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The situation is critical. The problem of air pollution in the Most region in the 1960s
Novotná, Nikola ; Randák, Jan (advisor) ; Michela, Miroslav (referee)
The presented thesis aims to show the possibilities of society's response to a gradually recognized problematic phenomenon in the environment exploited by intensive industrial expansion under the conditions of state socialism: air pollution. It will focus on the air quality in the area of Most and its surroundings in the 1960s by tracing the interaction of human impact on the air and conversely at the time when the topic of pollution began to be reflected and addressed in the documents of the national committees in the selected area. The ambition is also to capture the formation of expert knowledge, its involvement in dealing with the situation and to trace the creation and application of environmental legislation. The works published so far usually follow the later period, especially the so-called normalisation. The thesis, by its chronological focus, will productively contribute to the pension of knowledge of the currently primarily historical community on the issue of air pollution in the second half of the 20th century.
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Domestic cats (\kur{Felis catus}) as a phenomenon in the conservation biology - their impacts on biodiversity
NOVOTNÁ, Nikola
Lately, a negative impact of ferocious domestic cats on environmental diversity has been ascertained. Using questionnaires, long term observations of cat prey (prey they brought home) and using database data (NDOP, rescue stations and ringing stations) we were finding out about the composition of cat prey throughout the year in the Czech Republic. Based on the questionnaire results, cats bring home 5x more mammals than birds. Out of the results of a long-term cat prey observation it turns out that cat prey consisted of, out of 93% mammals, 6% birds and out of 1% reptiles and insects. In the first observed season (winter), an average of 1 cat brought a 0.02 prey per day, in the second season (summer) 0.21 prey per day, and in the third season (autumn) 0.38 prey per day. Out of the obtained information it turns out that the cat´s impact on environmental diversity is greatest during the third observed season, and is the lowest during the first observed season. The mammal hunted for most frequently was a vole, while the bird hunted for most frequently was a sparrow. Based on our results, birds were carried home most frequently during the summer season, while mammals were carried home most frequently during both the summer and autumn seasons, which was caused by the fact that mostly all kinds of animals were mating during this time. For cats, it is then relatively easy to catch inexperienced young individuals. Out of all the hunted prey, 2.6% consisted of animals being officially protected in the Czech Republic. Thus, the cat´s impact on protected animals in the Czech Republic was proven.
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Frontier Guard and the Liquidation of Villages in the Bohemian Forest in the 1950's
Novotná, Nikola ; Rychlík, Jan (advisor) ; Stehlík, Michal (referee)
The presented bachelor thesis Frontier Guard and the Liquidation of Villages in the Bohemian Forest in the 1950's deals with the various methods of liquidation of abandoned villages in the Bohemian Forest region in the 1950's. The introduction of the thesis contains, in particular, a basic definition of the topic, objectives, literature and archival sources used, and the state of research to date. In the following chapters, the bachelor thesis focuses on the course of the liquidation of the villages, its cause and method. Furthermore, it discusses the guarding of the state borders of the Czechoslovak Republic by means of the iron curtain and the Frontier Guard, and the establishment of the border regime by establishing a prohibited and border zone. The work also deals with the liquidation of the villages absorbed by the Dobrá Voda military district. In the final chapters, it deals with specific examples of the liquidation of the villages Bučina, Knížecí Pláně, Stodůlky and Hůrka, villages that were liquidated due to the establishment of the prohibited and border zone and the military district.
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Bezpečná anestezie potkana pro náročné výkony
NOVOTNÁ, Nikola
Rat is a significant laboratory animal that is used especially in pharmacology, experimantal surgery, onkology and in reproduction and nutrition experiments. Therefore, it is very important to know the dosage of anestetics even for longer an more demanding operations. This bachelor thesis deals mainly with optimimization of anesthetic doses for demanding procedures and comparison of effects of individual anestecics on rat physiology. In the experiment, rats were divided into five experimental groups. The first group was given a combination of ketamine and xylazine totaling 3 times, where the first dose was for ketamine 100 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for xylazine; the second and third doses were dosedfor ketamine 50 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg for xylazine. The second group was also administered 3 times with propofol, medetomidine and nalbuphine, where the first dose was for propofol 100 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg for medetomidine and 10 mg/kg for nalbufine; the subsequent anesthetic dosing was 50 % of the initiation dose. The third group was given a combination of propofol, medetomidine and nalbuphine again 3 times, where the first dose was 100 mg/kg for propofol, 0.1 mg/kg for medetomidine and 10 mg/kg for nalbuphine; the subsequent anesthetic dosing was 25 % of the initiation dose. The fourth group was given a combination of ketamine and xylazine only once, where ketamine was 100 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for xylazine. The last fifth group was given a combination of medetomidine and nalbuphine only once, where the dosage was 100 mg/kg for propofol, 0.1 mg/kg for medetomidine and 10 mg/kg for nalbufine. After inhalation of isoflurane, the rats were given intraperitoneal anesthetics. The results show that the experimental groups used, long-term anesthesia (3 doses of anesthetics) was most, beneficial for rats using a combination of propofol (100 mg/kg), medetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) and nalbuphine (0.1 mg/kg) kg), where the subsequent doses were 25 % of the initial dose. Furthermore, we found that ketamine and xylazine anesthesia is insufficient for long-term surgery. The prolongation of the surgical phase of anesthesia by repeated administration of a reduced dose of anesthetics is possible, but this anesthesia is characterized by a more frequent occurrence of complications and therefore generally not recommended.
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Aerosol light scattering measurements
Novotná, Nikola ; Zíková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Klán, Miroslav (referee)
This master thesis analyses light scattering on atmospheric aerosols, which has been measured at Košetice observatory in Pelhřimov region since 2012. In the thesis, data are processed for period from 1. 1. 2014 to 31. 12. 2015 which provide representative values of scattering and backscattering light measurement. Angstroem exponent was calculated based on which data corrections were performed. Data were processed using hour steps and compared with meteorological and emissions concentrations data. Correlations were calculated and regressions models estimated in order to verify correctness of measurement and to explore impact of meteorological conditions and emissions concentrations PM2,5 and PM10 on scattering coefficients. Performed analyses imply, that light scattering is higher for higher concentrations of PM2,5 and PM10 and for higher relative air humidity and lower for higher outdoor temperature, total precipitations, and wind speed. In addition, it was showed that light scattering is influenced by wind direction, which determines compositions of aerosols in the sample. Key words: atmospheric aerosol, light scattering, time series evaluation
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Rozvoj mikroregionu Hustopečí s důrazem na vliv kultury vína
Novotná, Nikola
This thesis Development of Hustopeče microregion with emphasis on the influence of wine culture focuses on the development of viticulture and folk culture in the Volontary association of municipalities Mikroregion Hustopečsko. The issue of rural development, viticulture and folk culture encompasses many terms, the explanation is the subject of the theoretical part. The paper includes the characteristic of the territory with regard to the development of microregion, viticulture and folk culture as well. The practical part describes the evaluation surveys and interview. Results of surveys, interview and own findings are summarized in the SWOT analysis. They are opportunities for development of the region in these areas given and cultural potential is generalized for the development of rural microregions. The results of this thesis show, that viticulture and folk culture are supported in the microregion and it is designed education of children in this area especially.
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A study of the influence of lubricants on the ejection force of the tablets.
Novotná, Nikola ; Mužíková, Jitka (advisor) ; Ondrejček, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the type of lubricant, its concentration and mixing time with granules on the tablet hardness, ejection force and the lubrication index. Lactose was used as a filler in granules and polyvinylpyrolidone as a binder. Granules were prepared by wet granulation. Three types of talc were used in concentrations 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% a 10% and magnesium stearate in concetrations 1%, 2% a 3% as lubricants. Tablets were produced by tablet press DOTT Bonapace (model CPR-6) with the possibility to measure the force of the upper and lower punch and force-displacement. These values were used for the calculation of the lubrication index. The values of lubrication index were used for the lubricants comparison. The lubrication index with magnesium stearate did not change either with increasing concentration or with mixing time with granules. In case of each type of talc, the lubrication effect rose with increasing concentration but time of the mixing did not have any significant effect on the lubrication potential. Tablet strength decreased with higher lubricant concentration and longer mixing time when magnesium stearate was used. With increasing concentration of the lubricant tablet strength with talc first increased then stagnated or started to decrease. The higher...
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Aerosol light scattering measurements
Novotná, Nikola ; Zíková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Klán, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis' objective is basic data processing of light scattering, which was measured using three-wavelength Integrating Nephelometer. Measurements were carried out at observatory in Košetice, where the nephelometer has been placed since mid-2012. The data collection was carried out during two calendar years (2013 and 2014) and the measurement still continues there. Data is processed in a manner to be suitable for using in future research in the field of meteorology and climatology. Basic parameters such as Angsroem exponent, average value, median and annual and daily cycles are calculated. All dependencies and cycles are graphically represented and commented. Besides other things, it was found out during the data processing that e.g. average coefficient of light scattering was very similar in both years or that the scattering coefficient was higher in winter months. In addition, the thesis discusses another options for future measurements. Key words: atmospheric aerosol, light scattering, nephelometer, Angstroem exponent
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Structure of personal headings - especially ancient names and medieval names
Novotná, Nikola ; Drobíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Stöcklová, Anna (referee)
The thesis deals with the structuring of author headings, especially of the ancient and medieval names. The aim is to check observing the methodology of creating preferred forms of ancient and medieval authors' names in selected Czech library catalogs. The theoretical part focuses on selected chapters (maiden names and surnames, other entries rated as surnames, surnames containing particles, prefixes or prepositions, names of ruling families, aristocratic titles and transliterated names) related particularly to ancient and medieval names in currently effective AACR2R cataloguing rules and their comparison to the new RDA cataloguing rules. It also describes the entries in the exchange format MARC 21. The practical part is divided in two sections. The first one specifies the libraries and catalogs chosen for the research. The second part compares author records of the libraries to the National Author Database of the Czech National Library in order to find out whether they correspond.
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