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The attitudes and experiences of the university students with drugs of abuse
Fleischlingerová, Simona ; Melicharová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Trejtnar, František (referee)
Experiences of the students and their attitudes to the addictive drugs Simona Fleischlingerová The main dissertation's aim has been to find out the attitudes of the students of the third year of Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové to smoking and compare this with the results, which were given from the students of Medicine, Stomatology and Nursing. The data were compiled from the individual completed questionnnaire. The conclusions didn't show important differences in attitudes and opinions to smoking among the individual medical field of study. The importance of the smoking restriction in the closed room, the position of the medic as a consultant in stopping smoking and the knowledge of the therapy of nicotine addiction - These are students' opinions, which are very positive.
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Effects of selected drugs on activity of cholinesterases.
Štochlová, Karolína ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Melicharová, Ludmila (referee)
We investigated the effect of selected compounds on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. For our experimental research colorimetric Ellman method has been applied. The potency and the selectivity of tested compounds has been evaluated via their IC50 for AChE and BChE for. Inhibitory activity of tested compounds against AChE decreased in the order: quinacrine > 9-aminoacridine > proflavine > anatruxonium > BDMDAC > N-(4- trifluoromethylbenzyl) cinchoninium bromide > N-benzylquininium > URA 112 > URA 114 > chloroquine. Ajmaline, brucine, strychnine, tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, nortriptyline, dosulepine), cyclizine and scopolamine exerted a low anticholinesterase activity (IC50 greater than 1 mM) and are therefore clinically insignificant. As the standard substances for comparison with the tested compounds, we used reversible cholinesterase inhibitors: etoproprazine and BW284c51 and as irreversible inhibitor ethylparaoxone. 9-aminoacridine showed the same efficacy as the irreversible standard compound, quinacrine even exceeded the efficiency by several orders of magnitude, however significant error was observed in that case. Other substances tested exerted a lower activity than the irreversible standard and furthermore, they did not reach the clinical efficacy of commonly used...
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New trends in the treatment of diabetes
Vodrážková, Tereza ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Melicharová, Ludmila (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is the name for the group of chronic diseases, which are manifested as malfuction metabolism of saccharides. It's one of the oldest global disease. 200 milions people, both sexes and all age bracket suffer from it. Diabetes is dividing in DM I.type, which attack 7% of patiens, and DM II.type, which rises from a lot of stress, unhealthy food and absence of sport activities. The objective of diabetes treatment is early diagnosis, which can prevent the expansion of severe insulin deficiency, resistence of insulin and other metabolic disorders. Diabetic treatment includes pharmacology treatment - with insulin and peroral antidiabetics, and unpharmacology treatment, which cooperate with drugs in reducing morbidity and mortality. My dissertation specializes in new types, new production technology and new styles of aplication insulin to the body. It's also targeted the description of new groups of peroral antidiabetics, especially their development and clinical testing. Treatment of diabetes also involves transplantation of pancreas and therapy by steam-cells, which is still only in phase of clinical trials. To good compensation of DM contribute phytoterapy, diabetic diet and recommended sport activities.
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Comparison between original and generic statin
Francová, Soňa ; Melicharová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Vokřál, Ivan (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Soňa Francová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ludmila Melicharová Title of diploma thesis: Comparison of the effects of original and generic statin One of the most common causes of death in the Czech Republic is cardiovascular disease. The treatment for the dyslipidaemia and the hyperlipoproteinemia is an apparent part of the primary as well as the secondary methods of prevention of the disease. A major break through in treatment was a discovery of the hypolipidemia group called statins fifteen years ago. The potential of statins is increasing due to continual discoveries of the extra-lipid effects which positively influence the yearly consummation of this substance. The research involves the comparison of the effects of the original medicament Zocor distributed by Merc & Co and the generic medicament Simgal produced by IVAX. The purpose of this work was to compare not only the efficiency of two medicaments but also their effectiveness on the level of cholesterol in the plasma. One year observations were implemented on two different groups with ten subjects in each group. The patients have been treated with the same dosage - 20 mg of medicament once a day. The research has been randomized,...
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Advances in antithrombotic prophylaxis and therapy
Vykrutová, Iva ; Tilšer, Ivan (advisor) ; Melicharová, Ludmila (referee)
Thrombotic disease and it's consequences are worlwide one of the leading causes of death. There are prescribed anticoagulants for treatment and prevention. Currently these prescribed drugs - cumarins, unfractioned and fractioned heparins, which have many adverse effects are tried to be replaced. This review is focused on summary informations about two new anticoagulants drug - direct inhibitor f Xa (rivaroxaban) and direct thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran), which could substitude currently used drugs in future. These new substances were clinical tested, where proved safety and efficiency. In these days their indication allow for patients after knee and hip joint replacement. Advantages of rivaroxaban and dabigatran: per os aplication once a day predictable pharmacokinetics and therapeutic response low potencial of drug interaction no needs of monitoring of coagulation Disadvantages of rivaroxaban and dabigatran: limited experience yet significant financial cost unknow antidote In the future these drug could be used for other indications.
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Transport of selected drugs in the renal cells
Lysá, Tereza ; Trejtnar, František (advisor) ; Melicharová, Ludmila (referee)
7. ABSTRACT Somatostatin analogues labelled with radionuclides are used for diagnosis and therapy of some tumours, mainly neuroendocrine ones, in which receptors specifically binding these radiolabelled analogues of somatostatin are occurred. However, the therapeutic usage of these radiolabelled analogues of somatostatin is limited due to nefrotoxic undesirable effects originated because of their accumulation in the renal proximal tubules after reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate. The aim of the study was to contribute to knowledge in the renal transport systems responsible for reabsorption of radiolabelled somatostatin analogues in the renal tubular cells and then on the base of such data to find some substances which could reduce the renal accumulation and prevent the damage of the renal tissue. In experiments, the isolated renal cells obtained from rat kidney by collagenase method were used. After the verification of presence and function of transport mechanism by known indicators of active and passive transport, the accumulation of two somatatostatin analogues labelled with radionuclides - 111In-DOTA-NOC and 125IDOTA- Tyr3-octreotate were studied on these renal cells. The active transport of these radiopeptides was verified by reduce of incubation temperature. Then changes of accumulation of these...
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Study of plasma protein binding of new radiopharmaceuticals
Šejnová, Barbora ; Lázníček, Milan (advisor) ; Melicharová, Ludmila (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology DIPLOMA THESIS: Study of plasma protein binding of new radiopharmaceuticals SUMMARY: The binding ability of two receptor specific peptides - 111 In - DOTA - minigastrin 45 and 177 Lu - DOTA - bombesin - was studied by methods of equilibrium dialysis at 37řC and ultrafiltration in terms of interspecies comparison. Among selected animal species (rat, rabbit, bovine, human) was plasma protein binding completely different. Higher binding was observed for 111 In - DOTA - minigastrin 45. In comparison of both methods - higher values of binding were measured for both peptides and all species by ultrafiltration than by equilibrium dialysis. KEYWORDS: radiopharmaceuticals, plasma protein binding, equilibrium dialysis, ultrafiltration, 111 In - DOTA - minigastrin 45, 177 Lu - DOTA - bombesin Barbora Šejnová Hradec Králové 2011
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Review on clinical effects of vitamins
Chrudimská, Klára ; Trejtnar, František (advisor) ; Melicharová, Ludmila (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Klára Chrudimská Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. František Trejtnar, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Clinical effects of vitamins Abstract Vitamins are popular and often used group of substances that are administered in clinical practice. They are administered to the patiens both due to prevent their insufficiency and to cure different pathologic state to aim some pharmacological effect. But often the vitamins are not applied rationally and on scientific proof. Today a number of accessible information increases but there is not enough number of summarizing information and critical evaluation of clinical studies results. The aim of this dissertation was to create an overview of present knowledge in the area of clinical effects of vitamins. The performed analysis of the latest knowledge available in accessible specialized databases that relate to clinical studies dealing with both preventive and therapeutical impact of substances from the group of vitamins suggests that the number of information concerning usage of vitamins in indication other than substitution of insufficience therapy are still quite incomplete and in some cases contradictory. Analysed clinical studies often have considerably small...
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