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The Issue of Manipulating in School Communication
Nejtková, Irena ; Machová, Svatava (advisor) ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee)
Práce Manipulace ve školní komunikaci se věnuje zkoumání konkrétních manipulativních postupů, které používají učitelé při komunikaci se svými žáky v rámci výchovně vzdělávacího procesu. Teoretická východiska tvoří charakteristika pojmů, souvisejících se zkoumanou problematikou. Na základě těchto obecných poznatků jsou popsány nejužívanější manipulativní postupy učitelů, které jsou doloženy příklady z konkrétního výzkumného vzorku. Manipulace je v této práci vnímána i pozitivně, jako druh pomoci učitele žákům ve výchovně vzdělávacím procesu. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Perception of Space of People from Various Cultures and its Effect of their Languages
Pěknicová, Gabriela ; Machová, Svatava (advisor) ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee)
Das Ziel der DA sollte feststellen, wie die Träger der tschechischen und der deutschen Kultur den Raum wahrnehmen. Er sollte die Hypothese widerlegen/bestätigen, dass es möglich ist, dass die Sprachen der Nachbarvölker mit sehr nahen Kulturen ihre Umwelt nicht ganz ähnlich konzeptualisieren. Das Thema der DA gehört zum Bereich der Kognitiven Linguistik, die bisher bei uns nicht durchsetzt wurde als eine Richtung von größerer Bedeutung. Aus diesem Grund wird der erste (Einleitungs-) Teil deren Beschreibung und Charakteristik gewidmet. Der zweite Teil stellt den tschechischen Sprachbild des Wortes - Begriffes prostor fest, der dritte Teil den deutschen Sprachbild des Wortes - Begriffes der Raum. Die Voraussetzung für die Feststellung der Sprachbilder des Wortes - Begriffes prostor/der Raum ist die Durchführung der kognitiven Analyse und der metaphorischmetonymischen Konzeptualisation des Wortes - Begriffes prostor/der Raum. Der vierte Teil vergleicht die beiden Sprachbilder. Die Ergebnisse der Komparation beweisen, dass die Wahrnehmung des Raumes von den Trägern der tschechischen und der deutschen Kultur gleich ist. Im letzten Teil wird vorgeschlagen, wie man die Kenntnisse der Kognitiven Linguistik (vor allem kognitive Analyse) im Unterricht der Muttersprache und der Fremdsprache ausnützen könnte. Powered by...
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Method of Integration of Valency Syntax into the Czech Language Teaching within Lower Secondary Education
Žiláková, Renata ; Machová, Svatava (advisor) ; Janovec, Ladislav (referee) ; Čechová, Marie (referee)
The dissertation called the Method of Integration of Valency Syntax into the Czech Language Teaching within Lower Secondary Education deals with the issue of valency syntax in relation to syntax teaching within lower secondary education. The main goal of the dissertation is to describe, specify and define the principles, which serve as the basis for the integration of the valency theory into the Czech language teaching within lower secondary education with regard to pupils' concepts of the structure of a Czech sentence. In its three main parts, the dissertation informs the reader about the development of the perception of the valency syntax as a scientific discipline in the Czech and foreign environment, as the didactic transformation of the curriculum must be always based on scientific theories and comply with them; the second part of the thesis analyses the didactically transformed curriculum of valency syntax in teaching materials intended for lower secondary education. On the basis of a practical quality research, the third part defines pupils' preconcepts related to the formal and semantic structure of a sentence. Among other things, the submitted dissertation points out to the necessity of monitoring the pupils' preconcepts in the Czech language teaching in order to ensure that the teaching is not...
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Nonverbal communication in teaching French language
Kovářová, Dominika ; Fenclová, Marie (advisor) ; Machová, Svatava (referee) ; Vacková, Alena (referee)
T h i s d o c t o r a l t h e s i s e n t i t l e d NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION IN FRENCH LANGUAGE TEACHING is conceived as a pedagogical study. Its title anticipates the topic of our investigation (nonverbal communication) as well as the domain of our interest (foreign language teaching). There is a large body of research on nonverbal communication across a number of disciplines including anthropology, communications, psychology, sociology and child development. However, to date there has been comparatively little investigation of nonverbal communication within applied linguistics and foreign language acquisition. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to present the large range of nonverbal communication and also its applications in French language teaching. The study is divided into three main parts and has several objectives.
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Negative language transfer students for English-speaking Czech as a foreign language. Applied contrastive linguistic study on the material selected Czech and English verbs with the meaning of interpersonal communication
Daněk, Jan ; Machová, Svatava (advisor) ; Panevová, Jarmila (referee) ; Kolářová, Ivana (referee)
Práce je zaměřena na problematiku negativního jazykového transferu anglicky mluvicích studentů češtiny jako ciziho jazyka. Na materiálu deseti českých sloves s významem interpersonálni komunikace, totiž říci (si), říkat (si), říkávat (si), mluvit, hovořit, povědět, povídat (si), oznámit, informovat a konstatovat, ukazuje, jaký obraz jazykového jednáni je typický pro rodilé mluvči češtiny. V porovnáni s převzatou analýzou anglických lexémů speak, talk, say a tell stanovuje shody a rozdily obrazu jazykového jednáni v češtině a v angličtině a predikuje oblasti negativního jazykového transferu u anglicky mluvicich studentů češtiny jako ciziho jazyka. Tuto predikci následně ověřuje pomoci výzkumné sondy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Between syntax and stylistics - literariness and the stylistic system applied to the syntactic level of the Czech language
Prošek, Martin ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Zimová, Ludmila (referee) ; Machová, Svatava (referee)
This paper is an interdisciplinary review of the cooperation between the stylistic and the syntactic system. The topic we analyze is common to stylistics and the language culture, the syntactic system being its complement. The paper is inteded to be a "deep structure" of any possible stylistic approach to language as well as of any approach from the field of language culture, eg. of any approach that uses stylistic indexing of language means and that lists these indexes in its language descriptions. Current approaches to language culture focus mainly on discussing the criteria of ascribing certain stylistic marks to language means. We presume that the question of which stylistic qualities are brought into an utterance by the means of different structural levels and how these qualities can be reflected in linguistic descriptions is at least of the same importance. Our paper focuses on stylistic qualities of syntactic means and we present them from structural point of view and by means of excerption from current syntactic works.
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Method of Integration of Valency Syntax into the Czech Language Teaching within Lower Secondary Education
Žiláková, Renata ; Machová, Svatava (advisor) ; Janovec, Ladislav (referee) ; Čechová, Marie (referee)
The dissertation called the Method of Integration of Valency Syntax into the Czech Language Teaching within Lower Secondary Education deals with the issue of valency syntax in relation to syntax teaching within lower secondary education. The main goal of the dissertation is to describe, specify and define the principles, which serve as the basis for the integration of the valency theory into the Czech language teaching within lower secondary education with regard to pupils' concepts of the structure of a Czech sentence. In its three main parts, the dissertation informs the reader about the development of the perception of the valency syntax as a scientific discipline in the Czech and foreign environment, as the didactic transformation of the curriculum must be always based on scientific theories and comply with them; the second part of the thesis analyses the didactically transformed curriculum of valency syntax in teaching materials intended for lower secondary education. On the basis of a practical quality research, the third part defines pupils' preconcepts related to the formal and semantic structure of a sentence. Among other things, the submitted dissertation points out to the necessity of monitoring the pupils' preconcepts in the Czech language teaching in order to ensure that the teaching is not...
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Quantitative Characteristics of Terms
Kováříková, Dominika ; Čermák, František (advisor) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee) ; Machová, Svatava (referee)
The new method of automatic term recognition TERMIT is focused not only on the high number of correctly labeled terms, but also on the most important attributes of a term (in terms of their role in automatic term identification process). The method is based on data mining, i.e. finding meaningful information in very large corpus data. It was able to both successfuly identify terms in academic texts and find constitutive features of a term as a terminological unit. The single-word term (SWT) can be characterized as a word with a low frequency in corpus (SYN2010) that occurs considerably more often in specialized texts of a given field than in non-academic texts, occurs in a small number of academic disciplines, its distribution in the corpus (SYN2010) is uneven as is the distance between its two instances. The multi-word term (MWT) is a stable collocation consisting of words with low frequency and contains at least one (and often more) single-word term. Based on the characteristics of SWT and MWT, it is possible to classify individual tokens in texts as terms or non-terms with a success rate of more than 95 %. Automatically identified terms can be used to identify percentage of SWT or MWT in different academic disciplines, as well as find terms shared by two or more domains in order to assess their...
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Happiness and pain in Czech language picture of the world - topics of cognitive linguistics as part of teaching at primary and secondary schools
Palkovská, Lenka ; Machová, Svatava (advisor) ; Rangelová, Albena (referee) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee)
In my doctoral thesis, I foeused on both eapturing the linguistie pieture of the notions štěstí (happiness) and bolest (pain) in the Czech linguistie pieture of the world, and also on the possibility of incorporating cognitive linguistics topics into Czech language teaching. First of all, I deseribed the notion of cognitive linguistics in connection with psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and the theory of artificial intelligence. In this theoretical part, I touch on the problém of cognitive relativism compared to cognitive universalism, based, in particular, on Irena Vaňková's book Co na srdci, to na jazyku (Vaňková et al., 2005). I also briefly dealt with the Russian branch of cognitive linguistics. However, a greater attention was paid to the Polish tradition, and to the summary of linguistie pieture features. There are several defínitions of the linguistie pieture of the world: an interpretation of reality is pointed out in one, the way of segmenting the world, and viewing individual parts in another, the way of existence (appearing) of the world in the third. Irena Vaňková gives the following deseription: "It is possible to penetrate the natural world structures by means of language: quite a few essential things will open to us if the linguistie pieture of the world is explored because the natural...
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Functional sentence perspective of the wh-questions in Czech
Kumštová, Blanka ; Machová, Svatava (advisor) ; Daněk, Jan (referee)
Im theoretischen Teil meiner Diplomarbeit erláutere ich die Terminologie und den Sinn des Begriffes "die funktionale Satzperspektive". Ich zeige dabei an die differenzierten Behandlungen dieser Problematik in der tschechischen Linguistik, die die Terminologie betreffen. Ich bespreche neben der Satzgliederung in zwei Teile, námlich der Thema- Rhema-Struktur des Satzes, auch die Satzgliederung aufgrund des Aussagewertes der einzelnen Teile des Satzes, die sogenannte Aussagedynamik. (Begriff von J. Firbas) Ich interessiere mich auch fůr die Bearbeitung der funktionalen Satzperspektive, resp. der angewandten Terminologie, in den Lehrbůchern fůr Schúler auf den Hauptschulen und fůr Studenten der Fachmittelschulen und Gymnasien. Weiter verfolge ich funktionale Satzperspektive der tschechischen WFragen und fúhre ich differenzierte Meinungen an die Funktion des Interrogativausdrucks in den W- Fragen an. Im zweiten Teil meiner Diplomarbeit suché ich in den authentischen Texten alle Varianten der Satzgliedstellung in den tschechischen W-Fragen aus. Die Durchsuchung umfasst gesprochene, sowie geschriebene Texte. Die Nachforschung hat gezeigt, dass die Variante mit dem Interrogativwort inmitten der W-Frage, im heutigen Tschechischen kaum zu finden ist. Die Komparation der gesprochenen und geschriebenen Texte hat v «...
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