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Non-Conjunctional Concession in German
Drobník, Ondřej ; Friedová, Mirjam (advisor) ; Vachková, Marie (referee)
in English This Master's thesis deals with German non-conjunctive concessive expressions. The concession is here understood as a ternary semantic-logical relation based on concessive implication and conjunction. Theoretically, the entire work is embedded in Construction Grammar. The goal of the work was to confirm the hypothesis that there are far more concessive expressions than traditionally listed in reference grammars. The parallel corpus InterCorp was used as a data source, with the help of which Czech concessive expressions (excerpted from grammars) were "projected" into German. The number of obtained equivalents was indeed many times higher. The equivalents were subsequently classified according to the expressed modification of the concessive relation (pure concession, irrelevance, etc.). The last part of the thesis is an empirical case study, supported by the data from a monolingual corpus, devoted to the construction [ob XP oder XP]. The given construction expresses irrelevance, can be connected to various parts of speech (e.g., nouns, verbs, particles), shows internal syntactic variation and, among other things, it indicates how speakers conceptualize irrelevance. Keywords: Concession, Construction Grammar, irrelevance, German, corpora
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Corpora in secondary FLE teaching: case study on the verbonominal constructions
Drobník, Ondřej ; Kučerová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
in English The submitted master's thesis deals with the use of the Czech-French parallel corpus InterCorp in secondary school teaching. The theoretical part summarizes the already known advantages and disadvantages of corpus didactics, places the language corpus in the context of Czech high school education and briefly describes the construction of avoir N (e.g. avoir faim, avoir besoin de), which will serve as the language goal of our exercises. The methodology presents the data that will be worked with in the next parts, the parallel corpus InterCorp (version 13), as well as outlines the construction of own "didactic" corpus, which phase is inevitable when drawing data from a linguistically oriented corpus. The focus of the diploma thesis lies in the practical section, where I suggest to French teachers several ways to compile their own exercises covering the whole process of foreign language teaching: exposure, fixation, application, and control (according to Choděra, 2013), focusing on the secondary school level (approx. A1- B1/B2). The suggested exercises are of two types: hands-on and hands-off. I discuss the first type only marginally, in the second I have introduced translation, speking, grammar and other activities. The main output of the work is the finding that a parallel corpus can be...
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Concessive construction "avoir beau" and its equivalents in German and Czech
Drobník, Ondřej ; Venušová, Alena (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
(in English): The topic of this Bachelor thesis is the French concessive structure avoir beau and its equivalents in Czech and German. The thesis explains the notion of concession as an abstract meaning expressing an invalid cause and describes the ways of expressing the concession in Czech, in German and in French. In addition, French offers a unique verbal construction avoir beau, which is associated with an infinitive and acquires its concessive meaning by contrasting with the subordinated clause. Its most frequently found equivalents in Czech are e.g. marně, ačkoli, adjectives prefixed by sebe-, etc. German translates avoir beau most often by preposition trotz, adverbs vergeblich, umsonst, conjunctions obwohl, obzwar, etc., or modal verbs können, wollen and mögen. In the end, it was shown that in the search for a suitable equivalent, the translated sentences can be almost arbitrarily transformed, without much semantic harm.
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Concession in the Europarl Corpus: a Formal and Contrastive Analysis
Drobník, Ondřej ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Kučerová, Magdalena (referee)
(English) The presented diploma thesis deals with the French concession connectors bien que, quoique, encore que, malgré que and certes-mais. The aim of the thesis was to describe their behaviour in French and to compare them with Czech. As the main classification criteria, we choose the position of the concédé and the asserté, and the finiteness of the concédé. By reason of technical arrangement of the corpus, the type of concession is described only marginally. The connectors were described on random samples from the parallel corpus Europarl. This corpus contains transcripts of the European Parliament's debates and was chosen due to the high content of argumentative structures. In the defined samples, bien que and certes-mais are very close in their function (most often is the government of finite concédés in anteposition). Another class consists of encore que and malgré que (commonly govern finite concédés in postposition). Quoique is aside, because it prefers on our samples non-finite concédés in postposition. And thus, the conjunction connectors, which are often referred to as synonymous, exhibit different behavior in terms of the factors described. More generally, the anteposition of concédés emphasizes the validity of the concessive implication, while its postposition stresses the concessive...
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Gallicisms in German: a Corpus-Based Study
Drobník, Ondřej ; Hejhalová, Věra (advisor) ; Tichák, Viktor (referee)
(English): The topic of this bachelor thesis is the orthography of French lexicon in contemporary German. Selected gallicisms were subjected to quantitative corpus analysis, whose output is not only the frequency list of lexemes, but also a list of spelling variants of individual words. The results obtained were analyzed in two steps. The first step was to trace the most common spelling variations compared to the codified forms. The most common deviations were: preservation of French spelling (e. g. Bohème), degemination (e. g *aktuel; almost always as defective spelling) and writing without accents (e. g. Chateau). In the second step, a hundred of the most frequent gallicisms showing spelling variations were compared with two German reference lexicographic pieces - the DUDEN-Online and the DWDS dictionaries. This part of the thesis found that the two dictionaries (even proportionally) copy very closely the language usage. There was also a lexicon with French spelling, which is in most cases reserved for specific macaronic collocations (e. g. Grande Armée, en détail).
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Gallicisms in German: a Corpus-Based Study
Drobník, Ondřej ; Hejhalová, Věra (advisor) ; Vachková, Marie (referee)
(English): The topic of this bachelor thesis is the orthography of French lexicon in contemporary German. Selected gallicisms were subjected to quantitative corpus analysis, whose output is not only the frequency list of lexemes, but also a list of spelling variants of individual words. The results obtained were analyzed in two steps. The first step was to trace the most common spelling variations compared to the codified forms. The most common deviations were: preservation of French spelling (e. g. Bohème), degemination (e. g *aktuel; almost always as defective spelling) and writing without accents (e. g. Chateau). In the second step, a hundred of the most frequent gallicisms showing spelling variations were compared with two German reference lexicographic pieces - the DUDEN-Online and the DWDS dictionaries. This part of the thesis found that the two dictionaries (even proportionally) copy very closely the language usage. There was also a lexicon with French spelling, which is in most cases reserved for specific macaronic collocations (e. g. Grande Armée, en détail).
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Concessive construction "avoir beau" and its equivalents in German and Czech
Drobník, Ondřej ; Venušová, Alena (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
(in English): The topic of this Bachelor thesis is the French concessive structure avoir beau and its equivalents in Czech and German. The thesis explains the notion of concession as an abstract meaning expressing an invalid cause and describes the ways of expressing the concession in Czech, in German and in French. In addition, French offers a unique verbal construction avoir beau, which is associated with an infinitive and acquires its concessive meaning by contrasting with the subordinated clause. Its most frequently found equivalents in Czech are e.g. marně, ačkoli, adjectives prefixed by sebe-, etc. German translates avoir beau most often by preposition trotz, adverbs vergeblich, umsonst, conjunctions obwohl, obzwar, etc., or modal verbs können, wollen and mögen. In the end, it was shown that in the search for a suitable equivalent, the translated sentences can be almost arbitrarily transformed, without much semantic harm.
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Gallicisms in German: a corpus-based study
Drobník, Ondřej ; Hejhalová, Věra (advisor) ; Vachková, Marie (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the orthography of French lexicon in contemporary German. Selected Gallicisms were subjected to a quantitative corpus analysis, whose output is not only the lexeme frequency list, but also the register of spelling variants of individual words. The obtained results were analyzed in two steps. The first step was to trace the most frequent spelling variations compared to the codified forms. The most common deviations were the preservation of the French spelling (e.g. Bohème), degemination (e.g. *aktuel; occurred almost always as defective spelling) and the record without accents (e.g. Chateau). In the second step, a hundred of the most frequent Gallicisms showing spelling deviations were compared with two German lexicographic pieces - DUDEN-Online and DWDS dictionaries. This part of the thesis found that specifically two named dictionaries mirror (even proportionally) very closely the language usage. There is a direct proportion between the frequency of any set orthographic form and its "correctness" in meaning of codification. There is also a lexicon with French spelling, which is in most cases reserved for specific "macaronic" collocations (e.g. Grande Armée, en détail).
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