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Discrimination against LGB employees in the workplace
Smrčková, Růžena ; Soukup, Petr (advisor) ; Kudrnáč, Aleš (referee)
This thesis focuses on workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation, using the GBDH model as a theoretical framework. The first part presents a description of the given issue in Czech law and a comparison of the Czech Republic with other European countries. The main legal document concerning the given issue is the Anti-Discrimination Act, which divides discrimination into direct and indirect. In the Czech Republic, there is systematic discrimination against homosexuals and bisexuals based on the law in two cases - childcare and the possibility of leave of absence from work. According to the LGBTI II survey data, the Czech Republic is one of the countries where discrimination at work (11.2 %) and when looking for a job (4.2 %) is the least frequent. The second part of the thesis tests the influence of socio-demographic characteristics and the attitude of the employer and the collective on the level of discrimination against LGB employees. According to the results, previous negative experiences of the employee - with negative attitudes colleagues toward LGB minority, with inappropriate remarks about the LGB minority - have an impact on this type of discrimination. In one of the regression models, the influence of age was shown, while the remaining socio-demographic characteristics do not...
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Factors influencing the educational aspirations of primary school students
Husovská, Christiana ; Soukup, Petr (advisor) ; Wirthová, Jitka (referee)
The thesis addresses the topic of educational aspirations, which is perceived as one of the important issues in the field of educational inequalities. Specifically, the thesis focuses on the factors influencing the educational aspirations of fifteen-year-old students from elementary schools in the Czech Republic and how these factors have evolved from the year 2003 to 2022. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the key concepts related to educational aspirations and also introduces social stratification models, which partially underpin the study of such aspirations. The thesis also presents the results of previous studies on educational aspirations, particularly from the Czech context, which were subsequently utilized in the practical part. This section of the thesis is dedicated to the analysis of data from the international PISA survey, specifically its editions spanning from the year 2003 to 2022. The analysis focuses on identifying significant factors influencing educational aspirations and their development over the observed period. The most important factors influencing educational aspirations were found to be gender, mathematical abilities, parental education, as well as socioeconomic index, and cultural capital of the family. The evolution of these factors over time appears to be...
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The impact of AI tools on higher education students
Lacina, Ondřej ; Soukup, Petr (advisor) ; Remr, Jiří (referee)
In the world of rapidly evolving technologies, the last two years have seen a massive expansion of artificial intelligence. We are therefore all encountering emerging AI tools in our everyday lives. The thesis titled The Impact of AI Tools on Higher Education Students focuses on the ways in which students of Czech universities approach these new emerging technologies. After explaining the notion of artificial intelligence, the fundamental breakdown of the tools is outlined. The possible good and negative elements of these new instruments are also discussed. For the research, a mixed research design is adopted, which separates the analysis into two sections using the explanatory sequential design's processes. In the first step, a quantitative questionnaire survey was undertaken, with respondents divided proportionally into ten quotas based on the ISCED-F 2013 category. Semi-structured interviews were used in the second stage to augment the questionnaire survey. The analysis resulted in the key trends in the use of AI tools among students of Czech universities. High focus is given on the frequency of use, preferred tools, usual purposes of usage in academic, private, and professional life, faith in the generated information, and worries about potential negative consequences. The usual user groups for...
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Modernity and gender: analysis of life and relationship satisfaction in the Czech Republic
Kalinová, Eliška ; Soukup, Petr (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Hynek (referee)
This master's thesis deals with how the transformations of modernity and perceptions of gender roles shape partners' attitudes and influence their life and relationship satisfaction. Furthermore, it examines whether there are differences in life and relationship satisfaction depending on gender and how these differences are influenced by traditional and modern gender roles. The thesis also explores the influence of partner similarity on relationship satisfaction and how relationship satisfaction differs between two age groups. A comparison of satisfaction between married couples and couples in non-marital cohabitation is also performed. The chosen method is secondary data analysis of the Czech Household Panel Survey (CHPS). Two multiple linear regression models were constructed. The results indicate that relationship satisfaction has a stronger impact on life satisfaction than job satisfaction does. For men, job satisfaction is a more important life domain influencing overall life satisfaction than for women. Nonetheless, the influence of relationship satisfaction on life satisfaction is not gendered. An important finding is that an overall higher level of disagreement with traditional gender roles contributes to higher relationship satisfaction; however, for women, certain modern attitudes may in...
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Attitudes of the Czech Population Towards the Environment: Determinants of More Sustainable Traffic Behavior
Bémová, Alice ; Soukup, Petr (advisor) ; Urban, Jan (referee)
The thesis examines the relationship and attitudes of the citizens of the Czech Republic towards the environment and its protection. Specifically, it explores the willingness to reduce the use of automobiles and decision-making regarding the purchase of electric vehicles, as well as the factors influencing these choices. The introduction of the thesis reflects a shift in the perception of the environment from an anthropocentric to an ecocentric conception. The theoretical foundation for the analysis is the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) theory, which examines the influence of values, beliefs, norms, and sociodemographic factors on environmental behavior, specifically in the context of reducing use of automobiles. The thesis employs a combined research design, including a quantitative survey conducted using the CAWI method followed by semi-structured interviews with selected respondents. The analysis reveals a growing trend of postmaterialism and an interest in supporting the sustainability of the environment in the Czech Republic. The regression analysis identifies key predictors of the willingness to reduce car use, including awareness of environmental issues, perception of the danger of automobiles to the air quality, willingness to pay for environmental protection, ecocentric attitudes, postmaterialist...
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Verification of the Predictive Relationship of Risk Factors on the Child Endangerment
Lipová, Dana ; Jeřábek, Hynek (advisor) ; Soukup, Petr (referee)
The thesis examines the relationship between factors that are considered risky in the area of social and legal protection of children, and the child endangerment, which is a legal reason for a state intervention in the family. The child endangerment was conceptualized based on the child trauma theory. Risk factors were identified by means of a comparative analysis of Czech and foreign instruments of social and legal child protection bodies. The MIMIC model was used to investigate the relationships between risk factors and the child endangerment, which enables comprehensive testing of relationships between several independent variables and one dependent latent variable, which is measured by a set of manifest variables, the model also works with mutual relationships between independent variables. The testing of the model proved that risk factors have a very different degree of influence on the child endangerment, and that it is important to take into account not only their direct influence, but also those mediated through other factors. The model proved that several factors have no influence on the child endangerment. It also follows from the model that it is sufficient to work only with a limited set of key factors when evaluating the child's situation.
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Public attitudes towards European integration in the Czech Republic
Chytrá, Valérie ; Císař, Ondřej (advisor) ; Soukup, Petr (referee)
The European integration project started as a primarily economic project of political elites. Over time, it developed to deal with political and cultural issues and became an object of interest for the European general public. We recognize various factors that are connected to citizens' support towards European integration which reflect the issues that European integration brings together. Research commonly distinguishes three lines of explanation for public attitudes towards European integration. In this thesis, we are asking which factors are associated with support towards European integration in the Czech Republic. The regression analysis is based on European Social Survey data from 2020. The results show that support for European integration in the Czech Republic is recently connected the most to cultural factors which are support for immigration and the strength of national and European identity. Fairly strong predictors are also political factors such as trust in domestic political institutions and satisfaction with democracy. To a lesser extent but still significant are also economic factors, specifically evaluation of personal financial situation and national economic situation. Overall, the support is linked more strongly to issues that tend to be more stable over time, rather than to...
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The decrease in alcohol consumption and smoking in the Czech Republic between the years 2010 and 2018 in relation to the family environment
Krásná, Anna ; Soukup, Petr (advisor) ; Petrúšek, Ivan (referee)
Since 2010, sociologists have noted that teenagers drink less alcohol and smoke a smaller number of cigarettes each year than in previous years. This paper analyses the association between family background and the decline in alcohol and cigarette use in the Czech Republic between 2010 and 2018. The data are from the international HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children) study, from the years 2010, 2014, and 2018. The bachelor thesis only discusses cases from the Czech Republic, the data have thousands of cases, so they are robust enough to perform quantitative analyses. The analysis focuses only on alcohol and conventional cigarettes as the two most common addictive substances consumed by adolescents. Family background is examined in terms of parental presence in the household, ease of communication between parent and child, and family wealth. Secondary analysis showed an association of family wealth with the amount of alcohol consumed and cigarettes smoked. Children from wealthier families drink alcohol more often than children from the opposite end of the spectrum, and conversely, children from poorer families smoke more cigarettes. The data does not have the potential to observe causality, only correlations could be observed. The main conclusion of the paper is that the decline in...
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Measurement equivalence of well-being in the European Social Survey (ESS)
Hanzlová, Radka ; Raudenská, Petra (advisor) ; Soukup, Petr (referee) ; Urbánek, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis focuses on measurement invariance of well-being as an important societal topic in large international comparative surveys, but also over time on national data from the Czech Republic. To be able to reliably compare the results of any research, the research must meet certain qualitative criteria, namely reliability, validity and, in the case of international research, comparability (equivalence), which is also the most neglected. Equivalence is most often compromised in attitudinal questions and scales, which is why this thesis focuses on one such concept - well-being. It focuses specifically on testing the multidimensional model of well- being from the 6th Round of the European Social Survey (ESS), and more precisely the "overall model of well-being" developed from it in the process of modification, as the analysis reveals that the ESS model is not appropriate. The equivalence of the overall model of well-being composed of 22 items divided into five dimensions across countries and over time, is tested using two methods: the traditional Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) as an example for testing exact measurement invariance (EMI) and the more recent alignment method for testing approximate measurement invariance (AMI). The results demonstrate the difficulty of achieving the...
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