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Finding idioms based on anomalous word-form distribution
Dittrichová, Anna ; Kováříková, Dominika (advisor) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the search, description, classification, and dictionary comparison of idioms based on data provided by GramatiKat application, which can identify nominal lemmas with anomalous word-form distribution. The aim of the diploma thesis is to determine whether grammatical anomalies in nouns (unusually high frequencies of one or more forms within a morphological paradigm) indicate formally anomalous multi-word lexemes (idioms) and how this relationship varies across different cases. Additionally, it explores the types of idioms that most commonly appear in individual cases of the singular. The analysis, utilizing SYN2015 a SYNv11 corpora, revealed that 28 % of analyzed lemmas are part of one or more idioms. The most common case is the accusative (88 %), while the least common is the vocative (5 %). The analysis also identified various groups of idioms with similar characteristics. For instance, verbal idioms were frequently observed in the dative, contact idioms predominated in the vocative, and grammatical idioms were prevalent in the locative.
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Verbs vzít a brát in Czech idioms
Vojtíšková, Nicole ; Kováříková, Dominika (advisor) ; Martínek, František (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with Czech idioms containing verbs vzít and brát. The aim of this thesis is to put together list of collocation lemmas containing verb vzít or brát and to investigate how the distrubution of 40 chosen idioms differs in three text groups (fiction, journalism and non-fiction literature) and how differs the use of vzít and brát regarding these idioms. The data for the research were extracted from the SYN_v11 corpus od written Czech or if need be from the representative subcorpus SYN_v11: SYN2020 + SYN2015. The search revealed in total 395 collocation lemmas with verb vzít and 321 collocation lemmas with verb brát. The analysis shows that the most common type of idioms containing verbs vzít and brát is collocation verbal idiom. The most of idioms are used in fiction (regarding absolute frequency and number of collocation lemmas), on the contrary the least of them is used in non-fiction literature. The verb brát usually fills in the missing present forms of the verb vzít. Only one variant of the verb is possible primarily in the case of idioms having inflectional or very restricted verbal component.
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Idioms associated with the topic of drunkenness
Hrabánková, Iva ; Kováříková, Dominika (advisor) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with idioms associated with the topic of drunkenness in Czech corpora (SYN v11 and ORAL v1). The aim of the thesis is to create a list of idioms that appear in those corpora using printed dictionaries and other sources, sort them into categories, then analyze frequencies of those idioms. Additionally, the aim of the thesis is to briefly introduce the variability of similes associated with the topic of drunkenness, specifically the variability of the relator in those similes. The results of the frequency analysis show a low frequency of this type of idioms in the corpora, especially in the ORAL v1 corpus. The results of the variability analysis show differences in variability of different similes associated with the topic of drunkenness.
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Comparison of the most frequent lemmas in written and spoken Czech
Špetová, Leona ; Kováříková, Dominika (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the 20 most frequent lemmas in the SYN2020 corpus of written Czech and the ORAL corpus of informal spoken Czech. The aim of this thesis is to find out what functions and meanings studied lemmas have and, above all, to investigate whether these meanings and functions differ in spoken and written communication. The data for the research were extracted from the SYN2020 corpus of written Czech and the ORAL corpus of informal spoken Czech. A semantic analysis of the lemmas is based on a random sample from both corpora. The results of the comparison of the 20 most frequent lemmas in the written and spoken corpora show that the most frequent lemmas in both corpora are expressions with a grammatical function, which are involved in the construction and organization of the text. These lemmas often have multiple meanings. The analysis shows that the most frequent expressions in the SYN2020 corpus are prepositions and conjunctions and in the ORAL corpus pronouns and deictic expressions. The most frequent expressions in the ORAL corpus often also have a pragmatic function. These expressions can be described as discourse markers. By comparing the most frequent lemmas we can observe different characteristics of written and spoken communication.
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Domesticated animals in Czech similes
Chmelíková, Anna ; Kováříková, Dominika (advisor) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee)
(in English): The subject of this bachelor thesis is Czech similes, which contain lexems identifying domestic animals and whose comparator is a conjuction such as. The aim of the work is to search for a list of similes and to describe the frequency features of the searched for idioms, as well as their variantity. The chosen method is the analysis of potential similes in the corpus SYN version 9, which is labelled by the frazeologically tool called FRANTA. The acquired similes of the most-frequented lemma dog are compared with data from dictionaries (Dictionary of Czech Phraseology and Idiomatics 1: Comparisons, Animal Names in Czech Phraseology and Idiomatics: Thematic phraseology dictionary I) and with spoken corpus (ORAL version 1, Ortofon version 2). The results of the analysis show a low incidence of similes in the corpus, and the percentage of comparisons is in the order of units. The comparison results did not reveal emerging similes.
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Antonymy in adjectives
Chomyková, Gabriela ; Kováříková, Dominika (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe how selected frequent adjective negative antonyms are used. The thesis analyses adjectival antonyms that express two main negative meanings, namely the meaning of simple denial of the base word content of (e.g. invalid) and the meaning of contrasting opposite to the base word content (e.g. unfortunate). These meanings are observed with regard to the logical concepts of contradiction and contrariety, and to the oppositeness of meanings and distinction between subjective and objective concepts. The data source is SYN2020 corpus, in which negative antonyms meeting the criteria of high frequency and low polysemy were searched. Their meaning was determined according to collocations and compared with the characteristics of affirmative variants. Based on the research, it can be stated that there is a wide variability in the use of these antonyms. At the same time, it was found that the meaning of the simple denial is often determined by the terminological nature of an expression. Key words: antonymy, antonymous adjectives, lexical negative, contradiction, contrariety
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Negation of adjectives
Melicharová, Kristýna ; Kováříková, Dominika (advisor) ; Šimík, Radek (referee)
(in English): The topic of this bachelor thesis is negation of adjectives in Czech, applied with the use of negative prefix ne-, which is added to the affirmative variant of the adjective. The thesis aims to answer whether in the case of negative variants of adjectives there should be seperate dictionary entries (in the case of the corpus seperate lemma). The chosen method is an analysis of adjectival counterparts at the level of collocations, meanings, morphology and syntax. Analysed data were collected from the synchronic representative corpus SYN2020 of the Czech National Corpus. The obtained collocations were afterwards compared with the meanings in two explanatory dictionaries (SSJČ and SSČ). The results of the analysis showed many subtle nuances of meaning between the affirmative and negative variants. There were also cases of different syntactic usage or complete changes of meaning. On the other hand, for some of the negative variants there was no change in meaning. This suggests that when defining separate dictionary entries for negative variants, each adjectival pair should be treated individually.
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The ability of some Czech prepositions to follow their complement
Jiřička, Lukáš ; Milička, Jiří (advisor) ; Kováříková, Dominika (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to provide initial insights into the phenomenon of Czech ambipositions, as the possibility of their existence tends to be overlooked, if not downright rejected. The early chapters introduce the traditional line of thought standardly applied in the analysis of Czech and provide commentary and authentic corpus-sourced examples (from SYN2020) to argue against it. In the following chapters, an attempt to create a tentative list of Czech ambipositions is made, alongside some initial observations and simple corpus studies. This way, several aspects, such as the possible motivation of speakers to postpose these ambipositions, the productivity of this way of using the adpositions or the impact of genre or source language, are examined briefly, before the thesis moves on to suggest some possible ways of studying the subject matter further.
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Colors and their collocations in the Czech National Corpus
Špetová, Leona ; Kováříková, Dominika (advisor) ; Martínek, František (referee)
This bachelor thesis discusses the basic color terms in the Czech language and their collocations. The work aims to examine and determine which adverbs connect with color terms the most. The data for the research are gained from synchronous corpora of written Czech called SYN2015. The thesis describes relevant terminology and presents the main linguistic approaches to research of color terms in the language. To compare differently frequented color terms, the frequency was relativized, and depending on it, the connections were differentiated into collocations and combinations. Four categories of collocations were defined based on the analysis: category of connections with other colors, category of reference to physical objects, category of brightness, saturation and intensity, category of specific characteristics. Collocations of each color term (in case of the first category also combinations) are examined and described within each category.
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Typical vocabulary of written cooking recipes in the Czech National Corpus
Chomyková, Gabriela ; Kováříková, Dominika (advisor) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to describe the typical vocabulary of contemporary written culinary recipes in the corpora of the Czech National Corpus. The main assumption is that culinary recipes have their own specific vocabulary. A typical vocabulary of culinary recipes is represented by a list of keywords (nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs). Based on the research, it can be stated that culinary recipes have their typical vocabulary. It consists of the names of various types of ingredients, meals, activities related to the preparation of meals, cooking aids and equipment, among others partitives associated with the culinary context (especially ingredients) and the names of organic substances related to good lifestyle. Key words: culinary recipe, language corpus, keyword, typical vocabulary, DIN
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