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Beauty as a path towards God and world in the work of Simone Weil
Staňková, Klára ; Roreitner, Robert (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the concept of beauty in the philosophy of the French author Simone Weil. Beauty is described in the context of other concepts of Weil's philosophy, namely imagination and void, decreation and attention. These concepts are confronted with Immanuel Kant's aesthetics, which Weil both draws on and, in many ways, transcends. The thesis seeks to show beauty in Weil's philosophy as a mediator between God and the world and as one form of implicit love for God. Necessity is an important concept for describing beauty, through which Weil also points to the painful aspect of beauty. Weil's understanding of beauty is illustrated in the work by her metaphor of the labyrinth, in which beauty acts both as a trap and as a result of passing through the labyrinth. The work also explores the concrete manifestations of beauty in the world through which beauty can be loved. These, according to Weil, are primarily art, science, and nature.
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The Truth of Belief in Plato's Theaetetus
Benda, Vojtěch ; Roreitner, Robert (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee)
(in English) This work explores the critique of Protagoras' teachings presented by Plato in the first third of the dialogue Theaetetus. Plato approaches this criticism through Theaetetus' initial definition of knowledge, namely that knowledge is perception, which Plato considers equivalent to Protagoras' statement that 'man is the measure of all things.' In this work, I focus on whether Plato's critique of Protagoras, as he is depicted here, is legitimate. I intend to highlight its less convincing arguments and attempt to provide a possible response to the stronger ones. Specifically, I want to concentrate on the argument where Protagoras is compelled to agree that his theory is invalid because, according to his own theory, it is not possible for his opponents to be mistaken, and also try to offer a potential response that Protagoras could present in this context.
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Unqualified Change in Aristotle's Natural Philosophy
Roreitner, Robert ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee)
We start with the question, whether and in how far the distinction between "unqualified" and "qualified" predication of change (i.e. predication of "coming to be" and of "becoming") provides a sound clue for understanding of reality. Firstly, we focus on methodological assumptions of Aristotle's natural philosophy and science, namely on their relation to everyday language. In the next step we ask, whether and how the general conclusions about the character of any change made in Physics are valid also for any change (i.e. for "qualified" and "unqualified" change) separately. Last two chapters, then, are concerned with some consequences of Aristotle's endeavor to make justice to everyday distinction of "unqualified" and "qualified" changes for his conception of nature, namely with the character of matter and the circularity of change.
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Trojan Destinies (τυγχάνω and τεύχω in the oldest Greek epos)
Roreitner, Robert ; Fischerová, Sylva (advisor) ; Chlup, Radek (referee)
The aim of this study is to introduce the idea of fate present in Homer's Iliad. By "idea" is meant what gives the unity to apparently incoherent views (1) of fate as death and life's content; (2) of fate as a given lot and a power; (3) of fate as what is shaped by men, and what meets them. This triple polarity of meaning is explored on two levels: (a) the level of construction of the epic (how the fates are represented in the poem) and (b) the level of the Homeric expressions for fate (how the characters and the narrator talk about it). Both subjects have been treated many times and from various perspectives in the existing secondary literature. That's why this study does in neither case aim at an exhausting analysis. As for the construction of the epic, it focuses on the role played in its structure by decision, and especially on how the various decisions of different characters are integrated into the unity of narration. Among the expressions that are standardly envisaged it treats in some detail only the two most important, i.e. μοῖρα and αἶσα, although at the same time it considers also two verbs, τεύχω and τυγχάνω , to which the due attention has not yet been paid. Exploiting the results of formal-literary studies of the last decades this study returns back to a question formulated in the...
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Two perspectives of language in Nietzsche's early thinking
Roreitner, Robert ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
This article presents the early Nietzsche's work from 1856-73, which is placed here into context of its plentiful reception in the eighties and nineties and from which it offers czech translations of some important texts. The first chapter shows how in the connection with autobiographical notes from 1856-65 the theme of language enters into Nietzsche's thinking, namely as a milieu able to let some moments of past endure. In the second chapter it is in particular in confrontation with Schopenhauer, but also on the background of Langes and Hartmanns works, demonstrated how the concept of music articulates itself in Nietzsche's notes from 1869-71. It becomes clear that Nietzsche's music, which unhides the process of becoming, the mode of succession (Aufeinander), through which everything passes without regard on its quality and which is specified in oposition to language displaying everything in the mode of coexistence (Nebeneinander), thus as ideas, representations, symbols, that this music represents together with its counterpart in language a pair of concepts much more general than are the usual concepts of language and music. Language and music are two respects of symbolic system, into which we have always already entered. In the third chapter breakdown of Nietzsche's conception of culture is firstly...
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Aristotle and Theophrastus on metaphysical causes of movement
Fantyš, Daniel ; Roreitner, Robert (advisor) ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee)
This bachelor thesis starts from questions regarding the peripatetic conception of the mover or movers of the celestial spheres, which are directly and indirectly posed by Theophrastus in his Metaphysics, and it searches for possible answers to them in those texts of Aristotle where this conception is developed. It is above all the twelfth book of Aristotle's Metaphysics. At the same time, it aims to determine what answers to these questions would Theophrastus himself favor. Both the Peripatetics present in their texts a position according to which there must exist at least one eternal and unchanging first mover who moves the celestial spheres and so he maintains unceasing movement in the universe. This position, however, carries many difficulties with itself, which are articulated by Theophrastus. Specifically, this thesis aims to explore why the movers of the celestial spheres cause the circular motion of these spheres instead of their rest, in what way do they actually move the celestial speres, whether it is possible to explain the variety of motions in the sublunar world by the movements of the celestial spheres, why the first mover of the celestial spheres does not cause the movements in the sublunar world directly and other difficulties.
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Beauty and the Good in the philosophy of Plotinus
Ivančenko, Georgij ; Roreitner, Robert (advisor) ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee)
A b s t r a c t The present thesis proceeds in its exposition of the initial assertion of the unity of beauty and goodness in Plotinus' philosophy. The thesis puts forward the question of the source and definition of the intuitive and philosophical persuasiveness of such a unity, and its ontological foundation in the philosophy of Plotinus. The thesis' intention is to clarify how the abovemen- tioned unity may be thought of, what is its nature, wherein lays its foundation. The foremost aim of this work is exploration, and potentially resolution, of the following aporia, which, as I hope, is not trivial and may shed new light upon Plotinus' metaphysics, especially his under- standing of the relationshipofbeautyandgoodness:inwhatsensearebeautyandgoodnessinunity (what is the principle of such a unity and its foundation), inwhichsensearetheymutuallydistinct (what is the nature of such a distinction)? My interest lays not only with the exposition of the rôle and status of beauty and goodness in Plotinus' thinking, but rather the exploration of dif- ferent ways they mightbe united in such an eminent sense, yet simultaneouslydistinctlyinde- pendent. Our investigation, following Plotinus' exposition of the topic of beauty in Enn. I, 6, shall lead us from the analysis of beauty at the level of thesensual world...
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The origin of aesthetic experience
Švancarová, Martina ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Roreitner, Robert (referee)
The thesis discusses an aesthetic experience according to French philosophers Jean- François Lyotard and Emanuel Lévinas. Both understand it as a sensual experience in which we are concerned with the nonsensual. I focus on the conception of Lyotard in the first place. His concept of immaterial matter is described as well as the gesture by which the matter announces itself, the role of an artist in relation to his artwork, but especially the horror and anxiety to which the matter gives rise. Then the text deals with Lévinas and his concept of impersonal being, which he identifies with the matter. Then the exotic character of artwork is described, and similar anxiety experienced within the aesthetic event is demonstrated using Blanchot's Thomas the Obscure. Approaches of both thinkers are compared and fundamental contradictions in their conceptions are revealed (the most important one is a different cause of the anxiety), which is important especially due to the striking similarity of both conceptions.
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The Problematics of Artistic Forgery
Kousalová, Kateřina ; Roreitner, Robert (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
in English In my bachelor thesis I will deal with problematics of art forgery. Firstly, I will focus on defining necessary terminology, introduce an example of counterfeiting from the history of art and I will point out importance of this problem in the context of the philosophy of art. The framework of my thesis will be an interpretation and critique of philosophers and aestheticians, who deal with this problematics. In particular it is Monroe C. Beardsley, Arthur Koestler, Nelson Goodman, Mark Sagoff and Denis Dutton. Independently, I will deal with conception of Tomáš Kulka, I will show critique that deals with this conception and I will try to introduce my own critique. The aim of this thesis is to give a systematic view on the dealt problematics and consequently show, that theoretical problem connected to art forgery and theory of the art evaluation is still highly relevant for philosophy. Key words Forgery, aesthetic value, philosophy of art, artistic value, Tomáš Kulka, monism, dualism, aesthetics
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The Figure of Odysseus in Plato
Kšír, Karel ; Fischerová, Sylva (advisor) ; Roreitner, Robert (referee)
The bachelor's thesis focuses on Plato's adaptation of literature figure of the literary figure of Odysseus. Firstly, it introduces Plato's view of the myth: how he understood the myth and what he used it for. Secondly, the attention mostly drawn to Plato's own mythmaking, specifically his further treatment of the inherited tradition and how mean he refined it. For this part we use comparative approach, taking the Odyssean tradition, from Homeric epos to Plato, with the objective to show those aspects of Odysseus's figure which seem to be essential for Plato. The conclusions drawn from this are then compared with the final myth in Book X of The Republic, where Plato evaluates Odysseus. However, we also analyse other mentions of Odysseus in Plato's work, for example in Hippias Minor. Therefore, the result of the thesis a comprehensive image of Odysseus's character in Plato's work, achieved by comparison.
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