|
|
Support for the Processing of Intentions
Mechl, Marek ; Zbořil, František (referee) ; Zbořil, František (advisor)
The subject of this bachelor's thesis is closely related to the Intention Progression Competition. The primary objective of the competition is to develop an agent that can effectively solve predefined problems. These problems are provided to the agent in XML file format, which includes a detailed description of the environment and tasks in the form of a goal-plan tree, adhering to the structural guidelines stipulated by the competition. The agent's task is to determine the most appropriate intention to pursue next. The aim of this thesis is to design a system for agents that enables them to work with the given problems by parsing the input file and transforming the tree structure into objects. The agent interacts with the system by issuing commands, allowing them to perform actions and achieve their objectives.
|
|
|
Coronary atherosclerosis imaging using CT coronary angiography in patients with high risk of coronary heart disease
Baxa, Jan ; Ferda, Jiří (advisor) ; Vymazal, Josef (referee) ; Mechl, Marek (referee)
Coronary atherosclerosis imaging using CT coronary angiography in patients with high risk of coronary heart disease Coronary heart disease (CHD) belongs to most frequent disorders and in industrial countries is responsible for most deaths in population. The costs of treatment of the clinical manifested CHD are high, so there is tendency to detect this disease in early phase and ideally before development of clinical symptoms. Aim of our study was to evaluate the value of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in detecting of coronary atherosclerosis in early (preclinical) phase. Our goals were estimation of prevalence of atherosclerosis in group, influence of main risk factors on grade and character of atherosclerotic changes. In follow-up we concerned on occurrence of cardiac events. 205 patients with increased cardiovascular risk underwent CCTA using dual-source CT. Coronary findings were analyzed by character of atherosclerotic changes and degree of event. stenosis. Statistical evaluation of influence of risk factors was made using the odds ratio. The statistically important differences were tested between subgroup of type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics. All patients were under follow-up for two years. Overall prevalence of atherosclerosis in analyzed group was 73 %, calcified lesions were found in 63.9 %...
|
|
|
Detection and characterization of hepatocellular liver lesions by using MRI with hepatospecific contrast agent Gd-EOB-DTPA
Mrklovský, Milan ; Žižka, Jan (advisor) ; Mechl, Marek (referee) ; Ferda, Jiří (referee)
Detection and characterization of hepatocellular liver lesions by using MRI with hepatospecific contrast agent Gd-EOB-DTPA Aim: To prospectively compare contrast properties of extracelullar (gadobutrol) and hepatospecific (gadoxetic acid) contrast agents in upper abdominal MRI studies. To prospectively evaluate the possibilities of detection and characterization of hepatocellular liver lesions by means of MRI using hepatospecific contrast agent Gd-EOB-DTPA. Materials and methods: Standardized (0,1 ml/kg) dose of gadobutrol (56 subjects) and gadoxetic acid (51 subjects) was administered intravenously by MRI-compatible injector at 2 ml/s, followed by 20 ml saline flush. MR signal intensity changes (SIC) between precontrast scans and arterial phase, portal venous phase, equilibrium, and delayed scans at 10 and 20 minutes were measured in abdominal aorta, portal vein, common bile duct, liver, and spleen. Mean SIC values for gadobutrol and gadoxetic acid were compared by a two-sample t-test with p-value < 0,05 considered significant. A total of 78 subjects with known arterial hypervascularized liver lesion (other than haemangioma) were examined on MRI with administration of liver specific contrast agent Gd-EOB-DTPA. All studies were performed before and after contrast agent injection in arterial, portal...
|
|
|
Composition analysis of urinary calculi with dual-energy computed tomography
Vondráková, Alena ; Ferda, Jiří (advisor) ; Mechl, Marek (referee) ; Ungermann, Leoš (referee)
Composition analysis of urinary calculi with dual-energy computed tomography Urolithiasis is among lifestyle diseases. Question the timely and accurate diagnosis is still current. Therapeutic approach in dealing with kidney stones depends on the particular chemical composition of urinary stone. Since the end of the 20th century as a new diagnostic option in the problems of urolithiasis exploring the possibility of using techniques of DECT, which now brings the possibility of the material characteristics of tissues in vivo. The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of chemical analysis stone disease DECT correlation of the results with laboratory chemical analysis of urolithiasis. The research sample of patients with urolithiasis became of the 70 individuals who underwent examination using DECT focusing on the chemical analysis of urinary calculi in vivo. Subsequently, analysis was made of laboratory extracted urolithiasis in all these patients. With regard to the distribution of urolithiasis into 4 main types according to the chemical composition of the stone was then assessed compliance DECT and laboratory methods. Consensus of both analytical methods were investigated on a small set of blind investigated calculi of known chemical composition ex vivo. The main outcome of this work is...
|
|
|
Avascular necrosis by adults
Kunešová, Martina ; Kreuzberg, Boris (advisor) ; Šprindrich, Jan (referee) ; Mechl, Marek (referee)
The author evaluates the role of imaging methods in diagnosis of AVN of the femoral head. She foccuses especially on MRI, she finds this imaging modality the most suitable in diagnosis of early stages of AVN. In therapy of AVN, revitalizing operation on the femoral head with using surgical diamond instruments is a promising therapeutical procedure. The author summarizes short term results in group of pacients who underwent revitalizing operation. The special attention is given to pacients after renal trasplantation. In this group of renal transplant recipients the author suggests MRI as a screening method for early detection of AVN of femoral head during the first year after transplantation. In the last part of report, the author evaluates using MRI in acute fracture of proximal femur. She suggests MRI of the hip as a method of choice in concrete age group of pacients (about between 40-65 years). Considering this pacients, the method significantly helps in choosing of adequate therapy and the proper type of surgical approach.
|
|
|
Imaging Methods in the Evaluation of the Effects of Liver Tumours Therapy
Ludvík, Jaroslav ; Ferda, Jiří (advisor) ; Mechl, Marek (referee) ; Ungermann, Leoš (referee)
Imaging methods in the evaluation of the effects of liver tumours therapy Objectives. Liver resection is the only potential curative therapy of liver tumours today. Small future liver remnant volume (FLRV) after the resection is a limitation with the risk of hepatic failure. The increase of FLRV after portal vein embolization (PVE) is often inadequate. PVE with contralateral application of hematopoietic stem cells (HCS) can facilitate the regeneration of liver. CT liver volumetry enables to evaluate the increase of FLRV and the safety of liver resection. By automatic CT liver volumetry it is possible to determine the size of liver segments, the volume of the tumour and to make a 3D reconstruction of liver vessels. The aim of the first prospective study was to verify the effect of HSC on the liver growth. The impact of both HSC derived from peripheral blood and from bone marrow was compared. The second, retrospective study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and the speed of the automatic CT liver volumetry in comparison to manual CT volumetry. Material and methods. 20 patients (the group I) underwent PVE with the contralateral application of HSC in the 1st study. In the control group II (n = 20) was performed PVE only. By the manual CT volumetry (Syngo Volume, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany)...
|
|
|
31P MR Spectroscopy of Human Kidney Grafts Monitoring of MR parameters of human grafts and their comparison with clinical parameters of patients
Vyhnanovská, Pavlína ; Hájek, Milan (advisor) ; Teplan, Vladimír (referee) ; Mechl, Marek (referee)
The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of using in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) for diagnosis of kidney graft dysfunction after transplantation. In vivo 31P MRS is noninvasive imaging method which make possible to assess energy metabolism. A total of 68 patients with kidney grafts were examined on a 1.5T MR scanner. 31P MRS was performed using the 2D-chemical shift imaging method. The patients were divided into four groups: acute rejection; acute tubular necrosis; late graft dysfunction; and patients with good renal function after transplantation. We measured the signal intensities of phosphomonoesters (PME), inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphodiesters (PDE) and -, -- adenosine triphosphate (with contribution of -, -adenosine diphosphate) and their ratios. Patients with acute rejection episodes showed significantly elevated PME/ß-ATP, PME/Pi and PDE/Pi signal ratios compared to the control group. The group with acute tubular necrosis has decreased these ratios: PDE/-ATP a PDE/Pi compared to the control group. Patients with late graft dysfunction revealed only significant decrease of PME/Pi ratio. The group of AR patients display higher ratios of PME/Pi and PDE/Pi compared to the group of ATN patients and display higher ratios of PME/Pi compared to the group of LGD....
|
|
|
Multimodality MR Imaging of Pathological Changes in Schizophrenia
Slezák, Ondřej ; Ryška, Pavel (advisor) ; Mechl, Marek (referee) ; Heřman, Miroslav (referee)
Multimodality MR imaging of pathological changes in schizophrenia Aim: To prove structural changes of the neocortex and white matter of the brain indicating connectivity disorder in early phases of schizophrenia. Material and methods: A prospective monocentric study comparing a cohort of patients after the first episode of schizophrenia (on average 15.6 days after the initial hospitalization) with a control group of healthy persons. Probands were examined using a complex MRI protocol. Twenty-six patients and twenty-four healthy persons were examined in total. Three dimensional T1 and T2 data and DWI data were analyzed using TBSS FA, FBA a surface- based morphometry. Results: Large areas of dispersively decreased FA were found in patients compared to control group using TBSS. Several fixels of decreased FD metric were found using FBA in the anterior commissure of patients and one sporadic fixel of decreased FDC metric was found in frontal white matter of the brain. No statistically significant areas of cortical surface area and cortical thickness differences were found using SBM. Conclusions: Large areas of decreased microstructural integrity of the white matter of the brain were found. However, it was not possible to specify the nature of its corruption using FBA. Our findings indicate the crucial role of...
|
|
|
Use the Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasoun in the Morning of the Effect of Liver Tumors Treatment by Radiofrequency ablation
Korčáková, Eva ; Mírka, Hynek (advisor) ; Mechl, Marek (referee) ; Čtvrtlík, Filip (referee)
Use the contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the monitoring of the effect of liver tumors treatment by radiofrequency ablation. Summary High quality imaging is crucial for the treatment of liver tumors by the percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. Imaging methods are used for planning, navigation of the intervention and monitoring after treatment. An early detection of residual tumor tissue or recurrence affect significantly the quality of life and life expectancy of the patients. Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) seems to be a suitable method for monitoring the locoregional treatment mainly because zero radiation impact on patient and allows the highly accurate real-time assessment of vascularization. The aim of my work was to verify the ability of CEUS to detect residual tumor tissue or tumor recurrence in the field of changes after radiofrequency ablation. We evaluated the group of 73 patients, who were treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for liver cancer. CEUS reached in our group the overal sensitivity 77.27 %, and in the group of colorectal cancer metastases 83.33 %. We compared CEUS with results of computed tomography (CT), which is the most commonly used method for monitoring the treatment. CEUS and CT results are similar. Based on this study, the CEUS appears to be a suitable method for monitoring...
|
|
|
Use of Imaging Methods in Polytrauma - Patients: Indications and Prognostic Value
Bajcurová, Kristýna ; Mírka, Hynek (advisor) ; Weichet, Jiří (referee) ; Mechl, Marek (referee)
Objective: The possibilities of CT examinations in patients with multiple trauma are: two- phase, or single-phase CT examination. However, a single-phase contrast medium (CM) administration doesn't suffice quality saturation of arteries along with parenchymal organs. My dissertation is focused on a split-bolus contrast medium administration technique. Aim: To prove diagnostic quality of protocols using split-bolus technique. Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into eight groups, namely A to H. After the non-contrast examination of the head and the cervical spine, all patients were examined after CM administration from the skull base to the symphysis. Group A patients underwent a biphasic examination after CM single-bolus, group B patients underwent single-phase examination after a single bolus of CM, and group C-H patients underwent a single-phase examination after split- bolus technique of CM administration. Patients were given 100 ml of CM at the same concentration of 350 mgI/ml. The densities variables in internal carotid arteries, aorta arch, abdominal aorta, common pelvis arteries, liver, v. portae, spleen and kidney were evaluated. The Krusakal-Wallis ANOVA nonparametric statistical method was used to evaluate the variables. The abnormal distribution was found using the Saphiro-Wilk...
|
guest ::
