growth parameters of tobacco cell line BY-2 were described. Key words:...
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Phylogenic and developmental plasticity of structure of endo and exodermis in roots of higher plants
Szutkowská, Veronika ; Soukup, Aleš (advisor) ; Srba, Miroslav (referee)
Root endodermis and exodermis form apoplastic barriers for the movement of water and solutes into and out of the plant root system. Both layers have modified cell walls with Casparian strips. They often develope suberin lamela as a secondary development stage and thickened cellulose, sometimes lignified, wall as a tertiary development stage. Endodermis, as the innermost layer of cortex, is generally present in all vascular plant roots except Lycopodium. It is very phylogenetically and developmentally stable and in most cases single-layered. Exodermis can be often multi-layered or dimorphic and is formed on the periphery of the root. This layer can be found in a large number of angiosperms but according to the data gathered so far it seems that most of the seedless plants and gymnosperms lack it. Its presence correlates with the environmental conditions in which plants grow and its high structural and developmental plasticity helps roots to resist stress conditions such as drought, salinity, anoxic conditions and the presence of toxic substances. This paper aims to summarize the current knowledge of interspecies variability and developmental plasticity of endodermis and exodermis in roots of vascular plants.
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Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling in plants
Šonka, Josef ; Srba, Miroslav (advisor) ; Růžička, Kamil (referee)
G-protein signalling is a key mechanism of cells interaction with the environment. It has a great significance for the coordination of cell division and differentiation in animals, Fungi and Mycetozoa. The research of this type of signalling has also a large consequence in clinical practise. This work summarizes the findings of the importance and principles of heterotrimeric G-proteins signalling in plants which have been published since the first records up to 2012.
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Nesting biology and ecology of selected sphecid wasps species (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Crabronidae)
Srba, Miroslav ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Bogusch, Petr (referee)
Aim of presented work is to characterize and compare nesting biology and ecological requirements of five species of solitary wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Four species of family Sphecidae: Ammophila heydeni Dahlbom 1845, A. pubescens Curtis 1829, A. sabulosa (Linnaeus 1758), Sphex funerarius Gussakovskij 1934) and one representative of family Crabronidae (Bembix tarsata Latreile 1809) are treated here. Field observations were performed at spoil banks originated by coal mining by Most, Northwestern Bohemia. Obtained data bring exact parameters characterizing nesting habitats of studied species. Included are data on soil granulometry and penetrability, slope angle and vegetation cover. Significant difference between Ammophila species group and Bembix tarsata together with Shex funerarius was identified. Bembix tarsata and especially Sphex funerarius require softer soils and have broader valence in slope of nesting site sompared to Ammophila spp. Orientation of skew surface was almost south which has influence on microclimate of inhabited site microclimate. Biotic parameters such as cleptoparasite abundance were also tested. Three species of parasitic species Diptera: Sarcophagidae have been detected: Hilarella hilarella (Zettersedt, 1844), H. stictica (Meigen, 1824) a Metopia argyrocephala (Meigen, 1824)....
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