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Fyzikální modelování dynamiky peněz ve směnné ekonomice
Švarcbach, Jan ; Slanina, František (advisor) ; Kotrla, Miroslav (referee)
The presented diploma thesis belongs to the interdisciplinary area called econophysics. In this work we try to model the transition from simple barter trade to commodity money which was the forerunner of today's bank-notes. For the description of such a transition we use microscopic structure of interacting agents which can give rise to measurable macroeconomic quantities. We show that the emergence of commodity money is possible as a result of the cooperative behaviour of individual traders. We observe several statistical features of the process of money emergence and its duration and we modify the model in such a way that it would be as general as possible and allow us to measure other observable quantities. We supplement the computer simulations with analytical approach in which we use the mean field theory and the theory of a representative agent. Using the methods of statistical physics we calculate equilibrium for the case of the homegeneous distribution of commodities in representative agent's portfolio.
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Nucleation in complex systems
Kulveit, Jan ; Demo, Pavel (advisor) ; Slanina, František (referee) ; Vlček, Jaroslav (referee)
Title: Nucleation in complex systems Author: Jan Kulveit Institute: Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Supervisor: prof. Pavel Demo, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy ofSciences, Department of Optical Materials Abstract: We studied nucleation in progressively more abstract contexts and systems, starting from classical nucleation theory and ending with nucleation in complex networks. The cases studied include impurity nucleation in a solid matrix on several alkali halide crystals, where we determined formation energies for clusters, treated as defects, starting from single impurity-vacancy dipole and small aggregates to possible configurations of larger clusters. In the next part, we turn to the study of heterogeneous nucleation. While in the usual treatment of heterogeneous nucleation the surface energy is assumed to be homogenous, we ask the question what happens if we consider the surface energy to be heteroge- neous.Utilizing umbrella sampling computer simulations we find the nucleation barrier can be significantly lowered in the presence of surface heterogeneity, even if the average surface energy is kept constant. In the last part we study influence of clustering coefficient on phase transitions in scale-free networks, using forward flux sampling (FFS). Keywords: nucleation,...
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Influence of railway No. 024 on population and houses changes and regional development in Ústí nad Orlicí district in period 1869-2011
Slanina, František ; Marada, Miroslav (advisor) ; Burda, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with the historical influence of the railway infrastructure of Orlickoústecko on regional development in the monitored area in the period of 1869-2011, with special regard to the road No. 024. The main goal of this work is to assess the impact of line No. 024 on the monitored area in a given time horizon and to determine the changes of its importance in the process of settlement development and regional development. A partial task is to characterize the general significance of the railway in the Orlickoústecko region in the given time periods. The introduction summarizes the general impacts of the railway on territorial development and from these impacts the effects essential for the Orlickoústecko region are selected. Furthermore, the track is characterized from a general point of view using historical and regional literature. The circumstances of the origin of line No. 024 are outlined and its possible variants and current form are presented. In the following chapters, which are divided into two parts, the first one deals with the contemporary context of Orlickoústecko with the help of historical and regional literature. In the second part map outputs are included, which present indices of changes in the number of inhabitants and houses in individual time periods and are...
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Nucleation in complex systems
Kulveit, Jan ; Demo, Pavel (advisor) ; Slanina, František (referee) ; Vlček, Jaroslav (referee)
Title: Nucleation in complex systems Author: Jan Kulveit Institute: Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Supervisor: prof. Pavel Demo, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy ofSciences, Department of Optical Materials Abstract: We studied nucleation in progressively more abstract contexts and systems, starting from classical nucleation theory and ending with nucleation in complex networks. The cases studied include impurity nucleation in a solid matrix on several alkali halide crystals, where we determined formation energies for clusters, treated as defects, starting from single impurity-vacancy dipole and small aggregates to possible configurations of larger clusters. In the next part, we turn to the study of heterogeneous nucleation. While in the usual treatment of heterogeneous nucleation the surface energy is assumed to be homogenous, we ask the question what happens if we consider the surface energy to be heteroge- neous.Utilizing umbrella sampling computer simulations we find the nucleation barrier can be significantly lowered in the presence of surface heterogeneity, even if the average surface energy is kept constant. In the last part we study influence of clustering coefficient on phase transitions in scale-free networks, using forward flux sampling (FFS). Keywords: nucleation,...
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Transcription of genetic information
Ryabov, Artem ; Chvosta, Petr (advisor) ; Slanina, František (referee)
We investigate a one-dimensional diffusive motion of a system of interacting Brownian particles driven by an external time-dependent force. We assume the hard-core interaction between the particles. We construct the exact general solution of the N -particle problem. Specifically, we assume the spatially restricted two-particles dynamics, and the harmonically oscillating driving force. The inter-particle interaction induces effective entropic forces and hence also new effects comparing to the corresponding model without the inter-particle interaction. Especially, we have found an increase (decrease) of the work done on the right (left) particle. Similar effects are exhibited by the one-particle mean position, the one-particle entropy production, and heat released to the bath. These characteristics have been discussed depending on the model parameters. Resonance-like maxima have been detected if we plot the work accepted by the individual particles as the function of the driving frequency. Similarly, the entropy production exhibits a maximum as the function of the bath temperature.
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Statistická fyzika frustrovaných evolučních her
Pištěk, Miroslav ; Janiš, Václav (referee) ; Slanina, František (advisor)
1 Title: Statistical Physics of Frustrated Evolutionary Games Author: Miroslav Pištěk Department: Institute of Theoretical Physics Supervisor: RNDr. František Slanina, CSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: slanina@fzu.cz Abstract: In last two decades, the effort devoted to interdisciplinary research of bounded sources allocation is growing, examining complex phenomena as stock markets or traffic jams. The Minority Game is a multiple-agent model of inevitable frus- tration arising in such situations. It is analytically tractable using the replica method originated in statistical physics of spin glasses. We generalised the Mi- nority Game introducing heterogenous agents. This heterogeneity causes a con- siderable decrease of an average agent's frustration. For many configurations, we achieve even a positive-sum game, which is not possible in the original game variant. This result is in accordance with real stock market data. Keywords: frustrated evolutionary games, Minority Game, Replica method
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