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Plant defence against arsenic toxicity: a key role of arsenate reductase?
Jurčíková, Martina ; Mašková, Petra (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
Arsenic in its various forms is one of the most toxic environmental contaminants, which is also taken up by plants and can affect their vitality. The risk category is crops where As contamination reduces the overall yield and through which As enters the food chain. Its inorganic (arsenite and arsenate) and organic (methylated) forms are taken up by roots and rhizomes, where they can either accumulate or be translocated and subsequently stored in shoots. Arsenate reductase is an enzyme that catalyses the reduction of arsenate to arsenite, thereby affecting not only the overall toxicity of As in the plant, but also its transport between underground and aboveground organs. However, the interplay of the different mechanisms of As uptake, translocation and detoxification has not been investigated in detail. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to analyze and compare the importance of arsenate reductase in these processes in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana, in a rice crop and in the arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. The different tolerance of these organisms to As and their differences in the preferential site of As deposition in leaves or seeds could be used for different purposes, such as in the phytoremediation of As-contaminated soils, or in limiting the uptake or translocation of As to...
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Assessment of the economic efficiency of a passive house
Mašková, Pavla ; Comorek,, Martin (referee) ; Kocourková, Gabriela (advisor)
The Master thesis is focused on rating the specifics of passive houses and assessment whether the energy savings in the operation of passive house will cover the increased cost of construction. The theoretical part deals with the history and development of passive houses, application of natural materials, sustainable resources of energy and indicators for the evaluation of economic efficiency. The practical part describes passive and standard house. On the standard house, there is processed financial plan. Reference objects are compared, followed by evaluation of the return on the additional costs of the passive house.
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Analysis of a Selected Company Using Time Series
Pelikán, Rostislav ; Mašková, Pavla (referee) ; Doubravský, Karel (advisor)
Bachelor thesis is focused on the analysis, including assessment of the financial health of companies selected using time series. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of basic concepts relating to statistical and financial indicators. The practical part is focused on the development of the analysis itself. The results, which is achieved through analysis, are evaluated on the basis of these assessments, recommendations are. In conclusion are possible recommendations on how the company selected to achieve better results. From the perspective of financial indicators that are primarily change time stock turnover and liquidity of the Company's non-financial and in terms of the proposals for improving the promotion.
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Survey of areas of water management sites
Mašková, Petra ; Tuček, Pavel (referee) ; Kalvoda, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is the creation of the thematic map of a planimetric and altitudinal situation of three water supply sites in the city of Zdar. Part of the map is approximate no dimension plotting of existing engineering networks. The thesis deals with all stages of making thematic map - reconnaissance, construction of the auxiliary survey network, own surveying and processing of obtained data. The survey was performed with using RTK and tacheometry, the map was processed in the Micro Station environment. The final thematic map will be then entered into the owner information system of the related parcels of the firm ZDAS for the administrative and operational purposes.
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Management of Indebtedness of Selected Region
Suchomelová, Zuzana ; Mašková, Pavla (referee) ; Lajtkepová, Eva (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the management and the indebtedness of the South Moravian Region in 2010-2016. The theoretical part defines the competence of the region, regional authorities, property of the region, region budget, its incomes and expenditures and indebtedness. The analytical part contains the characteristics of the South Moravian Region and the analysis and evaluation of its economy and indebtedness. The last part includes own proposals for managing the indebtedness of the South Moravian Region in the future.
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Uptake of heavy metals - the role of the root system
Homola, Adam ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Mašková, Petra (referee)
Heavy metals are important soil pollutants and pose a significant risk to plants under certain conditions. These include some essential microelements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Mo, Cu, Ni) and toxic metals (e.g. Cd, As, Pb, Hg). Essential microelements have important functions in plants, and are mainly involved in plant metabolism as cofactors of enzymes. Toxic metals have no function, yet they enter the plant in varying degrees from the environment and cause toxicity. However, excessive concentrations of essential metals in the plant also have negative effects and plants have different mechanisms to counteract these negative effects. The bachelor thesis focuses mainly on the uptake of heavy metals from the soil by the root, which is achieved by membrane transporters. It also discusses several mechanisms involved in defence against heavy metal toxicity, not only in terms of regulating uptake, but also after heavy metals have entered plant bodies. These mechanisms are an important aspect of hyperaccumulation, which is also included in this thesis. Hyperaccumulators use these mechanisms on a completely different scale than non-hyperaccumulators, which allows hyperaccumulators to live in environments where heavy metal concentrations are high, making them completely different from each other. The properties of...
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Pupils' and parents' attitudes towards allergy and food intolerance
MAŠKOVÁ, Pavla
The aim of the work is both to process a search based on the available literature, as well as to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of students and parents in the form of a questionnaire, the attitudes of teachers and doctors through structured interviews. Furthermore, the aim of the work is to answer the following research questions. 1. Do the level of knowledge and attitudes of pupils and their parents differ? 2. Is school teaching the most important source of information on allergies and food intolerances?
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Photosynthetic characteristics of potato plants with decreased expression of BEL11 transcription factor
Dybová, Magdaléna ; Mašková, Petra (advisor) ; Fischer, Lukáš (referee)
The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the most important crops in the world. Tubers form during morphogenic process called tuberization, which timing is controlled by a complex regu- latory network involving both environmental conditions and internal factors. For the study of this process, model genotype of subspecies S. t. andigena is mostly used. It requires a short photoperiod. Vast majority of cultivated potatos are of spieces S. t. tuberosum that tuberize even under long-day conditions. Regulation of tuber initiation involves the action of endogenous factors, mainly phytohormones, carbohydrates and specific mobile signals, including BEL transcriptional factors - StBEL5, StBEL11 and StBEL29 - which transcripts are produced in leaves and transported into stolons. StBEL5 stimulates tuberization, whereas StBEL11 and -29 suppress it. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to understanding the role of StBEL11 in the regulation of tuberization by characterization of mutants with decreased StBEL11 levels. A sub- objective was to derive of transgenic lines S. t. andigena with decreased StBEL11 levels using a construct with part of StBEL11 coding region in antisense orientation under 35S CaMV pro- motor. I was able to derive forty two stable transgenic lines, which are prepared for StBEL11...
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Plant responses to combined arsenic and cadmium stress
Burešová, Andrea ; Mašková, Petra (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
Arsenic and cadmium are both non-essential, highly toxic and carcinogenic elements that often occur together in the environment. Given the frequent co-contamination of the environment, it is necessary to investigate both plant strategies for dealing with one metal(loid) and the mechanisms that lead to tolerance or, conversely, sensitivity in the presence of both elements. Simultaneous exposure to multiple toxic elements may lead to extensive plant damage, however it may also result in the increasing engagement and intensity of defence strategies. Contamination of the food chain through crops growing on contaminated soils is a major concern, one that poses a risk to both human and animal lives. The aim of this research field is to reduce accumulation and translocation to aboveground edible parts as much as possible, for example by understanding the mechanisms behind heavy metal accumulation and translocation, or by stabilising toxic elements in the soil, or by cleaning up contaminated soil. One method of clean-up is phytoremediation, which usually utilizes plants with high tolerance to toxic elements, called hyperaccumulators. The knowledge of how defence strategies and mechanisms are affected by the interaction of multiple elements is important for identifying plant species capable of activating...
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