|
|
Comparison of Hungarian and Czech folk customs related to holidays
Jedlík, Evelin ; Kolmanová, Simona (advisor) ; Mészáros, Andor (referee)
The presented thesis compares Czech and Hungarian annual customs. The work focuses on those annual holidays that still have a great influence on the culture of both countries. Both Czech and Hungarian traditions have changed and transformed over the years, and that is one of the reasons why individual customs and traditions are different in the given territorial regions. The thesis provides an insight into these customs, while pointing out the specifics of the given annual holidays in Hungary and the Czech Republic. In the case of Hungarian customs, the work is concentrated on the territory of Hungary, which in some cases is extended by the territory of neighboring states inhabited by the Hungarian population. The work is divided according to the seasons.
|
|
| |
|
|
Statistical Analysis of the Observable Data of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Řípa, Jakub ; Mészáros, Attila (advisor) ; Münz, Filip (referee) ; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico Jorge (referee)
Gamma-ray bursts are still not fully understood events. However, their exploration could pro- vide a useful tool for a better understanding of the early Universe because they belong to the most distant and violent objects that astronomers know. This thesis tries to bring more information about a so-called group of intermediate-duration bursts claimed by different authors employing dif- ferent data samples. Firstly, duration and spectral hardness properties of bursts from the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager are statistically analysed. The obtained results bring a suspicion that these intermediate bursts gather into a separate group. Secondly, these bursts are investigated in more detail with respect to their spectral lags, peak count rates, red- shifts, supernova observations, and so forth. Thirdly, long-duration bursts with known redshifts and with derived pseudo-redshifts detected by The Burst and Transient Source Experiment, Swift and Fermi bursts with known redshifts, are used to study the cosmological effects on the observed flux and fluence distributions.
|
|
|
Method of standard candles for determining distances in the Universe
Mádlová, Tereza ; Šolc, Martin (advisor) ; Mészáros, Attila (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to enrich the reader's knowledge about methods of determining distances in the universe. This study is particularly focused on the history of the evolution of these methods, a physical descrip- tion of the problem and interim results. Primarily, this thesis deals with the method of standard candles. First, the main information necessary for study- ing the methods of determining distances in the universe is clarified. Then the thesis describes in detail the issue of important historical events and inventions which affected the evolution of these methods. Through these topics we obtain knowledge of this method, and the knowledge of the theory of the expansion of the universe as well. 1
|
|
|
Determinating the cosmological omega factors with supernovae Ia
Rieb, Tomáš ; Mészáros, Attila (advisor) ; Jungwiert, Bruno (referee)
My thesis is an attempt to determine cosmological omega factors using the data measured during observations of the supernovae type Ia with cosmological redshift z 0,1. For the determination of omega factors I use the method of fi tting measured data in Hubble s diagram. I evaluate the ts by the 2-tests. The values of omega factors, coming out of the analyses as the most probable ones di ffer from the results which are published in the contemporary scienti c literature. The question which I am posing is, if it is correct to reject the cosmological models with a zero value of the cosmological constant. At the first sight statistical results of 2-test, which issue from my thesis, seem to be su fficient enough to reject these models. But the denial of the zero cosmological constant appears as ambivalent by detailed analysis of the occasions and reasons for it. As the basis for my analyses, I use the data collected by a number of scientifi c teams. I cannot succesfully fi t most of these data, because the dispersions of their positions in Hubble s diagrams are too large. I can conclude that the observations of the supernovae Ia alone are not satisfactory for a reliable determination of the cosmological omega factors.
|
|
| |
|
|
The cosmological constant on the non-cosmological scales
Liška, Andrej ; Mészáros, Attila (advisor) ; Kofroň, David (referee)
The cosmological constant Λ was first added to the gravitational field equations in 1917 by Albert Einstein. Einstein preferred the static universe, whereas field equations without the cosmological constant did not allow for such a scenario. A series of later observations mainly by Slipher, Lemaitre and Hubble showed the universe to be dynamic, which led to the cosmological constant being ne- glected from Einstein's field equations. In the early 1990s, it became clear that the expansion of the universe accelerates and the cosmological constant emerged in the field equations again, as an explanatory element. Based on a study by Perlmutter and Riess who observed distant type Ia supernovae, the cosmological constant is positive with a value of 10−56 cm−2 . The 2011 Nobel Prize was awarded for this discovery. Within the limit of weak gravitational fields and low velocities, Einstein's theory of gravitation must be reduced into Newtonian theory of gravity, the so-called Newtonian limit of Einstein equations. The full Einstein equations of the gravitational field, in the Newtonian limit, are not reduced exactly to Poisson's equation of Newtonian theory of the gravitational field. The Newtonian limit contains two additional terms with the cosmological constant, which the classical theory of gravity does not account for....
|
|
|
Hungarian shamanism and its elements in Hungarian folk tales
Adamovský, Vít ; Kolmanová, Simona (advisor) ; Mészáros, Andor (referee)
The presented bachelor thesis maps the phenomenon of Hungarian shamanism and then analyzes its elements in Hungarian folk tales. According to ethnographers of the 19th and 20th centuries, the ancient tradition of shamanism reached the territory of the former Hungary from the Siberian region, where the Hungarian ethnic group comes from. The central figure of the reconstructed Hungarian shamanism is considered to be the táltos, who, following the example of Siberian shamans, was to play the role of a healer, seer, spiritual leader, and a mediator between the human world, heaven, and the underworld in the society of that time. However, this concept is criticized by contemporary ethnographers, and the presence of a relic of Siberian shamanism in Europe is questioned. Nevertheless, these ideas occupy a firm place in Hungarian culture and mythology. The first chapter thematizes Siberian shamanism, which, unlike the Hungarian one, is documented in detail. The second part of my research describes a journey of the Hungarian ethnic group from the Finno-Ugric homeland, which is followed by a chapter devoted to problematic Hungarian shamanism of which fragments have been preserved in the folk culture, more precisely oral folk literature. The practical part of this bachelor thesis is based on the...
|
|
|
Statistical Analysis of the Observable Data of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Řípa, Jakub ; Mészáros, Attila (advisor)
Gamma-ray bursts are still not fully understood events. However, their exploration could pro- vide a useful tool for a better understanding of the early Universe because they belong to the most distant and violent objects that astronomers know. This thesis tries to bring more information about a so-called group of intermediate-duration bursts claimed by different authors employing dif- ferent data samples. Firstly, duration and spectral hardness properties of bursts from the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager are statistically analysed. The obtained results bring a suspicion that these intermediate bursts gather into a separate group. Secondly, these bursts are investigated in more detail with respect to their spectral lags, peak count rates, red- shifts, supernova observations, and so forth. Thirdly, long-duration bursts with known redshifts and with derived pseudo-redshifts detected by The Burst and Transient Source Experiment, Swift and Fermi bursts with known redshifts, are used to study the cosmological effects on the observed flux and fluence distributions.
|
|
|
Survey of the basic cosmological discoveries from years 1910-1930
Liška, Andrej ; Mészáros, Attila (advisor) ; Křížek, Michal (referee)
Between 1910 and 1930 a large number of astronomical discoveries took place. Henrietta Swan Leavitt revealed the relationship between the luminosity and the period of Cepheids, which then bacame the indicators for distance de- termination in the universe. Based on this relation in 1925 Edwin Powell Hubble calculated the distance to our neighboring Galaxy M31. Tireless exploration of the nebulae by Vesto Melvin Slipher brought a very important ratio between the red and blue shifts, where the red ones clearly dominated. In 1927 Georges Edouard Lemaître derived Hubble's law from Einstein's field equations, indepen- dently on Alexander Alexandrovich Friedmann. Two years later Hubble definitely demonstrated the linear behavior between the red shift and the distance. 1
|
guest ::
