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Utilization of lactate during exercise in the context of genetic dispositions
Vostatková, Pavlína ; Petr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee) ; Balkó, Štefan (referee)
Title: Utilization of lactate during exercise in the context of genetic dispositions Objectives: The aim of the dissertation is to investigate, within a group of athletes from speed- endurance disciplines, the influence of selected polymorphisms in genes encoding lactate transporters MCT1-4 on lactate levels before, during, and after Intermittent 30s Wingate Test. A sub-objective of the study is to identify differences in allele and genotype frequencies in the respective polymorphisms between the group of athletes and controls. Methods: The research group consisted of 91 Eastern European Caucasian men, members of the Czech Athletic Association with elite performance in the 400 m run (age 20.4 ± 3.2 years; body weight 74.07 ± 7.5 kg; height 182.7 ± 6.14 cm). A control group (n=100; age 20.5 ± 1.2; body mass 77.5 ± 9.47 kg; height 181.5 ± 6.35 cm) of physically active individuals who did not perform speed and strength sports was used for allele and genotype comparisons. For genotypic analysis of selected polymorphisms, buccal mucosa swabs were performed in the probands. DNA isolation and subsequent genetic analyses were performed in collaboration with the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw. The frequencies of individual alleles and genotypes were tested for compliance with...
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Effect of caffeine on maximal strength of the complex exercises
Šťastný, Daniel ; Třebický, Vít (advisor) ; Petr, Miroslav (referee)
Title: Effect of caffeine on maximal strength of the complex exercises Objectives: The main aim of this theses is to investigate caffeine's effect on the maximum strength of the deadlift exercise. The sub-objectives of the thesis are to test whether the magnitude of the effect of caffeine differs between the upper half of the body compared to the lower half, and also whether caffeine has an effect on the production of maximal strength after insufficient rest. Methods: The randomized double-blind study consisted of 1 baseline and 2 experimental sessions . At the start of the experimental sessions, participants were given either caffeine (3 mg/kg) or placebo 60 min before testing. In a randomized order, maximal isometric strength with sufficient rest between reps was measured for the deadlift (IMT) and benchpress (IBP) exercises. Subsequently, maximal isometric strength was measured for the isometric mid-thigh (IMTP) exercise after insufficient rest. A total of 36 healthy resistance-trained men habituated to caffeine consumption participated in this study Results: RM ANOVA showed that caffeine increased performance at IMT, compared to placebo (d = 0.229 [0.61, 0.397]), but not compared to baseline. For the IBP exercise, caffeine has no effect compared to placebo, but baseline session was...
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Analysis of selected gene variants in athletes - runners at 400 m
Šplíchalová, Dominika ; Petr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Analysis of selected gene variants in athletes - runners at 400 m Objectives: This work aims to find out what the genetic profile of athletes - runners at 400 meters, who are working in lactate mode, looks like. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation involved 203 East European Caucasian males and was conducted collaboratively at the FTVS UK and Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw (AWF Warsaw). The athletes, after a brief warm- up, participated in a single 30-second Wingate test. DNA samples were collected non-invasively through saliva swabs. Lactate levels were measured using an invasive approach. Results: In the polymorphisms rs4646994 gene ACE was found to have a significant difference in genotypic (p = 0.001, x2 = 14.90) and allelic (p = 0.004, x2 = 8.52) frequencies between the overall athlete group and the controls. A notable difference in the ACE gene showed the comparison of the genotypes (p = 0.001, x2 = 13.66) and between the alleles (p = 0.003, x2 = 8.89) between the control group and elite athletes. The last statistically significant difference was observed among the genotypes (p = 0.03, x2 = 6.79) between the sub-elite athletes and the control group. When assessing the genotypic and allelic frequencies for the polymorphisms rs1815739 in the ACTN3 gene, we...
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The effect of modifications in resistance training parameters on blood pressure values during and after the training session.
Juřík, Roman ; Šťastný, Petr (advisor) ; Petr, Miroslav (referee) ; Uhlíř, Petr (referee)
Author: Mgr. Roman Juřík Title: The effect of modifications in resistance training parameters on blood pressure values during and after the training session. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of various forms of agonist- antagonist paired set and agonist resistance training on selected cardiovascular parameters in individuals with normal blood pressure and stage I hypertension. Methods: This research was conducted as a single-blind, controlled study. Based on a systematic literature search, specialized resistance and aerobic training sessions were designed. The program lasted four weeks and included a familiarization phase lasting one week. Prior to the cross-sectional study, anthropometric measurements, biochemical sample collection, muscle strength and fitness testing, and subjective assessment of training intensity using the Borg Scale were conducted. The study consisted of four different resistance training sessions and one aerobic session. Resistance training were categorized into two basic methods: agonist- antagonist paired set and traditional (agonist) training, as well as based on targeted muscle groups (upper and lower body). Training variables were defined as follows: resistance load at 75 % of 1RM, rest interval between exercises and sets of 90 seconds, 3...
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Methods of prevention in hyperextension trauma to the elbow of the handball goalkeeper
Šrámková, Šárka ; Petr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Majorová, Simona (referee)
Title: Methods of prevention in hyperextension trauma to the elbow of the handball goalkeeper. Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to determine whether the muscle strengthening exercises stabilizers of the elbow affect the stability of the elbow joint and also draw attention to the issue of hyperextension trauma to the elbow joint of the handball goalkeeper. Another objective is to evaluate the possibility of prevention of hyperextension trauma to the elbow joint of the handball goalkeeper. Methods: Rating angular deviations observed in the elbow before and after completing the intervention. Deviations were recorded using a 3D analysis system Qualysis and were processed in software Qualisys Track Manager. Results: Strengthening the dynamic stabilizers of the elbow helps to improve stability of the elbow joint load into hyperextension. Active exercise can be used as a possible prevention of hyperextension trauma to the elbow joint of handball goalkeepers. Keywords: elbow joint, hyperextension trauma, goalkeeper, handball, strengthening
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Public health in terms of eating habits of adolescents
Duchoňová, Andrea ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Petr, Miroslav (referee)
5 Abstract Context: Healthy lifestyle promotion is an important long-time process for today's society. Nowadays, models and theories are developed to enhance public health. Objectives: Create a systematic review of theories and models based on healthy diet promotion. Methods: The Master Thesis consists of 5 independent systematic reviews. Particular studies were examined based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. A search was carried out of 2 electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) using following keywords - adolescence, eating habits, diet, nutrition a names of particular models/ theories. Results: 6 studies based on Health Belief Model, 8 based on Transtheoretical Model, 7 based on Social Ecological model, 8 based on Social cognitive model and 8 studies based on Nudge theory were included into the systematic review. Conclusion: Models and Theories are considered as successful ways to modify people's eating habits. More research within this area is needed due to wide diversity of healthy diet determinants. Keywords: diet, nutrition, healthy eating, adolescent, particular model/theory
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Weight loss and Fitness improvement Basic Training Program
Chrobok, Přemysl ; Petr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Vindušková, Jitka (referee)
1. ABSTRAKT Tato diplomová práce se dotýká problematiky struktury Základniho cvičebního programu pro redukci nadváhy a zlepšení fyzické kondice. Práce popisuje rozpracované jednotlivé části základního tréninku a měření důležitá pro zjištění jeho platnosti. Ke zpracování byly nashromážděny komplexní informace o jednotlivých faktorech struktury základního tréninku, jak obecných tak specifických ze současných i starších materiálů. Samotná práce je založena na poznatcích z literatury a tvrzení jsou doplněna o záznamy z praktického cvičení. Bylo použito experimentální cvičení dle vytvořeného tréninku. Dále bylo použito měření základních antropomotorických rozměrů a všechny naměřené hodnoty byly zpracovány formou tabulek. Hodnoty a data naměřené na začátku a konci Základní tréninku, ukazují že největších úbytků nadváhy bylo dosaženo u tréninkové skupiny: 0 hmotnost před začátkem cvičení byla 78 Kg, po skončení tréninkového programu 64,625 Kg, rozdíl tedy číní 13,375 Kg; u mužů byla 0 hmotnost Před 95.333 Kg a Po 76,666 Kg a rozdíl je 18,666 Kg; u žen byla 0 hmotnost Před 67,6 Kg a Po 57,4 Kg, rozdíl vychází 10,2 Kg. U kontrolní skupiny bylo vypočítáno: 0 hmotnost před začátkem cvičení byla 78,625 Kg, po skončení tréninkového programu 76,25 Kg, rozdíl vychází 2,375 Kg; u mužů byla 0 hmotnost Před 89,25 Kg a Po 87...
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The evaluation of methodology on pull up test as a test of maximum strength of Czech soldiars
Kouřil, František ; Šťastný, Petr (advisor) ; Petr, Miroslav (referee)
Titel: The evaluation of different test protocol of pull up exercise as a maximum strenth test in Czech Republic soldiers Goals: The aim of this study is to compare different methodological ways during pull up exercise as a test of uper externities and back maximum strenght. And to assesed which load to use in case of test reason. Ant find out, what influence has the soldiers equipment on strenght test. Method: The study is based on an experiment consisting in the performance of different testing protocols, the same group of probands and subsequent comparison probands ordinal position in selected test methodologies. Selected tests, the maximum number of pull-ups with their own weight, the maximum number of pull-ups with essential military equipment (15 kg), the maximum number of pull-ups with 40% of your own body weight, the maximum load lifted in pull up excercise and the absolute pull up, which was calculated on the maximum load lifted . Use was basic statistics and serial correlation by Kendall correlation coefficient. Results: Test with military equipment (load weighing 15 kg) correlated with the test pull up with its own body weight value τr = 0.83 for statistical significance level α = 0.05. Test the pull up with 40% correlated with test pull up with their own body weight value τr = 0.72, for...
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Managing the training process in bodybuilding
Netík, Tomáš ; Suchý, Jiří (advisor) ; Petr, Miroslav (referee)
Anotation Title: Managing the training process in bodybuilding This thesis describes the sport of bodybuilding and its training process. It also describes aspects of managing the training process and based on own research determines what impact the training process is applied to changes in the state of training and performance. There is also considering the impact of specific training methods and intensification. In the research of this thesis, we used different testing methods. We performed functional tests, anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests. Based on these tests, we studied the effect of training programs for performance in bodybuilding. We found that the use of specific methods and intensification has a significant influence on the performance of bodybuilding. We also found that effective management of training process has an overall positive effect on performance status in the bodybuilding sport. Keywords: bodybuilding training, training methods, power perfomance
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