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Production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility of snails and trematodes
Cibulková, Lucie ; Skála, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nývltová, Eva (referee)
Almost all trematodes use snails as the intermediate host in their life cycles. To survive within the host, they have to efficiently avoid defense reactions of its immune system. The most important effector cells, haemocytes, produce reactive oxygen species with the first molecule known as superoxide radical. Various snail species produce different levels of these radicals in relation to the compatibility with the invasive trematode species. The parasite decreases the levels of toxic radicals by using antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase which catalyzes transformation of superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide. This dismutation reaction is the first step during the oxidative burst and likely influences survival of trematodes within the host. Based on the current knowledge the production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility between snails and trematodes have been described thoroughly for a few models such as for example Biomphalaria glabrata-Schistosoma mansoni. However, this interaction appears to play a key role and, therefore, it deserves more attention in another models as well. Key words: trematodes, snails, compatibility, haemocytes, oxidative burst, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, superoxide radical
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Evolution of hydrogenosomes: adaptation of free living protists Mastagamoeba balamuthi and Naegleria gruberi to oxygen-poor environment
Nývltová, Eva ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; TIELENS, Aloysius Gerard Marie (referee) ; Markoš, Anton (referee)
Various protists from different eukaryotic groups are able to live in the oxygen-poor niches. Their metabolic adaptation to anaerobiosis is usually associated with loss of the typical mitochondrial functions, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Anaerobic forms of mitochondria generate ATP exclusively by the substrate level phosphorylation in the hydrogen-producing hydrogenosomes, or the ATP synthesis is completely lost as observed in mitosomes. Consequently, the proteomes of such organelles are considerably reduced. It is a question of debate whether the anaerobic forms of mitochondria evolved directly from premitochondrial organelles that might be present in ancient anaerobic eukaryotes or during the secondary adaptation of aerobic eukaryotes to anaerobic niches. The protist from super group Amoebozoa, Mastigamoeba balamuthi, is very attractive for study of mitochondria evolution, because it is closely related with two very different organisms: (i) the aerobic, free-living slime molds such as Dictyostelium that possesses classical aerobic mitochondria, as well as (ii) the anaerobic parasite Entamoeba histolytica that contains mitosomes, the most reduced form of mitochondria. The mitochondria derived organelles in anaerobic, free-living M. balamuthi could represent...
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Evolution of hydrogenosomes: adaptation of free living protists Mastagamoeba balamuthi and Naegleria gruberi to oxygen-poor environment
Nývltová, Eva
Various protists from different eukaryotic groups are able to live in the oxygen-poor niches. Their metabolic adaptation to anaerobiosis is usually associated with loss of the typical mitochondrial functions, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Anaerobic forms of mitochondria generate ATP exclusively by the substrate level phosphorylation in the hydrogen-producing hydrogenosomes, or the ATP synthesis is completely lost as observed in mitosomes. Consequently, the proteomes of such organelles are considerably reduced. It is a question of debate whether the anaerobic forms of mitochondria evolved directly from premitochondrial organelles that might be present in ancient anaerobic eukaryotes or during the secondary adaptation of aerobic eukaryotes to anaerobic niches. The protist from super group Amoebozoa, Mastigamoeba balamuthi, is very attractive for study of mitochondria evolution, because it is closely related with two very different organisms: (i) the aerobic, free-living slime molds such as Dictyostelium that possesses classical aerobic mitochondria, as well as (ii) the anaerobic parasite Entamoeba histolytica that contains mitosomes, the most reduced form of mitochondria. The mitochondria derived organelles in anaerobic, free-living M. balamuthi could represent...
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Production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility of snails and trematodes
Cibulková, Lucie ; Skála, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nývltová, Eva (referee)
Almost all trematodes use snails as the intermediate host in their life cycles. To survive within the host, they have to efficiently avoid defense reactions of its immune system. The most important effector cells, haemocytes, produce reactive oxygen species with the first molecule known as superoxide radical. Various snail species produce different levels of these radicals in relation to the compatibility with the invasive trematode species. The parasite decreases the levels of toxic radicals by using antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase which catalyzes transformation of superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide. This dismutation reaction is the first step during the oxidative burst and likely influences survival of trematodes within the host. Based on the current knowledge the production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility between snails and trematodes have been described thoroughly for a few models such as for example Biomphalaria glabrata-Schistosoma mansoni. However, this interaction appears to play a key role and, therefore, it deserves more attention in another models as well. Key words: trematodes, snails, compatibility, haemocytes, oxidative burst, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, superoxide radical
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Evolution of hydrogenosomes: adaptation of free living protists Mastagamoeba balamuthi and Naegleria gruberi to oxygen-poor environment
Nývltová, Eva
Various protists from different eukaryotic groups are able to live in the oxygen-poor niches. Their metabolic adaptation to anaerobiosis is usually associated with loss of the typical mitochondrial functions, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Anaerobic forms of mitochondria generate ATP exclusively by the substrate level phosphorylation in the hydrogen-producing hydrogenosomes, or the ATP synthesis is completely lost as observed in mitosomes. Consequently, the proteomes of such organelles are considerably reduced. It is a question of debate whether the anaerobic forms of mitochondria evolved directly from premitochondrial organelles that might be present in ancient anaerobic eukaryotes or during the secondary adaptation of aerobic eukaryotes to anaerobic niches. The protist from super group Amoebozoa, Mastigamoeba balamuthi, is very attractive for study of mitochondria evolution, because it is closely related with two very different organisms: (i) the aerobic, free-living slime molds such as Dictyostelium that possesses classical aerobic mitochondria, as well as (ii) the anaerobic parasite Entamoeba histolytica that contains mitosomes, the most reduced form of mitochondria. The mitochondria derived organelles in anaerobic, free-living M. balamuthi could represent...
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Evolution of hydrogenosomes: adaptation of free living protists Mastagamoeba balamuthi and Naegleria gruberi to oxygen-poor environment
Nývltová, Eva ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; TIELENS, Aloysius Gerard Marie (referee) ; Markoš, Anton (referee)
Various protists from different eukaryotic groups are able to live in the oxygen-poor niches. Their metabolic adaptation to anaerobiosis is usually associated with loss of the typical mitochondrial functions, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Anaerobic forms of mitochondria generate ATP exclusively by the substrate level phosphorylation in the hydrogen-producing hydrogenosomes, or the ATP synthesis is completely lost as observed in mitosomes. Consequently, the proteomes of such organelles are considerably reduced. It is a question of debate whether the anaerobic forms of mitochondria evolved directly from premitochondrial organelles that might be present in ancient anaerobic eukaryotes or during the secondary adaptation of aerobic eukaryotes to anaerobic niches. The protist from super group Amoebozoa, Mastigamoeba balamuthi, is very attractive for study of mitochondria evolution, because it is closely related with two very different organisms: (i) the aerobic, free-living slime molds such as Dictyostelium that possesses classical aerobic mitochondria, as well as (ii) the anaerobic parasite Entamoeba histolytica that contains mitosomes, the most reduced form of mitochondria. The mitochondria derived organelles in anaerobic, free-living M. balamuthi could represent...
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