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Future groundwater development in the Jifarah Plain, Libya
Elgzeli, Yousef Mohamed ; Krásný, Jiří (advisor) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee) ; Matula, Svatopluk (referee)
Libya as many other regions under arid climates suffer from inadequate water resources to cover all the needs of this rapidly developing country. Increasing water amounts for population supply, agricultural irrigation and use for industry are needed. As groundwater is the main water source in the country it represents a natural resource of the highest economic and social importance. Conceptual and numerical models were implemented in a regional scale to show how the natural situation has been changed after heavy groundwater abstraction having occurred in the last decades in the northwestern part of Libya. Results of the numerical model indicated that the current zones of depression in piezometric surface could have been caused by smaller withdrawn amounts than previously estimated. Indicated differences in assessed withdrawn groundwater volumes seem to be quite high and might influence considerably the future possibilities of groundwater use in the study region. 6
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Evaluation of the effect of radiation on evapotranspiration estimates and drought indices
Mairich, Pavel ; Matula, Svatopluk (advisor)
Abstract Evaluation of the effect of radiation on evapotranspiration estimates and drought indices The severity of drought can be inferred from water balance, of which evapotranspiration is a component. The evapotranspiration estimates are often based on the FAO 56 methodology with the net radiation as the main input. Usually, however, the latter is not directly measured. This study investigates to which extent can the direct solar radiation and the long-wave net radiation measurements be replaced by calculation according to FAO 56 with constant or locally optimised radiation coefficients or, for the long-wave net radiation, the coefficients according to Penman (1948). The problem is demonstrated on data from the Solar and Ozone Observatory in Hradec Králové for 2011 and 2012. On average, the estimates of solar radiation are satisfactory even with the standard coefficients and can be improved by local optimisation of the coefficients. The estimates for particular days may considerably differ from reality. The long-wave net radiation estimate according to FAO 56 is, on average, by about 30 % lower than the measured long-wave net radiation or an estimate thereof based on locally optimised or Penman's coefficients, with the average differences between any two of the last three methods much smaller (less than 9 %). The inaccuracy of estimates for particular days is considerable, too. The average reference crop evapotranspiration according to FAO 56 with standard coefficients is therefore considerably higher (by about 15 %) than analogous evapotranspiration obtained from the measured radiation or according to FAO 56 with optimised or Penman's radiation coefficients. The cause is that grass in the observatory was not irrigated. It therefore occasionally suffered from water stress and got overheated. The use of FAO 56 with the radiation inputs measured or calculated using other than the standard radiation coefficients may underestimate the evapotranspiration and the need for irrigation.
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Mineral waters of "Mariánské Lázně" and their use in balneology and in human health care
Hanzlíková, Veronika ; Matula, Svatopluk (advisor) ; Miháliková, Markéta (referee)
The town Mariánské Lázně is known as a spa town belonging to the so called West Bohemian Spa Triangle together with Karlovy Vary and Františkovy lázně, where they occupy the youngest place. The town became famous especially with mineral springs, with their amounts, where on the small territory of the town Mariánské Lázně rises about forty springs and in the close surroundings is their amount given to a hundred, primarily with composition of carbonic Seltzer water. Mineral springs are known here for its diverse composition, which are alleged to find in other spa towns of the Czech Republic and they are considered to be so called balneologic unique.
Mineral springs are waters with dissolved minerals, coming from local rocks such as granite, gneiss and amphibolite, then coming from various compounds. They are gas-charged with carbon dioxide, thanks to it are they called as a Seltzer water. On the presence of carbon dioxide affects Mariánskolázeňský zlom, bounding Tepelská vrchovina. Mineral springs of Mariánské Lázně are gas-charged from 2,5 to 3 g/l. Their mineralization is a medium to very strong, moving in large span from 3000 mg/l to 11 570 mg/l. From the viewpoint of temperature, it is about cold mineral waters with their temperature of 6 °C to 10 °C.
The cure with mineral springs has been known since 18th Century, when the then doctors were analyzing and researching on individuals their therapeutic effects. The most important doctor, who treated patients with mineral springs as a first person and also had appropriately positive results, was MUDr. Jan Josef Nehr, whose personality is very popular for the town.
The spa treatment, or balneotherapy has its own meaning till today. In Mariánské Lázně, it is used external and internal balneology, whose best known procedures are especially drinking water treatment, then mineral baths, body wrap, subcutaneous application of spring gas, or inhalation. Doctor always prescribe treatment, with respect to patients´s health condition. Primary diseases, which are in Mariánské Lázně treated is illness of digestive tract, then illness of kidneys or airways. Balneotherapy is treatment combining mutually spa procedures, where climate of spa environment performs important role too.
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Studium a ochrana dřevin: Dřeviny v krajinářských programech
Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Praha ; Výzkumný ústav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a okrasné zahradnictví, Průhonice ; Tichý, Pavel ; Petruš, Josef ; Matula, Svatopluk ; Koželuhová, Kamila ; Frantík, Tomáš ; Weber, Martin ; Skaloš, Jan ; Petříček, Václav ; Hrubá, Tereza ; Hošek, Michael ; Hofmeistrová, Hana ; Dostálek, Jiří
Cílem úkolu je shrnout informace o našich domácích dřevinách, které jsou využitelné k výsadbám v rámci krajinářských programů. Přehled biologických charakteristik našich domácích dřevin. Výběr domácích druhů dřevin pro výsadbu v zemědělské krajině. Oblasti zdrojů a využití výsadbového materiálu našich domácích dřevin. Podpora realizace modelových výsadeb dřevin ve vybraných částech lokálního biokoridoru ÚSES Valová. Monitoring výsadeb dřevin a péče o ně z hlediska ochrany přírody a krajiny.
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