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Lower secondary school pupil's evaluation of biology fields and their attitude toward biology
Malcová, Kateřina ; Čížková, Věra (referee)
Natural sciences are being less attractive for pupils in past few years. One of teachers'goals should be the effort to motivate pupils in all possible ways to study natural sciences. A whole range of factors, as sex, age, place of residence, teacher or the popularity of branches of biology, is being reflected in pupils' attitude toward biology. That is why it is important to research these attitudes and their influences. If teachers know how pupils feel about specific branches of biology, they can modify way of teaching unpopular topics to make them more attractive. It can positively affect pupils' attitude to biology as a whole. This thesis is based on research about evaluation of branches of biology which was done with 550 pupils from 6th to 9th grades of lower secondary school and lower grades of grammar school. This research was published as an article "How do lower secondary school pupils evaluate branches of biology?" and it is part of the thesis. The results showed that the most popular branches of biology are zoology and human biology. Unpopular branches are protozoology, geology and mycology. Evaluation was affected by these factors: sex, grade, type of school (primary school x lower grammar school) and the teacher. This thesis introduces the problematics of attitudes, specifically to...
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Lower secondary school pupil's evaluation of biology fields and their attitude toward biology
Malcová, Kateřina ; Čížková, Věra (referee)
Natural sciences are being less attractive for pupils in past few years. One of teachers'goals should be the effort to motivate pupils in all possible ways to study natural sciences. A whole range of factors, as sex, age, place of residence, teacher or the popularity of branches of biology, is being reflected in pupils' attitude toward biology. That is why it is important to research these attitudes and their influences. If teachers know how pupils feel about specific branches of biology, they can modify way of teaching unpopular topics to make them more attractive. It can positively affect pupils' attitude to biology as a whole. This thesis is based on research about evaluation of branches of biology which was done with 550 pupils from 6th to 9th grades of lower secondary school and lower grades of grammar school. This research was published as an article "How do lower secondary school pupils evaluate branches of biology?" and it is part of the thesis. The results showed that the most popular branches of biology are zoology and human biology. Unpopular branches are protozoology, geology and mycology. Evaluation was affected by these factors: sex, grade, type of school (primary school x lower grammar school) and the teacher. This thesis introduces the problematics of attitudes, specifically to...
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The Using of expositions of the Botanical garden of Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague - Aquatic and marsh plants
Malcová, Kateřina ; Rajsiglová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Mikešová, Kateřina (referee)
Botanical gardens perform a wide variety of functions, from which one of the most important is an educational function. They provide to visitors a large range of services such as guided tours, a variety of educational programs, worksheets etc. The same applies to the Botanical garden of Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. The main aim of the thesis was to prepare worksheets concerning expositions of aquatic and marsh plants in already mentioned botanical garden, verify them on students and adjust them to final forms. The results of the thesis are two different versions (spring and autumn) of the worksheets as well as author's solution and methodological manual for teachers. Within the thesis I also implemented the questionnaire survey where I dealt with the issue of teaching the theme of aquatic and marsh plants at Czech grammar schools and examined the attitude of teachers to field trips during botany teaching. Key words: botanical garden, worksheet, aquatic and marsh plants, field trip, questionnaire
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Mesophyll CO2 conductance in consequence with the leaf anatomy and environmental factors.
Malcová, Kateřina ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Nátr, Lubomír (referee)
The CO2 diffusion pathway from the atmosphere surrounding the leaf to the chloroplast stroma is composed of several parts, where each part poses certain resistance to the CO2 flux. The CO2 diffusion from the sub-stomatal cavities to the stroma is limited due to mesophyll conductance (gm), which includes CO2 movement in gas, liquid and lipid phases. The mesophyll conductance is influenced by factors that are both internal (e.g. leaf anatomy and leaf age) and external (e.g. irradiance, temperature). Internal factors exhibit rather long-term responses of gm, while external factors are involved in short-term changes. For these rapid changes are probably responsible aquaporins. gm significantly influences the rate of net photosynthesis, almost in the same range as a stomatal conductance does. The limitation of photosynthesis given by mesophyll conductance is not fixed and varies among species and plant functional groups. Due to continual increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, variability in gm can lead to enhanced competitive potencial of some plant species.
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