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Intersectional approach in the human rights practice in the Czech Republic
Drobná, Eliška ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
The bachelor work explores the question of whether and to what extent human rights practice reflects intersectionality, using Iris Marion Young's theory of oppressed groups. After defining oppressed groups, it selects the three most commonly represented variables - gender, ethnicity and sexual orientation. The paper analyses whether and how the intersectionality of these three variables is viewed within human rights practice - the Constitutional Court is used as a key element of Czech human rights jurisdiction. Using a content analysis of intersectionality cases of the aforementioned oppressed groups between 1993 and 2023 from the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, the thesis answers whether and to what extent intersectionality is reflected within human rights practice.
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The role of political symbols of the Slovak interwar state in 2023 Slovak elections
Bartovská, Barbora ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the political symbols of the Slovak state, their role, and their use by the far-right parties in the election campaign in the early parliamentary election in the year 2023 in Slovakia. The first part of the thesis contains a summary of the current state of knowledge of the far right, political memory and symbolism, Slovak state, and clerofascism, and ends with a brief outline of political development in Slovakia until May 2023. The second part deals with the operationalization of symbols and selection of the studied political parties, thus creating a case study, which is analyzed in the next section. The analysis itself takes place in the visual and content form in the parties' election programs, billboards, websites, and selected web articles. It concludes with a summary of the analysis results and findings. The thesis aims to answer the question: what role do the political symbols of the Slovak state play in the hands of the far-right Slovak political parties in the early parliamentary elections in 2023 in Slovakia?
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Construction of ideas of the "people" and "nation" by PiS: the change of the party narrative during its existence and rise to power.
Honěk, Jan ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Salamon, Janusz (referee)
This bachelor's thesis examines the creation and utilization of historical and nation-building narratives in populist politics to garner support from voters by the Prawo i Sprawiedliwość party in Poland. The first part describes the political history of Poland since its transition to a democratic system and the history of the party itself. Subsequently, it defines a framework essential for understanding the concepts of populism and ethno-populism. The practical part consists of analysing the party's most important programs throughout its existence in areas related to defining the nation and promises made by the party associated with this definition. These are supplemented by the real results of the party's governance in these policies. The aim of this thesis is to describe how the party defines the "nation" throughout its existence and how it utilizes this rhetoric to gain voter support.
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Synodal process from the perspective of participatory innovations
Bernard, Tomáš ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the synodal process and democratic innovation. The main research objective is to determine whether the current synodal process, which began in 2021, can be described as a democratic innovation, specifically deliberative mini-publics, as it is a groundbreaking process that has been made available to all members of the Catholic Church for the first time in history. The research is based primarily on the theory of political scientist Archon Fung, who has written extensively on deliberative mini-publics. The thesis asks two main research questions. The first addresses whether, according to official Catholic Church materials describing the synodal process at the grassroots level, this process can be described as a deliberative mini-public. The research also selected two case studies focusing on two different parishes where the synodal process took place. The second research question was then answered by analyzing these two parishes to examine the fulfillment of selected design criteria of deliberative mini-publics. Based on the processed results of the analysis, it can be concluded that a level of fulfillment of the design elements was achieved such that the synodal process at the grassroots level was identified as a DMP. However, in answering the second research question, the...
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German National Identity After Reunification
Brožová, Jitka ; Říchová, Blanka (advisor) ; Guasti, Petra (referee)
This thesis examines the evolution of German national identity following the Germany's reunification in 1990. Utilizing qualitative analysis of historical texts and socio-economic surveys, the study explores how reunification has influenced both the collective and individual senses of identity among Germans. It argues that the merging of distinct East and West German identities has resulted in a complex and multifaceted national identity, characterized by both a sense of unity and persistent regional distinctions. The findings highlight the importance of historical context in shaping national identity and suggest that German identity will continue to evolve as it responds to internal and external challenges. This study contributes to the broader field of political science by providing insights into the dynamics of national identity in post-Cold War Europe.
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Masculinity in the American Far-Right, Its Character, Radicalization and Risks of Violence
Kretíková, Veronika ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
The thesis focuses on the topic of masculinity within the American far right and aims to examine its nature, radicalization, and possible risks of violence. The thesis is based on a qualitative methodology and employs a comparative study method. The subject of the analysis are individual far-right organizations and movements operating on the American political scene. Specifically, five groups were selected, namely Proud Boys, Oath Keepers, Incel, Kingdom Identity Ministries and Nationalist Social Club. For each selected group, the research analysed their approach to violence and their views on gender-related issues. Analysis of the literature and individual case studies suggests that gender and with it also masculinity have a strong influence on the American far right. Issues related to gender resonate strongly among supporters of the American far-right movements and organizations that primarily consists of white men. As a result of this analysis, the radical construct of masculinity was found in three of the five selected far-right groups: Proud Boys, Incel, and the Nationalist Social Club. The research shows that violence is both an important aspect for supporters of the American far right and a tool they use to achieve their goals. When such an approach to violence is combined with a masculine...
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Contemporary thinkers of the European far right: a comparative analysis
Olšáková, Martina ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Guasti, Petra (referee)
The thesis deals with the political thinking of contemporary intellectual representatives of the extreme right, as well as the thinkers who built the ideological foundations for the modern extreme right. In the first part of the thesis, the basic concepts with which the far-right scene works and also the methods of its organization are presented. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on important founders of extreme right-wing thought, Julius Evola, Oswald Spengler, Carl Schmitt and Ernst Jünger. The next part of the work is devoted to the characteristics of the contemporary extreme right, the introduction of ideological pillars, the introduction of the French New Right and the identitarian movement. In the last part of the work, the opinions on selected topics of the main representatives of the intellectual far-right scene of today, Alain de Benoist, Guillaume Faye, Renaud Camus, Dominiqua Venner, Götze Kubitschek, Markus Willinger, Armin Mohler, Alexander Dugin, Franco Freda and Tomislav Sunić are examined and compared. The work primarily aims to describe how the intellectual far-right scene tried to adapt its ideological and political thinking so that it became acceptable in society and the political environment after the Second World War, and what are the common and different features of the selected...
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Analyzing the Process of Democratization in Ukraine
Šťastný, Miroslav ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
This thesis focuses on the democratization process of Ukraine in the period from the Orange revolution until now. The main goal of the paper is to analyse the process using the theory of embedded democracy by Wolfgang Merkel. To do so I use the data provided by the BTI transformation index which rates numerous democratic variables every two years. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first one consists of the history of the land of Ukraine, the introduction to the key concepts, as well as to the Merkel's theory. The second part is the analysis itself. In the end, the final results of Ukraine are compared to the other countries of the postsoviet Eurasia.
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